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Netgear FM114P Manual

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SM-FM114PNA-0
May 2002
NETGEAR,Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
Phone 1-888-NETGEAR
Reference Manual for the
Model FR114P, FR114W
and FM114P Cable/DSL
ProSafe Firewall Family
ii
© 2002 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
NETGEAR and Auto Uplink are trademarks or registered trademarks of Netgear, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions
In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to
make changes to the products described in this document without notice.
NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit
layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to
part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall is shielded against the generation of
radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is
declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22).
iii
Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall gemäß der im
BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben
einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die
Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung.
Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt
gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen.
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall has been suppressed
in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some
equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain
restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions.
Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market
and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Technical Support
Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe
Firewall.
World Wide Web
NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL)
http://www.netgear.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer
or Netscape are required.
iv
Contents v
Contents
About This Guide
Typographical Conventions ............................................................................................. xv
Special Message Formats ...............................................................................................xvi
Technical Support ............................................................................................................xvi
Related Publications ........................................................................................................xvi
Chapter 1
Introduction
About the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewalls .........................................................................1-1
Key Features ..................................................................................................................1-1
A Powerful, True Firewall .........................................................................................1-2
Content Filtering .......................................................................................................1-3
Configurable Ethernet Connection ...........................................................................1-3
Protocol Support ......................................................................................................1-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................1-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................1-5
Chapter 2
SettingUptheHardware
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1
Local Network Hardware Requirements .........................................................................2-2
PC Requirements ..............................................................................................2-2
Access Device Requirement .............................................................................2-2
The Firewall’s Front Panel ..............................................................................................2-3
The Firewall’s Rear Panel ..............................................................................................2-4
Connecting the Firewall ..................................................................................................2-4
Connecting to Your Internet Access Device .............................................................2-5
Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network .............................................................2-5
Preparing your Wireless Devices .............................................................................2-6
Installing a Wireless Card in the FR114W .........................................................2-6
Connecting the Power Adapter ................................................................................2-6
vi Contents
Verifying Connections .....................................................................................................2-7
Chapter 3
Preparing Your Network
Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking .................................................3-1
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and ME for IP Networking ................................................3-2
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ..................................................3-2
Assign TCP/IP configuration by DHCP ....................................................................3-4
Selecting Internet Access Method ............................................................................3-4
Verifying TCP/IP Properties .....................................................................................3-5
Configuring Windows NT or 2000 for IP Networking ......................................................3-5
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ..................................................3-5
Verifying TCP/IP Properties .....................................................................................3-6
Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking .................................................................3-6
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x ...............................................................................................3-7
MacOS X ...........................................................................................................3-7
Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh) ..................................................................3-8
Your Internet Account .....................................................................................................3-8
Login Protocols ........................................................................................................3-9
Account Information .................................................................................................3-9
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Windows) .......................................3-10
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Macintosh) .....................................3-11
Restarting the Network .................................................................................................3-11
Ready for Configuration ................................................................................................3-12
Chapter 4
Basic Configuration
Accessing the Web Configuration Manager ...................................................................4-1
Configuration using the Setup Wizard ............................................................................4-4
Configuring for Dynamic IP Account ........................................................................4-5
Configuring for Fixed IP Account .............................................................................4-6
Configuring for an Account with Login .....................................................................4-7
Manual Configuration .....................................................................................................4-8
Completing the Configuration .........................................................................................4-9
Chapter 5
Security
What is a Firewall ...........................................................................................................5-1
Contents vii
Security Log ....................................................................................................................5-2
Examples of log messages ......................................................................................5-4
Activation and Administration ............................................................................5-4
Dropped Packets ...............................................................................................5-4
Block Sites ......................................................................................................................5-5
Rules ..............................................................................................................................5-6
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................5-8
Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server ..........................................5-9
Inbound Rule Example: Allowing Videoconference from Restricted Addresses 5-10
Considerations for Inbound Rules: ..................................................................5-10
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .......................................................................5-11
Following is an application example of outbound rules: ..................................5-11
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger ...................................5-11
Order of Precedence for Rules ..............................................................................5-12
Default DMZ Server ...............................................................................................5-12
Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port .................................................................5-13
Services ........................................................................................................................5-14
Schedule .......................................................................................................................5-16
Time Zone ........................................................................................................5-17
E-Mail ...........................................................................................................................5-18
Chapter 6
Wireless
Wireless Settings ............................................................................................................6-2
Identification ......................................................................................................6-2
Options ..............................................................................................................6-3
Access Point ......................................................................................................6-3
Configuring WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) .................................................................6-4
Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address ...............................................................6-5
Additional Notes .............................................................................................................6-6
Security ....................................................................................................................6-6
Placement and Range ..............................................................................................6-6
Chapter 7
Print Server
Network Printing from Windows .....................................................................................7-1
Installing the PTP Driver ..........................................................................................7-1
viii Contents
Printer Management ..........................................................................................7-3
Port Options .......................................................................................................7-3
LPD/LPR Printing from Windows .............................................................................7-4
Windows NT 4.0 Server Configuration ..............................................................7-5
Client PC Setup for LPD/LPR Printing ...............................................................7-7
Network Printing from the Macintosh ..............................................................................7-9
MacOS 8 or 9 Configuration .....................................................................................7-9
MacOS X Configuration .........................................................................................7-10
Network Printing from Linux .........................................................................................7-10
Troubleshooting the Print Server ..................................................................................7-10
Chapter 8
Maintenance
System Status .................................................................................................................8-1
Attached Devices ............................................................................................................8-4
Changing the Administration Password ..........................................................................8-4
Configuration File Settings Management .......................................................................8-5
Restore and Backup the Configuration ....................................................................8-6
Erase the Configuration ...........................................................................................8-6
Router Upgrade ..............................................................................................................8-7
Diagnostics .....................................................................................................................8-8
Ping an IP Address ..................................................................................................8-8
Perform a DNS Lookup ............................................................................................8-8
Display the Routing Table ........................................................................................8-9
Reboot the Router ....................................................................................................8-9
Chapter 9
Advanced Configuration
Dynamic DNS .................................................................................................................9-1
LAN IP Setup ..................................................................................................................9-3
LAN TCP/IP Setup ...................................................................................................9-3
MTU Size .................................................................................................................9-5
DHCP .......................................................................................................................9-5
Use router as DHCP server ...............................................................................9-5
Reserved IP adresses .......................................................................................9-6
Static Routes ..................................................................................................................9-6
Static Route Example ...............................................................................................9-8
Contents ix
Remote Management .....................................................................................................9-9
Chapter 10
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning .........................................................................................................10-1
Power LED Not On .................................................................................................10-2
Test LED Never Turns On or Test LED Stays On ...................................................10-2
Local or Internet Port Link LEDs Not On ................................................................10-2
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ........................................................10-4
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ............................................................................10-5
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility ...............................................10-6
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ....................................................................10-6
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ..............................................10-7
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ......................................................10-8
Using the Default Reset button ..............................................................................10-8
Problems with Date and Time .......................................................................................10-8
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
Appendix B
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1
What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-1
Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2
IP Addresses and the Internet ................................................................................. B-2
Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4
Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5
Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................. B-8
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9
Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9
IP Configuration by DHCP .................................................................................... B-10
Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10
What is a Firewall? ................................................................................................ B-10
Stateful Packet Inspection ......................................................................................B-11
Denial of Service Attack .........................................................................................B-11
Wireless Networking .................................................................................................... B-12
x Contents
Wireless Network Configuration ............................................................................ B-12
Ad-hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup) ........................................................ B-12
Infrastructure Mode ........................................................................................ B-12
Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) ........................................................ B-13
Authentication and WEP Encryption ..................................................................... B-13
Wireless Channel Selection .................................................................................. B-14
Ethernet Cabling .......................................................................................................... B-15
Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables ................................................................ B-16
Cable Quality ......................................................................................................... B-16
Glossary
Index
xi
Figure 2-1. FR114P Front Panel ................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-2. FR114P Rear Panel .................................................................................2-4
Figure 4-1. Login window ...........................................................................................4-2
Figure 4-2. Browser-based configuration main menu ................................................4-3
Figure 4-3. Setup Wizard menu for Dynamic IP address ...........................................4-5
Figure 4-4. Setup Wizard menu for Fixed IP address ................................................4-6
Figure 4-5. Setup Wizard menu for PPPoE login accounts ........................................4-7
Figure 5-1. Logs menu ...............................................................................................5-2
Figure 5-2. Block Sites menu .....................................................................................5-5
Figure 5-3. Rules menu ..............................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-4. Rule example: A Local Public Web Server ..............................................5-9
Figure 5-5. Rule example: Videoconference from Restricted Addresses .................5-10
Figure 5-6. Rule example: Blocking Instant Messenger ...........................................5-11
Figure 5-7. Rules table with examples .....................................................................5-12
Figure 5-8. Services menu .......................................................................................5-14
Figure 5-9. Add Custom Service menu ....................................................................5-15
Figure 6-1. Wireless Settings menu ...........................................................................6-2
Figure 6-2. Wireless WEP menu ................................................................................6-4
Figure 6-3. Wireless Access menu .............................................................................6-5
Figure 8-1. System Status screen ..............................................................................8-1
Figure 8-2. Router Statistics screen ...........................................................................8-3
Figure 8-3. Attached Devices menu ...........................................................................8-4
Figure 8-4. Set Password menu .................................................................................8-5
Figure 8-5. Settings Backup menu .............................................................................8-6
Figure 8-6. Router Upgrade menu .............................................................................8-7
Figure 8-7. Diagnostics menu ....................................................................................8-8
Figure 9-1. Dynamic DNS menu ................................................................................9-2
Figure 9-2. LAN IP Setup Menu .................................................................................9-3
Figure 9-3. Static Routes Summary Table ..................................................................9-7
Figure 9-4. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu ............................................................9-7
Figure B-1. Three Main Address Classes .................................................................. B-3
Figure B-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................. B-5
Figure B-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................ B-8
xii
xiii
Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-3
Table 5-1. Log entry descriptions ..............................................................................5-3
Table 5-2. Log action buttons ....................................................................................5-3
Table 8-1. Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields .............................................................8-2
Table 8-2. Router Statistics Fields ...........................................................................8-3
Table B-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................. B-6
Table B-2. Netmask Formats .................................................................................... B-6
Table B-3. 802.11 Radio Frequency Channels ....................................................... B-14
Table B-4. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through ......................................... B-15
xiv
About This Guide xv
About This Guide
Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR
™
FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL
ProSafe Firewall. A firewall is a special type of router that incorporates features for security. The
NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall is a complete security solution that protects your network from
attacks and intrusions.
