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Full-aperture metering
One of the light-metering systems of a camera with a built-in TTL exposure meter. After
you make the aperture setting, the camera determines the correct shutter speed by meas-
uring the light with full aperture. As the aperture is kept fully open, the view in the view-
finder is bright, enabling easy focusing. The lens will then be stopped down to your
aperture setting when you release the shutter. On the contrary, metering the light with the
actual aperture setting for shooting is called “stop-down metering.” This may darken the
view in the viewfinder making focusing difficult. With some special lenses or certain ac-
cessories (such as a bellows attachment), only stop-down metering is available.
Guide number
Used as a standard value to numerically show the illumination level (ISO 100, m, 20°C
/ 68°F) of flash. The value is indicated in units of GN (ISO 100, m). An aperture setting
value for the correct exposure can be obtained by the following equation.
Aperture value (f) = Guide number (GN) / Shooting distance (meters).
ISO film speed
A unit to indicate the film sensitivity, defined by the ISO (International Organization for
Standardization).
Manual exposure
Shooting is performed by manually setting the shutter speed and aperture value based
on the light level measured by an external or built-in exposure meter. With manual
exposure, shooting can be performed independent from changes in conditions. You
may want to make a solemn image by setting the exposure to a low level, or add a
cheerful atmosphere by setting it to a high level.
Mechanical shutter
A shutter system that mechanically controls the shutter speed. Its advantage is that no
power is required, permitting you to shoot even when the battery power is exhausted.
This may be especially effective for photographing with long-time exposure or at low
temperatures at which batteries would have to be warmed.
Multiple-exposure photography
To expose a single frame more than once.
ND filter
ND stands for Neutral Density. ND filters can flatly decrease the light level without
masking out any specific wavelength (color).
Overexposure
A state in which the total exposure is too great when compared with standard exposure.
Glossary (Continued)
52


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