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horNET Giga PCI (P6111-1)
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Glossary of key terms
The purpose of this section is to explain some of the most important concepts related to
computer networks.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a highly popular networking system developed by Xerox. Depending on version, it
supports data transfers at 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD
(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) technology for network access, making it
possible for workstations to share a single cable (although only one workstation can use the
cable at any given time). A short description of various Ethernet standards is provided below,
including information on cable types and maximum segment lengths.
Ethernet standards
10Base-2
Also known as ‘thin’ Ethernet (Thinnet); data rate: 10 Mbps; coaxial cable; maximum
segment length: 185 m (607 ft).
10Base-5
Also known as ‘thick’ Ethernet (Thicknet); data rate: 10 Mbps; coaxial cable; maximum
segment length: 500 m (1,640 ft).
10Base-T
Data rate: 10 Mbps; twisted pair cable; maximum segment length: 100 m (328 ft).
10Broad-36
Data rate: 10 Mbps; coaxial cable; maximum segment length: 3,600 m (11,800 ft).
10Base-F
Data rate: 10 Mbps; fiber optic cable; maximum segment length: 4 km (2,5 mi).
100BaseTX
Data rate: 100 Mbps; maximum segment length: 100 m (328 ft).
1000Base-T
Data rate: 1000 Mbps; maximum segment length: 100 m (328 ft).
100VG-AnyLAN
Data rate: 100 Mbps, demand priority access; maximum segment length: 150 m (492 ft).
Topologies
Bus
With the bus topology, all workstations are connected to a single cable (trunk). The
information transferred reaches all workstations, but is only picked up by the one to which
it has been transmitted.
Star
With the star topology, workstations are connected to hubs. Depending on the hub used,
the information transferred reaches all workstations or is transmitted between individual
workstations.
Star-Configured Ring
With this topology, workstations are configured physically as a star, however signals are
transmitted from station to station as in a ring configuration. A typical example of this type
of network is Token Ring.
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