This guide describes the features of the firewall and provides installation and configuration
instructions.
Typographical Conventions
This guide uses the following typographical conventions:
italics Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names.
courier font Screen text, user-typed command-line entries.
Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names.
[Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation
[Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.
[Ctrl]+C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text
linked with a plus (+) sign.
ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names.
ReferenceManualfor the Model FR114P, FR114Wand FM114PCable/DSL ProSafe Firewall Family
xvi About This Guide
Special Message Formats
This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Technical Support
For help with any technical issues, contact Customer Support at 1-888-NETGEAR, or visit us on
the Web at www.NETGEAR.com. The NETGEAR Web site includes an extensive knowledge
base, answers to frequently asked questions, and a means for submitting technical questions
online.
Related Publications
As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further
information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet.
The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. The
documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www.ietf.org andaremirroredandindexedat
many other sites worldwide.
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Caution: This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent
equipment failure or loss of data.
Warning: This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or
equipment damage.
Danger: This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an
electrical shock if you mishandle the equipment.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
About This Guide xvii
For more information about address assignment, refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597, Address
Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address
Translator (NAT).
Introduction 1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL
ProSafe Firewalls.
About the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewalls
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall is a complete security solution that protects your network from
attacks and intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing routers that rely on NAT for security, the
NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall uses Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service (DoS) attack
protection and intrusion detection. The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall allows Internet access for up
to 253 users. The ProSafe Firewall family consists of these three products:
• FR114P Firewall with Print Server
• FR114W Wireless-Ready Firewall
• FM114P Wireless Firewall with Print Server
The FR114P and FM114P firewalls include a built-in print server, allowing the sharing of a printer
by all PCs on your network. The FM114P firewall includes an 802.11b-compliant wireless access
point, while the FR114W firewall can be upgraded to an access point by adding a NETGEAR
802.11b wireless adapter card.
Key Features
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewalls offer the following features.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
1-2 Introduction
A Powerful, True Firewall
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall is a true firewall,
using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
• Denial of Service (DoS) protection
Automatically detects and thwarts Denial of Service (DoS) attacks such as Ping of Death,
SYN Flood, LAND Attack and IP Spoofing.
• Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
• Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
• Logs security incidents
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic,
port scans, attacks, and administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to
you at specified intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert
messages to your email address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
Wireless Access Point
The FM114P firewall includes an 802.11b-compliant wireless access point, while the FR114W
firewall can be upgraded to an access point by adding a NETGEAR 802.11b wireless adapter card.
With an integrated wireless access point, the firewall provides continuous, high-speed 11 Mbps
access between your wireless and Ethernet devices. The access point provides:
• 802.11b Standards-based wireless networking at up to 11 Mbps
• 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption security
• WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase
• Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address
Integrated Print Server
The FR114P and FM114P NETGEAR ProSafe Firewalls include a built-in print server. A print
server eliminates the bottleneck of a dedicated always-on PC print server and supports multiple
print jobs simultaneously.
• Protocol Support
PTP (Peer-to-Peer) over TCP/IP for Windows
LPR printing for Windows, Macintosh, or Linux
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Introduction 1-3
• High-speed Parallel Port Connection
36 pin Centronics, bi-directional IEEE 1284 compliant (supports Nibble mode) with up to
1.5Mbps transfer rate
Content Filtering
With its content filtering feature, the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall prevents objectionable content
from reaching your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening
for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to
access objectional Internet sites.
Configurable Ethernet Connection
With its internal 4-port 10/100 switch, the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall can connect to either a 10
Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. The local LAN interface is
autosensing and is capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation. An uplink switch is provided
for cascading to an external Ethernet hub or switch.
Protocol Support
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
For further information about TCP/IP, refer to Appendix B, “Networks, Routing, and Firewall
Basics.”
• IP Address Sharing by NAT
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account
using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your
Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as Network Address Translation
(NAT), allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account.
• Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information,
including IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN
using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies
configuration of PCs on your local network.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
1-4 Introduction
• DNS Proxy
When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own
address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from
the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL
connection by simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login
program such as EnterNet or WinPOET on your PC.
•DynamicDNS
Dynamic DNS services allow remote users to find your network using a domain name when
your IP address is not permanently assigned. The firewall contains a client that can connect to
many popular Dynamic DNS services to register your dynamic IP address.
Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall within minutes after
connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management tasks:
• Browser-based management
Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any
type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup
Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web
Management Interface.
• Smart Wizard
The firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking you only for the
information required for your type of ISP account.
• Remote management
The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on
the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP
address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number.
• Diagnostic functions
The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote
reboot.
• Visual monitoring
The firewall’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Introduction 1-5
Maintenance and Support
NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the firewall:
• Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade
• Technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
1-6 Introduction
Setting Up the Hardware 2-1
Chapter 2
Setting Up the Hardware
This chapter describes the hardware installation of the FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL
ProSafe Firewalls.
Package Contents
The product package should contain the following items:
• FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
• AC power adapter
• Category 5 (CAT5) Ethernet cable
• Resource CD, including:
— This manual
— Installer for Print server driver (applies to FR114P or FM114P only)
— Application Notes, Tools, and other helpful information
• NETGEAR Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall Installation Guide (for each model)
• Warranty and registration card
• Support information card
If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the
carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the product for repair.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
2-2 Setting Up the Hardware
Local Network Hardware Requirements
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall is intended for use in a network of personal computers (PCs)
that are interconnected by twisted-pair Ethernet cables.
PC Requirements
To install and run the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall over your network of PCs, each PC must have
an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and an Ethernet cable. If the PC will connect
to your network at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 (CAT5) cable such as the cable provided
with your firewall.
Any PC that will connect to the firewall (FR114W and FM114P only) by a wireless connection
must have an 802.11b-compliant wireless adapter card.
Access Device Requirement
The shared broadband access device (cable modem or DSL modem) must provide a standard 10
Mbps (10BASE-T) Ethernet interface.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Setting Up the Hardware 2-3
The Firewall’s Front Panel
The front panel of the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall contains status LEDs. The FR114P front panel
is shown in Figure 2-1
Figure 2-1. FR114P Front Panel
You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on
the front panel of the firewall. These LEDs are green when lit, except for the TEST LED, which is
amber.
Table 2-1. LED Descriptions
Label Activity Description
POWER On Power is supplied to the firewall.
TEST On
Off
The system is initializing.
The system is ready and running.
PRINTER (These LEDs present only on FR114P and FM114P)
ACT Blinking Data is being transmitted or received by the Printer port.
ALERT On (Amber) The connected printer is offline, is out of paper, or has a paper
jam.
