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DFX-444 Operator’s Manual Issue 3
3
transmitted echoes. The sound velocity of the test piece
multiplies this time in order to obtain an accurate distance or
thickness reading. Since the actual sound velocity in
materials can vary from the published values, the best result
is obtained when the instrument is calibrated on a reference
block made from the same material as the test piece. This
block should be flat, smooth and as thick as the maximum
thickness expected of the test piece.
Users should also be aware that the sound velocity might not
be constant throughout the test piece due to effects such as
heat-treating. This must be taken into consideration when
evaluating the results of ultrasonic thickness testing. The
calibration should always be checked after testing to minimize
errors.
B. Transducer/Probe Zero Procedure. The transducer/probe
calibration procedures must be performed as described in this
manual. The calibration block must be clean, in good
condition and free of noticeable wear. Failure to perform the
transducer/probe zero and calibration procedure will cause
inaccurate thickness readings.
C. Flaw Detection Calibration. When performing flaw
detection, it is important to note that the amplitude of
indications is not only related to just the size of the
discontinuity. The depth of a discontinuity below the test
piece surface will also have an effect on the amplitude due to
characteristics of the sound beam spread and near field zone
of transducer/probe. In addition, the characteristics of the
discontinuity such as orientation and classification can alter
the expected amplitude response. For these reasons,
calibration should be performed on test blocks made of the
same material as the test piece with artificial discontinuities
within the range of size and depth in the material to be
detected. The user is again cautioned to refer to reference
books which are beyond the scope of this manual.
D. Effects of Temperature on Calibration. The sound velocity
in test pieces and the transducer/probe wear face changes
10


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