INTERNET
100 (100 Mbps) On
Off
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port.
LOCAL
100 (100 Mbps) On
Off
The Local port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Local port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Local port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Local port.
WLAN On The Wireless (WLAN) port is operating (FR114W and FM114P)
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
2-4 Setting Up the Hardware
The Firewall’s Rear Panel
The rear panel of the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall contains port connections. The FR114P
Firewall rear panel is shown in Figure 2-2
Figure 2-2. FR114P Rear Panel
The rear panel contains the following features:
• AC power adapter outlet
• Internet (WAN) Ethernet port for connecting the firewall to a cable or DSL modem
• Four Local (LAN) Ethernet ports for connecting the firewall to the local PCs
• Uplink switch for converting LAN port 4 to uplink (crossover) wiring
• Factory Default Reset pushbutton
• Parallel Printer port (FR114P and FM114P only)
• Wireless adapter slot (FR114W only)
• Wireless antenna (FM114P only)
Connecting the Firewall
Before using your firewall, you need to do the following:
• Connect your cable or DSL modem to the Internet port of the firewall (described next.
• Connect your local Ethernet network to the Local port(s) of the firewall (see page 2-5).
• Prepare your wireless devices.
• Install your wireless adapter card (FR114W only)
• Connect the power adapter (see page 2-6)
Note: The Resource CD included with your firewall contains an animated Connection Guide to
help you through this procedure.
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Setting Up the Hardware 2-5
Connecting to Your Internet Access Device
Your cable or DSL modem must provide a standard 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx Ethernet
connection (not USB) for connection to your PC or network. The FR114P Firewall does not
include a cable for this connection. Instead, use the Ethernet cable provided with your access
device or any other standard Ethernet cable. Follow these steps:
1. Locate the Ethernet cable currently going from your DSL or cable modem to the computer that
you use to access the Internet.
Note: You must use the existing cable to connect the modem to your firewall, not to connect
your PCs to your firewall. The Ethernet cable supplied by your ISP for connecting to your
cable or DSL modem may be an Ethernet crossover cable rather than a normal
straight-through cable.
2. Remove this cable from the computer and insert that end into the Internet port on the firewall.
3. Turn the cable or DSL modem off for ten seconds, then on again.
Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network
Your local area network (LAN) will attach to the firewall’s Local ports shown in Figure 2-2.The
Local ports are capable of operation at either 10 Mbps (10BASE-T) or 100 Mbps (100BASE-Tx),
depending on the Ethernet interface of the attached PC, hub, or switch. For any connection which
will operate at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 (CAT5) rated Ethernet cable, such as the
cable included with the firewall.
The FR114P Firewall incorporates a four-port switch for connection to your local network. Ports 1
through 3 are permanently configured for MDI-X wiring, for connection to a PC. Port 4 can be set
to MDI (Uplink) or MDI-X (Normal) by using the Normal/Uplink pushbutton switch.
Connect up to four PCs directly to any of the four Local ports of the firewall using standard
Ethernet cables such as the one included with your firewall. If a PC is connected to port 4, be sure
that the Normal/Uplink pushbutton switch is in the Normal position.
If your local network consists of more than four hosts, you will need to connect your firewall to
another hub or switch. In this case, connect port 4 of your firewall to any port of an Ethernet hub or
switch, and set the Normal/Uplink pushbutton switch to the Uplink position.
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2-6 Setting Up the Hardware
Preparing your Wireless Devices
For the FM114P Wireless Firewall with Print Server, rotate the antenna to a vertical position and
tighten the base.
Installing a Wireless Card in the FR114W
The FR114W Wireless-Ready Firewall can be upgraded to wireless operation by purchasing and
installing a NETGEAR Model MA401 802.11b Wireless PC Card. The FR114W will function
normally without a wireless adapter card, but will not have wireless connectivity. To install the
MA401 Wireless PC Card in your FR114W, follow these steps:
1. Locate the wireless adapter card slot on the rear panel.
2. Remove the rubber dust cover from the slot.
3. Slide the MA401 card into the slot with the card’s front label and LED facing up.
4. Be sure that the MA401 card is securely seated into the internal connector.
The blue plastic end cap of the MA401card should be outside of the FR114W’s case.
Initial Configuration of Your Wireless PCs
Detailed instructions on configuring your wireless devices for TCP/IP networking are provided in
the next chapter. However, if you already have a functioning wireless network and you wish to use
a wireless PC to initially configure the firewall, you will need to change the settings of that PC to
match the default settings of the firewall:
• The SSID should be Wireless (note the capitalization).
• WEP encryption is disabled.
• Your IP address must be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254, with a netmask of
255.255.255.0.
Connecting the Power Adapter
To connect the firewall to the power adapter:
1. Plug the connector of the power adapter into the power adapter outlet on the rear panel of the
firewall.
2. Plug the other end of the adapter into a standard wall outlet.
3. Verify that the Power LED on the firewall is lit.
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Setting Up the Hardware 2-7
Verifying Connections
After applying power to the firewall, complete the following steps to verify the connections to it:
1. When power is first applied, verify that the POWER LED is on.
2. Verify that the TEST LED turns on within a few seconds.
3. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that:
a. The TEST LED has turned off.
b. The LOCAL LINK/ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.
c. The INTERNET LINK/ACT LED is lit.
If a LINK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device.
4. If any port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED for that port is lit.
The firewall is now properly attached to the network. Next, you need to prepare your network to
access the Internet through the firewall. See the following chapter.
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2-8 Setting Up the Hardware
Preparing Your Network 3-1
Chapter 3
Preparing Your Network
This chapter describes how to prepare your PC network to connect to the Internet through the
FR114P, FR114W or FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall and how to order broadband Internet
service from an Internet service provider (ISP). .
Preparing Your Personal Computers for IP Networking
Personal Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). Each PC on your network must have TCP/IP installed and selected as
its networking protocol. If a Network Interface Card (NIC) is already installed in your PC, then
TCP/IP is probably already installed as well.
Note: In this chapter, we use the term “PC” to refer to personal computers in general, and not
necessarily Windows computers.
Most PC operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP/
IP:
• Windows
®
95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network.
• Windows 3.1 does not include a TCP/IP component. You need to purchase a third-party TCP/
IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon.
Note: If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of a broadband
modem, or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP, you may need to
copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your firewall.
Write down this information before reconfiguring your PCs. Refer to “Obtaining ISP
Configuration Information (Windows)”onpage 3-10 or “Obtaining ISP Configuration
Information (Macintosh)”onpage 3-11 for further information.
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3-2 Preparing Your Network
• Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a
TCP/IP network.
• All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP/IP components. Follow the instructions provided
with your operating system or networking software to install TCP/IP on your computer..
In your IP network, each PC and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses. Each PC
must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a
domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. In most cases, you should
install TCP/IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically
from a DHCP server during bootup. For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of
these configuration items, refer to “Appendix B, “Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics.”
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server. The firewall assigns
the following TCP/IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted:
• PC or workstation IP addresses—192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.254
• Subnet mask—255.255.255.0
• Gateway address (the firewall)—192.168.0.1
These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks.
Configuring Windows 95, 98, and ME for IP Networking
As part of the PC preparation process, you need to manually install and configure TCP/IP on each
networked PC. Before starting, locate your Windows CD; you may need to insert it during the
TCP/IP installation process.
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components
To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking:
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Network icon.
The Network window opens, which displays a list of installed components:
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Preparing Your Network 3-3
You must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks.
Ifyouneedtheadapter:
a. Click the Add button.
b. Select Adapter, and then click Add.
c. Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter, and then click OK.
If you need TCP/IP:
a. Click the Add button.
b. Select Protocol, and then click Add.
c. Select Microsoft.
Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the
Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft
Networks.
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3-4 Preparing Your Network
d. Select TCP/IP, and then click OK.
If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
a. Click the Add button.
b. Select Client, and then click Add.
c. Select Microsoft.
d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK.
3. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.
Assign TCP/IP configuration by DHCP
After the TCP/IP protocol components are installed, each PC must be assigned specific
information about itself and resources that are available on its network. The simplest way to
configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from the internal DHCP
server of the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall. To use DHCP with the recommended default
addresses, follow these steps:
1. Connect all PCs to the firewall, then restart the firewall and allow it to boot.
2. On each attached PC, open the Network control panel (refer to the previous section) and select
the Configuration tab.
3. From the components list, select TCP/IP->(your Ethernet adapter) and click Properties.
4. In the IP Address tab, select “Obtain an IP address automatically”.
5. Select the Gateway tab.
6. If any gateways are shown, remove them.
7. Click OK.
8. Restart the PC.
Repeat steps 2 through 8 for each PC on your network.
Selecting Internet Access Method
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Internet Options icon.
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Preparing Your Network 3-5
3. Select “I want to set up my Internet connection manually” or “I want to connect through a
Local Area Network” and click Next.
4. Select “I want to connect through a Local Area Network” and click Next.
5. Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next.
6. ProceedtotheendoftheWizard.
Verifying TCP/IP Properties
After your PC is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration using the
utility winipcfg.exe:
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK.
The IP Configuration window opens, which lists (among other things), your IP address, subnet
mask, and default gateway.
3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter.
The window is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are
using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends:
• The IP address is between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.254
• The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
• The default gateway is 192.168.0.1
Configuring Windows NT or 2000 for IP Networking
As part of the PC preparation process, you need to manually install and configure TCP/IP on each
networked PC. Before starting, locate your Windows CD; you may need to insert it during the
TCP/IP installation process.
Install or Verify Windows Networking Components
To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking:
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Network and Dialup Connections icon.
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3-6 Preparing Your Network
3. If an Ethernet adapter is present in your PC, you should see an entry for Local Area
Connection. Double-click that entry.
4. Select Properties.
5. Verify that ‘Client for Microsoft Networks’ and ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’ are present. If
not, select Install and add them.
6. Select ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’, click Properties, and verify that “Obtain an IP address
automatically is selected.
7. Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows.
8. Make sure your PC is connected to the firewall, then reboot your PC.
Verifying TCP/IP Properties
To check your PC’s TCP/IP configuration:
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
The Run window opens.
2. Type cmd and then click OK.
A command window opens
3. Type ipconfig /all
Your IP Configuration information will be listed, and should match the values below if you are
using the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends:
• The IP address is between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.254
• The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
• The default gateway is 192.168.0.1
4. Type exit
Configuring the Macintosh for IP Networking
Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7, TCP/IP is already installed on the Macintosh. On
each networked Macintosh, you will need to configure TCP/IP to use DHCP.
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Preparing Your Network 3-7
MacOS 8.6 or 9.x
1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
The TCP/IP Control Panel opens:
2. From the “Connect via” box, select your Macintosh’s Ethernet interface.
3. From the “Configure” box, select Using DHCP Server.
You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty.
4. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.
5. Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network.
MacOS X
1. From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences, then Network.
2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list.
3. If not already selected, Selct Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab.
4. Click Save.
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3-8 Preparing Your Network
Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh)
After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration by
returning to the TCP/IP Control Panel. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
The panel is updated to show your settings, which should match the values below if you are using
the default TCP/IP settings that NETGEAR recommends:
• The IP Address is between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.254
• The Subnet mask is 255.255.255.0
• The Router address is 192.168.0.1
If you do not see these values, you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch
the “Configure” setting to a different option, then back again to “Using DHCP Server”.
Your Internet Account
For access to the Internet, you need to contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a
single-user Internet access account using an external broadband access device such as a cable
modem or DSL modem. This modem must be a separate physical box (not a card) and must
provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a PC. Your
firewall does not support a USB-connected broadband modem.
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Preparing Your Network 3-9
For a single-user Internet account, your ISP supplies TCP/IP configuration information for one
PC. With a typical account, much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when
your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP, and you will not need to know that dynamic
information.
In order to share the Internet connection among several computers, your firewall takes the place of
the single PC, and you need to configure it with the TCP/IP information that the single PC would
normally use. When the firewall’s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem, the firewall
appears to be a single PC to the ISP. The firewall then allows the PCs on the local network to
masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem. The method
used by the firewall to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation (NAT) or IP
masquerading.
Login Protocols
Some ISPs require a special login protocol, in which you must enter a login name and password in
order to access the Internet. If you normally log in to your Internet account by running a program
such as WinPOET or EnterNet, then your account uses PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE).
When you configure your firewall, you will need to enter your login name and password in the
firewall’s configuration menus. After your network and firewall are configured, the firewall will
perform the login task when needed, and you will no longer need to run the login program from
your PC. It is not necessary to uninstall the login program.
Account Information
Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP, your ISP should give you the following
basic information for your account:
• An IP address and subnet mask
• A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP’s router
• One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses
• Host name and domain suffix
For example, your account’s full server names may look like this:
mail.xxx.yyy.com
In this example, the domain suffix is xxx.yyy.com.
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3-10 Preparing Your Network
If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP, your firewall automatically acquires
them. If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem, or
if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP, you need to copy configuration
information from your PC’s Network TCP/IP Properties window (or Macintosh TCP/IP Control
Panel) before reconfiguring your PC for use with the firewall. These procedures are described
next.
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Windows)
As mentioned above, you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you
can use this information when you configure the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall. Following this
procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information.
To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access:
1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Network icon.
The Network window opens, which displays a list of installed components.
3. Select TCP/IP, and then click Properties.
The TCP/IP Properties dialog box opens.
4. Select the IP Address tab.
If an IP address and subnet mask are shown, write down the information. If an address is
present, your account uses a fixed (static) IP address. If no address is present, your account
uses a dynamically-assigned IP address. Click “Obtain an IP address automatically”.
5. Select the Gateway tab.
If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways, write down the address. This is the ISP’s
gateway address. Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address.
6. Select the DNS Configuration tab.
If any DNS server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. If any information appears
in the Host or Domain information box, write it down. Click Disable DNS.
7. Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP/IP Properties dialog box.
You are returned to the Network window.
8. Click OK.
9. Reboot your PC at the prompt. You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD.
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Preparing Your Network 3-11
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information (Macintosh)
As mentioned above, you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so
that you can use this information when you configure the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall. Following
this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account
information.
To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access:
1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.
The TCP/IP Control Panel opens, which displays a list of configuration settings. If the
“Configure” setting is “Using DHCP Server”, your account uses a dynamically-assigned IP
address. In this case, close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section.
2. If an IP address and subnet mask are shown, write down the information.
3. If an IP address appears under Router address, write down the address. This is the ISP’s
gateway address.
4. If any Name Server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. These are your ISP’s DNS
addresses.
5. If any information appears in the Search domains information box, write it down.
6. Change the “Configure” setting to “Using DHCP Server”.
7. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.
Restarting the Network
Once you’ve set up your computers to work with the firewall, you must reset the network for the
devices to be able to communicate correctly.
1. Turn off the DSL or cable modem, wait 15 seconds, and then turn it on again
2. Turn off the firewall, and then turn it on again and wait until the Test light turns off.
3. Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall.
Note: If the modem doesn’t have an on/off switch, either pull the modem’s power adapter out of
the wall socket or power down the power strip.
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3-12 Preparing Your Network
Ready for Configuration
After configuring all of your PCs for TCP/IP networking and connecting them to the local network
of your NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall, you are ready to access and configure the firewall. Proceed
to the next chapter.
Basic Configuration 4-1
Chapter 4
Basic Configuration
This chapter describes how to perform the basic configuration of your FR114P, FR114W or
FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall using the Setup Wizard, which walks you through the
configuration process for your Internet connection.
Accessing the Web Configuration Manager
In order to use the browser-based Web Configuration Manager, your PC must have a web browser
program installed such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Because the
Configuration Manager uses Java, your Web browser must be Java-enabled and support HTTP
uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or Netscape Navigator
4.7 or above. Free browser programs are readily available for Windows, Macintosh, or UNIX/
Linux.
To configure for Internet access using your browser:
1. Connect your PC and firewall as described in the previous chapter.
Make sure your PC has been rebooted since connecting with the firewall.
2. Launch your web browser.
Note: If you normally use a login program (such as Enternet or WinPOET) to access the
Internet, do not launch that program.
3. Click your browser’s Stop button.
4. In the Address (or Location) box of your browser, type http://192.168.0.1 and press ENTER.
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4-2 Basic Configuration
A login window opens as shown in Figure 4-1 below:.
Figure 4-1. Login window
This screen may have a different appearance in other browsers.
5. Type admin in the User Name box, password in the Password box, and then click OK.
(If your firewall password was previously changed, enter the current password.)
If your firewall has not yet been configured, the Setup Wizard should launch automatically.
Otherwise, the main menu of the Web Configuration Manager will appear as shown in Figure 4-2
below:
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Basic Configuration 4-3
Figure 4-2. Browser-based configuration main menu
You can manually configure your firewall using this menu as described in “Manual Configuration“
on page 4-8, or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the
following chapter.
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4-4 Basic Configuration
Configuration using the Setup Wizard
The Web Configuration Manager contains a Setup Wizard that can automatically determine your
network connection type. If the Setup Wizard does not launch automatically, click on the Setup
Wizard heading in the upper left of the opening screen, shown in Figure 4-2.
When the Wizard launches, allow the firewall to automatically determine your connection type by
selecting Yes in the menu below and clicking Next:
The Setup Wizard will now check for a connection on the Internet port. If the Setup Wizard
determines that there is no connection to the Internet port, you will be prompted to check the
physical connection between your firewall and cable or DSL modem. When the connection is
properly made, the firewall’s Internet LED should be on.
Next, the Setup Wizard will attempt to determine which of the following connection types
your Internet service account uses:
• Dynamic IP assignment
• Fixed IP address assignment
• A login protocol such as PPPoE
The Setup Wizard will report which connection type it has discovered, and it will then use the
appropriate configuration menu for that connection type.
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Basic Configuration 4-5
Configuring for Dynamic IP Account
If the Setup Wizard determines that your Internet service account uses Dynamic IP assignment,
you will be directed to the menu shown in Figure 4-3 below:
Figure 4-3. Setup Wizard menu for Dynamic IP address
1. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These
parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. If you
leave the Domain Name field blank, the firewall will attempt to learn the domain
automatically from the ISP. If this is not successful, you may need to enter it manually.
2. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically
transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter
the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is
available, enter it also.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www
addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or
two DNS servers to your firewall during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you
must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you
should reboot your PCs after configuring the firewall.
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4-6 Basic Configuration
3. Router’s MAC Address: This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used
by the firewall on the Internet port. If your ISP allows access by only one specific PC’s
Ethernet MAC address, select "Use this MAC address". The firewall will then capture and use
the MAC address of the PC that you are now using. You must be using the one PC that is
allowedbytheISP.
Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your
PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from the MAC
address of that PC. This feature allows your firewall to masquerade as that PC by using its
MAC address.
4. ClickonApply,thenproceedto“Completing the Configuration“ on page 4-9.
Configuring for Fixed IP Account
If the Setup Wizard determines that your Internet service account uses Fixed IP assignment, you
will be directed to the menu shown in Figure 4-4 below:
Figure 4-4. Setup Wizard menu for Fixed IP address
1.
Enter your assigned IP Address, Subnet Mask, and the IP Address of your ISP’s gateway
router. This information should have been provided to you by your ISP.
2. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically
transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter
the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is
available, enter it also.
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Basic Configuration 4-7
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www
addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or
two DNS servers to your firewall during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you
must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you
should reboot your PCs after configuring the firewall.
3. ClickonApply,thenproceedto“Completing the Configuration“ on page 4-9.
Configuring for an Account with Login
If the Setup Wizard determines that your Internet service account uses a login protocol such as
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), you will be directed to a menu like the PPPoE menu shown in
Figure 4-5 below:
Figure 4-5. Setup Wizard menu for PPPoE login accounts
1.
Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These
parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers. If you
leave the Domain Name field blank, the firewall will attempt to learn the domain
automatically from the ISP. If this is not successful, you may need to enter it manually.
2. Enter the PPPoE login user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are case
sensitive. If you wish to change the login timeout, enter a new value in minutes.
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4-8 Basic Configuration
Note: You will no longer need to launch the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access
the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your firewall will automatically log you
in.
3. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically
transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter
the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is
available, enter it also.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www
addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or
two DNS servers to your firewall during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you
must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you
should reboot your PCs after configuring the firewall.
4. ClickonApply,thenproceedto“Completing the Configuration“ on page 4-9.
Manual Configuration
You can manually configure the firewall in the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 4-2 using
these steps:
1. Select whether your Internet connection requires a login.
Select ‘Yes’ if you normally must launch a login program such as EnterNet or WinPOET in
order to access the Internet.
2. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These
parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers.
3. (If displayed) Enter the PPPoE login user name and password provided by your ISP. These
fields are case sensitive. If you wish to change the login timeout, enter a new value in minutes.
Note: You will no longer need to launch the ISP’s login program on your PC in order to access
the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your firewall will automatically log you
in.
4. Internet IP Address: If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for
your PC, select “Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter
the netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gateway is the ISP’s router to which your
firewall will connect.
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Basic Configuration 4-9
5. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically
transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter
the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is
available, enter it also.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www
addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or
two DNS servers to your firewall during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you
must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you
should reboot your PCs after configuring the firewall.
6. Router’s MAC Address: This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used
by the firewall on the Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the
network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only
accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your firewall to
masquerade as that PC by “cloning” its MAC address.
To change the MAC address, select "Use this Computer’s MAC address". The firewall will
then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using. You must be using
the one PC that is allowed by the ISP.
7. Click Apply, then proceed to Completing the Configuration.
Completing the Configuration
Click on the Test button to test your Internet connection. If the NETGEAR website does not
appear within one minute, refer to Chapter 10, “Troubleshooting”.
Your firewall is now configured to provide Internet access for your network. When your firewall
and PCs are configured correctly, your firewall automatically accesses the Internet when one of
your LAN devices requires access.
To access the Internet from any PC connected to your firewall, launch a browser such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. You should see the firewall’s Internet LED blink,
indicating communication to the ISP. The browser should begin to display a Web page.
Note: After your firewall has been configured, it will not be necessary to run a dialer or
login application such as Dial-Up Networking, EnterNet, or WinPOET to connect, log
in, or disconnect. These functions will be performed by the firewall as needed. Any such
login software installed on your PC can be disabled or uninstalled.
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4-10 Basic Configuration
The following chapters describe how to configure the Advanced features of your firewall, and how
to troubleshoot problems that may occur.
Security 5-1
Chapter 5
Security
This chapter describes how to use the security features of your FR114P, FR114W or FM114P
Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall. The firewall provides you with selective blocking of inbound and
outbound services, Web content filtering by keyword, and with security incident logging. You can
configure the firewall to e-mail its log to you at specified intervals. You can also configure the
firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail address or e-mail pager whenever a
significant security event occurs.
To configure these features of your firewall, click on the subheadings under the Security heading
in the Main Menu of the browser interface.
What is a Firewall
A firewall is a special category of router that protects one network (the “trusted” network, such as
your LAN) from another (the “untrusted” network, such as the Internet), while allowing
communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of a NAT (Network
Address Translation) router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack,
and for controlling the types of traffic that can flow between the two networks. Unlike simple
Internet sharing NAT routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to protect
your network from attacks and intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that
it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true Stateful
Packet Inspection goes far beyond NAT.
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5-2 Security
Security Log
The firewall will log security-related events such as denied incoming and outgoing service
requests, hacker probes, and administrator logins. If you enable content filtering in the Block Sites
menu, the Log page will also show you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked
site. If you enabled e-mail notification, you'll receive these logs in an e-mail message. If you don't
have e-mail notification enabled, you can view the logs here. An example is shown in Figure 5-1:
Figure 5-1. Logs menu
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Security 5-3
Log entries are described in Table 5-1
Log action buttons are described in Table 5-2
Table 5-1. Log entry descriptions
Field Description
Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded.
Description or
Action
The type of event and what action was taken if any.
Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry.
Source port and
interface
The service port number of the initiating device, and whether it
originated from the LAN or WAN
Destination The name or IP address of the destination device or website.
Destination port
and interface
The service port number of the destination device, and whether
it’s on the LAN or WAN.
Table 5-2. Log action buttons
Field Description
Refresh Click this button to refresh the log screen.
Clear Log Click this button to clear the log entries.
Send Log
Click this button to email the log immediately.
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5-4 Security
Examples of log messages
Following are examples of log messages. In all cases, the log entry shows the timestamp as: Day,
Year-Month-Date Hour:Minute:Second
Activation and Administration
Tue, 2002-05-21 18:48:39 - NETGEAR activated
[This entry indicates a power-up or reboot with initial time entry.]
Tue, 2002-05-21 18:53:28 - Administrator login failed - IP:192.168.0.2
Tue, 2002-05-21 18:55:00 - Administrator login successful - IP:192.168.0.2
Thu, 2002-05-21 18:56:58 - Administrator logout - IP:192.168.0.2
[This entry shows an administrator logging in and logging out of the firewall from IP address
192.168.0.2.]
Tue, 2002-05-21 19:00:06 - Login screen timed out - IP:192.168.0.2
[This entry shows a timout of the administrator login.]
Wed, 2002-05-22 22:00:19 - Log emailed
[This entry shows when the log was emailed.]
Dropped Packets
Wed, 2002-05-22 07:15:15 - TCP packet dropped - Source:64.12.47.28,4787,WAN -
Destination:134.177.0.11,21,LAN - [Inbound Default rule match]
Sun, 2002-05-22 12:50:33 - UDP packet dropped - Source:64.12.47.28,10714,WAN -
Destination:134.177.0.11,6970,LAN - [Inbound Default rule match]
Sun, 2002-05-22 21:02:53 - ICMP packet dropped - Source:64.12.47.28,0,WAN -
Destination:134.177.0.11,0,LAN - [Inbound Default rule match]
[These entries show an inbound FTP (port 21) packet, UDP packet, and ICMP packet being
dropped as a result of the default inbound rule, which states that all inbound packets are
denied.]
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Security 5-5
Block Sites
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web
address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Keyword Blocking
menu is shown in Figure 5-2:
Figure 5-2. Block Sites menu
To enable keyword blocking, check “Turn keyword blocking on”, then click Apply.
To add a keyword or domain, type it in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply.
To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply.
Keyword application examples:
• If the keyword "XXX" is specified, the URL <http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html> is blocked.
• If the keyword “.com” is specified, only websites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or
.gov) can be viewed.
• If you wish to block all Internet browsing access, enter the keyword “.”.
To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC’s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply.
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5-6 Security
You may specify one Trusted User, which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and
logging. Since the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address, you should configure that
PC with a fixed or reserved IP address.
Rules
Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other.
Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing
only specific outside users to access specific resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine
what outside resources local users can have access to.
A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of
the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall are:
• Inbound: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side.
• Outbound: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside.
These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu in Figure 5-3:
Figure 5-3. Rules menu
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Security 5-7
You may define additional rules that will specify exceptions to the default rules. By adding custom
rules, you can block or allow access based on the service or application, source or destination IP
addresses, and time of day. You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the
rule you have defined.
To create a new rule, click the Add button.
To edit an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Edit.
To delete an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Delete.
To move an exisiting rule to a different position in the table, select its button on the left side of the
table and click Move. At the script prompt, enter the number of the desired new position and click
OK.
An example of the menu for defining or editing a rule is shown in Figure 5-4. The parameters are:
•Service
From this list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list already
displays many common services, but you are not limited to these choices. Use the Services
menu to add any additional services or applications that do not already appear.
• Action
Choose how you would like this type of traffic to be handled. You can block or allow always,
or you can choose to block or allow according to the schedule you have defined in the
Schedule menu.
• Source Address
Specify traffic originating on the LAN (outbound) or the WAN (inbound), and choose whether
you would like the traffic to be restricted by source IP address. You can select Any, a Single
address, or a Range. If you select a range of addresses, enter the range in the start and finish
boxes. If you select a single address, enter it in the start box.
• Destination Address
The Destination Address will be assumed to be from the opposite (LAN or WAN) of the
Source Address. As with the Source Address, you can select Any, a Single address, or a Range
unless NAT is enabled and the destination is the LAN. In that case, you must enter a Single
LAN address in the start box.
•Log
You can select whether the traffic will be logged. The choices are:
• Never - no log entries will be made for this service.
• Always - any traffic for this service type will be logged.
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5-8 Security
• Match - traffic of this type which matches the parameters and action will be logged.
• Not match - traffic of this type which does not match the parameters and action will be
logged.
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding)
Because the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall uses Network Address Translation (NAT), your network
presents only one IP address to the Internet, and outside users cannot directly address any of your
local computers. However, by defining an inbound rule you can can make a local server (for
example, a web server or game server) visible and available to the Internet. The rule tells the
firewall to direct inbound traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination
port number. This is also known as port forwarding. .
Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your firewall. Only enable those ports
that are necessary for your network. Following are two application examples of inbound rules:
Note: Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically
check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at
your location. If you are unsure, refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP.
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Security 5-9
Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server
If you host a public web server on your local network, you can define a rule to allow inbound web
(HTTP) requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your web server at any time of
day. This rule is shown in Figure 5-4:
Figure 5-4. Rule example: A Local Public Web Server
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5-10 Security
Inbound Rule Example: Allowing Videoconference from Restricted Addresses
If you want to allow incoming videoconferencing to be initiated from a restricted range of outside
IP addresses, such as from a branch office, you can create an inbound rule. In the example shown
in Figure 5-5, CU-SeeMe connections are allowed only from a specified range of external IP
addresses. In this case, we have also specified logging of any incoming CU-SeeMe requests that
do not match the allowed parameters.
Figure 5-5. Rule example: Videoconference from Restricted Addresses
Considerations for Inbound Rules:
• If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change
periodically as the DHCP lease expires. Consider using the Dyamic DNS feature in the
Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network.
• If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is
rebooted. To avoid this, use the Reserved IP address feature in the LAN IP menu to keep the
PC’s IP address constant.
• Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs’ local LAN address (192.168.0.99 in this
example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external WAN IP address will
fail.
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Security 5-11
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking)
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs
on your network. This is called service blocking or port filtering. You can define an outbound rule
to block Internet access from a local PC based on:
• the IP address of the local PC (source address)
• the IP address of the Internet site being contacted (destination address)
• the time of day
• the type of service being requested (service port number)
Following is an application example of outbound rules:
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger
If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours, you can create
an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address
according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu. You can also have the
firewall log any attempt to use Instant Messenger during that blocked period.
Figure 5-6. Rule example: Blocking Instant Messenger
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5-12 Security
Order of Precedence for Rules
As you define new rules, they are added to the tables in the Rules menu, as shown in Figure 5-7:
Figure 5-7. Rules table with examples
For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall, the packet information is subjected to the
rules in the order shown in the Rules Table, beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules
at the bottom. In some cases, the order of precedence of two or more rules may be important in
determining the disposition of a packet. The Move button allows you to relocate a defined rule to a
new position in the table.
Default DMZ Server
Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a
response to one of your local computers or a service for which you have configured an inbound
rule. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network.
This computer is called the Default DMZ Server.
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Security 5-13
The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing
applications that are incompatible with NAT. The firewall is programmed to recognize some of
these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not
function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address
is entered as the Default DMZ Server..
To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server:
1. Click Default DMZ Server.
2. Type the IP address for that server.
3. Click Apply.
Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port
If you want the firewall to respond to a 'ping' from the Internet, click the ‘Respond to Ping on
Internet WAN Port’ check box. This should only be used as a diagnostic tool, since it allows your
firewall to be discovered. Don't check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so.
Note: For security, NETGEAR strongly recommends that you avoid using the Default
DMZ Server feature. When a computer is designated as the Default DMZ Server, it loses
much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to many exploits from the Internet.
If compromised, the computer can be used to attack your network.
Note: In this application, the use of the term ‘DMZ’ has become common, although it is
a misnomer. In traditional firewalls, a DMZ is actually a separate physical network port.
A true DMZ port is for connecting servers that require greater access from the outside,
and will therefore be provided with a different level of security by the firewall. A better
term for our application is Exposed Host.
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5-14 Security
Services
Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers. For
example, Web servers serve web pages, time servers serve time and date information, and game
hosts serve data about other players’ moves. When a computer on the Internet sends a request for
service to a server computer, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This
number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet
that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request.
The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, “Assigned Numbers.” Service numbers for other
applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application.
Although the NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall already holds a list of many service port numbers, you
are not limited to these choices. Use the Services menu to add additional services and applications
to the list for use in defining firewall rules. The Services menu shows a list of services that you
have defined, as shown in Figure 5-8:
Figure 5-8. Services menu
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Security 5-15
To define a new service, first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used
by the application. This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the
application or from user groups of newsgroups. When you have the port number information, go
the the Services menu and click on the Add Custom Service button. The Add Services menu will
appear, as shown in Figure 5-9:
Figure 5-9. Add Custom Service menu
To add a service,
1. Enter a descriptive name for the service so that you will remember what it is.
2. Select whether the service uses TCP or UDP as its transport protocol.
If you can’t determine which is used, select both.
3. Enter the lowest port number used by the service.
4. Enter the highest port number used by the service.
If the service only uses a single port number, enter the same number in both fields.
5. Click Apply.
The new service will now appear in the Services menu, and in the Service name selection box in
the Rules menu.
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5-16 Security
Schedule
If you enabled content filtering in the Block Sites menu, or if you defined an outbound rule to use
a schedule, you can set up a schedule for when blocking occurs or when access is restricted. The
firewall allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced by configuring the Schedule tab
shown below:
To block keywords or Internet domains based on a schedule:
1. Select Every Day or select one or more days.
2. If you want to limit access completely for the selected days, select All Day.
Otherwise, If you want to limit access during certain times for the selected days, type a Start
Blocking time and an End Blocking time.
Note: Note: Enter the values as 24-hour time. For example, 10:30 am would be 10 hours and
30 minutes and 10:30 pm would be 22 hours and 30 minutes.
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Security 5-17
3. Click Apply
Time Zone
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current
time and date from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. In order to localize the
time for your log entries, you must select your Time Zone from the list.
If your region uses Daylight Savings Time, you must manually check Adjust for Daylight Savings
Time at the beginning of the Daylight Savings Time, and uncheck it at the end. Enabling Daylight
Savings Time will cause one hour to be added to the standard time.
The firewall has a list of publicly available NTP servers. If you would prefer to use a particular
NTP server as the primary server, enter its IP address under Use this NTP Server.
Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu.
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5-18 Security
E-Mail
In order to receive logs and alerts by e-mail, you must provide your e-mail information in the
E-Mail subheading:
• Turn e-mail notification on
Check this box if you wish to receive e-mail logs and alerts from the firewall.
• Your outgoing mail server
Enter the name or IP address of your ISP’s outgoing (SMTP) mail server (such as
mail.myISP.com). You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your
e-mail program. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via e-mail.
• Sendtothise-mailaddress
Enter the e-mail address to which logs and alerts are sent. This e-mail address will also be used
as the From address. If you leave this box blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via
e-mail.
You can specify that logs are immediately sent to the specified e-mail address when any of the
following events occur:
• If a Denial of Service attack is detected
• If a Port Scan is detected
• If a user on your LAN attempts to access a website that you blocked using Keyword blocking.
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Security 5-19
You can specify that logs are sent to you according to a schedule. Select whether you would like to
receive the logs Hourly, Daily, Weekly, or When Full. Depending on your selection, you may also
need to specify:
– Day for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.
– Time for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly.
If the Weekly, Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log fills up before the specified
period, the log is automatically e-mailed to the specified e-mail address. After the log is sent,
the log is cleared from the firewall’s memory. If the firewall cannot e-mail the log file, the log
buffer may fill up. In this case, the firewall overwrites the log and discards its contents.
Be sure to click Apply when you have finished configuring this menu.
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Wireless 6-1
Chapter 6
Wireless
This chapter describes how to configure the Wireless networking features of your FR114W
Wireless-Ready Firewall or FM114P Wireless Firewall with Print Server. This chapter does not
apply to the FR114P Firewall with Print Server.
The FR114W Wireless-Ready Firewall can be upgraded to wireless operation by purchasing and
installing a NETGEAR Model MA401 802.11b Wireless PC Card. For instructions on upgrading
the FR114W, refer to “Installing a Wireless Card in the FR114W“ on page 2-6.
Note: If you are configuring the firewall from a wireless PC and you change the
firewall’s SSID, channel, or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when
you click on Apply. You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the
firewall’s new settings.
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6-2 Wireless
Wireless Settings
To configure the Wireless interface of your firewall, click on the Wireless heading in the Main
Menu of the browser interface. The Wireless Settings menu will appear, as shown in Figure 6-1:
Figure 6-1. Wireless Settings menu
Identification
In the Identification section are the following parameters:
• Regulatory Domain
This field displays the region of operation for which the wireless interface is intended. It may
not be legal to operate the firewall in a region other than the region shown here.
•StationName
This is the Account Name that was defined in the Basic Settings menu. Some Wireless status
screens may display this name as the Access Point in use.
• SSID (Service Set ID)
Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The same SSID must be assigned to all
wireless devices in your network. The default SSID is Wireless, but NETGEAR strongly
recommends that you change your network’s SSID to a different value.
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Wireless 6-3
Options
Channel Number
This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should not be necessary to change
the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point.
The default wireless channel is 10.
WEP Status
This field displays the current WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) setting. To enable WEP or change
the encryption level or keys, click the Configure WEP button and follow the instructions in
“Configuring WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)“ on page 6-4.
Access Point
For increased security, you can restrict access to the wireless network to only allow specific PCs,
based on their MAC addresses. You can allow access by:
• Everyone
In this case, the firewall will allow access to any PC with the correct SSID.
• Trusted PCs only
In this case, the firewall will authenticate each wireless PC by SSID and by MAC address,
using the list of MAC addresses you have entered. To specify the allowed MAC addresses,
click the Trusted PCs button and follow the instructions in “Restricting Wireless Access by
MAC Address“ on page 6-5.
Be sure to click Apply to save any settings from this menu.
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6-4 Wireless
Configuring WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
From the Wireless menu, click the Configure WEP button to display the Wireless WEP menu,
shown in Figure 6-2:
Figure 6-2. Wireless WEP menu
Authentication Type
Normally this can be left at the default value of "Automatic". If that fails, select the appropriate
value - "Open System" or "Shared Key". Check your Wireless card's documentation to see what
method to use.
Encryption
Select the WEP Encryption level:
• Off - no data encryption (Open System)
• 64-bit (sometimes called 40-bit) encryption
• 128-bit encryption
Keys
If WEP is enabled, you can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys.
These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network.
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Wireless 6-5
• Manual - Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or A-F)
• Automatic - Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the
Generate Keys button.
Default Key
Select which of the four keys will be active.
Be sure to click Apply to save any settings from this menu.
Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address
For increased security, you can restrict access to the wireless network to only allow specific PCs,
based on their MAC addresses. From the Wireless menu, click the Trusted PCs button to display
the Wireless Access menu, shown in Figure 6-3:
Figure 6-3. Wireless Access menu
The Trusted PCs window displays a list of MAC addresses that will be allowed to connect to the
firewall. These PCs must also have the correct SSID and WEP settings. To restrict access based on
MAC addresses:
1. Select “Trusted PCs only” in the Wireless Settings menu, then click Apply.
2. Click the “Trusted PCs” button to go to the Wireless Access menu.
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3. Obtain the Ethernet MAC address of the wireless interface card of each authorized PC.
This address is usually printed on the card itself, or it may appear in the router’s DHCP table.
4. Enter each MAC address into the Wireless Adapter Address box, then click Add.
To delete a MAC address from the table, click on it to select it, then click the Delete button.
Additional Notes
Security
Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can extend beyond your walls and
can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, NETGEAR strongly
recommends that you make use of the security features of your wireless equipment. As a minimum
security precaution, you should change the SSID setting of all devices on your network from the
factory setting to a unique password. Restricting access by MAC address filtering adds another
obstacle against unwanted hosts joining your network.
If your wireless PCs need Internet access but don’t require access to your private wired network,
disable bridging between the wireless and wired PCs
To hinder a determined eavesdropper, you should enable Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data
encryption. However, there may be a significant degradation of the data throughput on the wireless
link when WEP is enabled.
For further information on wireless networking, refer to “Wireless Networking”inAppendix B,
“Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics.”
Placement and Range
The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the
physical placement of the wireless firewall. For best results, place your firewall:
• near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate,
• inanelevatedlocationsuchasahighshelf,
• away from potential sources of interference, such as PCs, microwaves, and cordless phones,
• away from large metal surfaces.
Print Server 7-1
Chapter 7
Print Server
This chapter describes how to install and configure the print server in your FR114P Firewall with
Print Server or FM114P Wireless Firewall with Print Server. This chapter does not apply to the
FR114W Wireless-Ready Firewall.
Network Printing from Windows
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall supports two methods for printing from Windows:
• Print Port Driver
After installing the Print Port Driver, Windows users can print directly to the firewall. Print
jobs are spooled (queued) on each PC. The supplied Print Port Driver supports Windows 95/
98/ME, NT4.0, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
• LPD/LPR Printing
If using Windows NT 4.0 Server or Windows 2000 Server, LPD/LPR printing can be used. No
software needs to be installed on either the Windows Server or each client PC. Print jobs will
be spooled (queued) on the Windows Server, and can be managed using the standard Windows
Server tools.
Installing the PTP Driver
The following procedure is for all versions of Windows (95/98/ME, NT4.0, 2000, XP). The
Windows ‘Add Printer’ screens will vary depending on your version or Windows, but the
procedure is the same:
1. Make sure that the printer is ON and connected to the firewall’s printer port.
2. Insert the supplied CD-ROM into your drive. If the setup program does not start automatically,
run SETUP.EXE in the root folder.
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3. Scroll down to the Drivers section and click on FR114P Print Server driver for Windows.
4. When asked, select ‘Run this program from its current location’.
5. Follow the steps to install the Print Server driver.
6. When the installation is finished, make sure the ‘Run Print Port Setup now’ checkbox is
checked, and click Finish.
7. The Print Port Setup will then run, and the following screen will be displayed:
The screen should show your firewall and printer.
8. Click on the Port 1 symbol, and then click the Add button.
Note: Under Windows95, you may receive an error message stating that SETUPAPI.DLL was
not found. In this case, you should either upgrade your Internet Explorer to version 5 or later,
or consult the Print Server Troubleshooting section in this chapter.
9. A pop-up message will inform you if the port has been created successfully, and then the
Windows Add Printer wizard will start.
a. Click Next to browse for your printer on the network.
b. Select the correct Printer Manufacturer and Model, or use the ‘Have Disk’ option if
appropriate.
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c. If desired, change the Printer name to be more descriptive (such as DeskJet on
PrintServer)
d. If prompted about Sharing, do NOT enable Sharing.
10. Installation is now complete. You can now print using this printer.
To make changes later, use the Start menu to run this program. The default installation is Start ->
Programs -> NETGEAR Firewall Print Server -> Add Port.
Printer Management
• Using PTP printing, print jobs can be managed in the same manner as any Windows printer.
Open the Printers folder (Start -> Settings -> Printers) and double-click any printer to see the
current print jobs.
• If the printer attached to the firewall is changed, run the ‘Add Port’ program again and select
the new printer.
• To delete a port created by this setup program, use the ‘Windows Delete Port’ facility:
a. Right-click any printer in the Printers folder, and select Properties.
b. Locate the Delete Port button. This button is on either the Details or Ports tab, depending
on your version of Windows.
Port Options
The options for the Print Port Driver are accessed via the Windows Port Settings button.
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Use Start -> Settings -> Printers to open the Printers folder, then right-click the Printer and select
Properties. The Port Settings button is on either the Details or Port tab, depending on your version
of Windows. An example screen is shown below:
Items shown on this screen are as follows:
•Port
If desired, click Browse to select a different device. The ‘Select Device Port’ button supports
multi-port models, but the firewall is a single-port print server. The Port Name is shown in the
Printer's Properties.
• Banner
Check this option to print a banner page before each print job. The User Name will be printed
on the banner page. If using a PostScript Printer, check the PostScript box.
• Retry Interval
Determines how often Windows will poll the print server to establish a connection when the
printer is busy.
LPD/LPR Printing from Windows
LPD/LPR printing is supported by Windows NT 4.0 Server and Windows 2000/XP. No software
needs to be installed on the client PCs. Third-party drivers are available for earlier versions of
Windows.
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Print Server 7-5
Windows NT 4.0 Server Configuration
To use LPD printing, Microsoft TCP/IP Printing must be installed and enabled. This can be
checked using Start-Settings-Control Panel-Network - Services.
To configure your NT 4.0 Server for LPD printing, follow this procedure:
1. Go to Start->Settings->Printers and launch the Add Printer wizard.
2. When prompted with ‘This printer will be managed by..’, select My Computer and click Next.
3. Select Add Port, then select LPR Port and click New Port.
4. In the Dialog requesting ‘Name or Address of server providing lpd’, enter the IP address of the
FR114P Firewall.
5. For Name of printer or print queue on that server, enter L1.
6. Click OK. When returned to the Printer Ports window, select Close and then install your
printer driver as usual.
7. When prompted about Sharing, select the Sharing button.
8. In the Shared dialog box, enter the shared printer name. The shared name is how other users
will see this printer. You should advise client PCs of the Server name and this printer name.
9. Click OK to save and exit.
Windows 2000 Server Configuration
The LPD/LPR Port is not enabled by default. To enable it, use this procedure:
1. In Control Panel, select Add/Remove Programs, then Windows Components.
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2. Select Other Network File and Print Services, then click the Details button.
3. Enable Print Services for Unix, then click OK.
4. Click Next and complete the Wizard.
Adding the Printer:
1. Open your Printers folder, and start the Add Printer Wizard.
2. When prompted, select Local Printer.
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3. In the Select the Printer Port screen, select LPR Port, as shown below. Click Next to continue.
4. In the Dialog requesting ‘Name or Address of server providing lpd’, enter the IP address of the
FR114P Firewall.
5. For Name of printer or print queue on that server, enter L1.
6. Click OK, then Next, and continue the Wizard.
7. At the Select Sharing screen, select the button for Share As, and enter the shared printer name.
The shared name is how other users will see this printer. You should advise client PCs of the
Server name and this printer name.
8. Complete the Add Printer wizard.
Client PC Setup for LPD/LPR Printing
After configuring the Windows Server, client PCs on the LAN can install the new printer.
The following procedure is for Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT4.0, and Windows 2000
workstation.
1. From Start -> Settings, open the Printers folder, and start the Add Printer Wizard.
2. When prompted, select Network Printer.
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3. When prompted for Network Path or Queue Name, click the Browse button, and locate the
Server and Printer that your Network Administrator advised you to use.
4. Click OK, then Next.
5. Select the correct printer Manufacturer and Model, then click Next.
6. Follow the prompts to complete the Wizard.
7. The new printer will be listed with any other installed printers, and may be selected when
printing from any Windows application.
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Network Printing from the Macintosh
Macintosh computers can connect to a TCP/IP network printer using the Line Printer Remote
(LPR) protocol. LPR printing can be set up on any Macintosh that has Desktop Printing installed
or available. Desktop Printing is supported on MacOS versions beginning from 8.1. LaserWriter8
version 8.5.1 or higher is also required.
MacOS 8 or 9 Configuration
To configure the Macintosh to use the print server, follow these steps:
1. From the Apple Extras folder, under Apple LaserWriter Software, launch the Desktop Printing
Utility.
A new window titled New Desktop Printer will appear.
2. Select LaserWriter 8 in the ‘With’ drop-down menu.
3. Select Printer (LPR) and click OK.
A new window titled Untitled 1 will open.
4. If the PostScript Printer Description does not match your printer, click Change... and select
your actual printer.
If your printer model does not appear, click the Generic button.
5. ClickOKtoreturntotheUntitled1window.
6. In the LPR Printer Selection box, click Change...
7. In the Printer Address field, type the name or IP address of the firewall.
The IP address will usually be 192.168.0.1.
You can leave the Queue Name blank.
8. Click Verify to make sure your computer can see the printer.
You should see the IP address displayed above the button. If no IP address appears, check that
you have correctly typed the queue name or IP Address.
9. ClickOKtoreturntotheUntitled1window.
10. At the bottom of the Untitled 1 dialog box, click ‘Create...’.
11. When prompted, rename the printer with a descriptive name and click Save.
A printer icon should now appear on your desktop.
12. Quit the Desktop Printer Utility.
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MacOS X Configuration
To configure the Macintosh to use the print server, follow these steps:
1. Activate the Print Center.
2. Select Printers from the menu bar.
3. Click ‘Add Printer’ from the Printers drop-down menu.
4. Choose the ‘LPR Printers using IP’ option, and enter the following items:
a. LPR Printer’s Address
Enter the firewall’s LAN IP address (usually 192.168.0.1).
b. Check ‘Use default Queue on Server’.
c. Select the Printer Model that is connected to the firewall’s printer port.
5. Click Add to add this printer.
Network Printing from Linux
Linux, FreeBSD, and other similar operating systems can use the Line Printer Remote (LPR)
protocol to connect to the network print server. Because of variations in the configuration
environments for these operating systems, please refer to your operating system documentation for
information on configuring for LPR printing.
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall’s print server supports graphics mode printing.
Troubleshooting the Print Server
When I tried to install the Printer Driver for Peer-to-Peer printing, I received an error message
and the installation was aborted.
This may be caused by an existing installation of the printer port software. Before attempting
another installation, remove the existing installation and restart your PC.
To remove an existing printer port installation:
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a. Open Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Add/Remove Programs.
b. Look for an entry with a name like “NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall Router”, “NETGEAR
Print Server”, "Print Server Driver" or "Print Server Port".
c. Select this item, click Add/Remove, and confirm the deletion.
I am using Windows 95. The Printer Driver installed and ran, but when I selected a port and
clicked Add, the printer was not installed.
Try installing the printer using the standard Windows tools, as follows:
a. From Start -> Settings, open the Printers folder, and start the Add Printer Wizard.
b. When prompted, select Network Printer and click Next.
c. For Network Path or Queue, enter a dummy value such as \\123, as shown below.
Select NO for "Do you print for MS-DOS programs?".
d. The printer wizard will display a message stating that "The Network Printer is off-line".
This is OK. Continue the Add Printer Wizard until finished.
e. When finished, go to Start -> Settings -> Printers. The new printer icon will be grayed out
indicating the printer is not ready.
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f. Right-click the new printer and select Properties. Then select the Details tab, as shown
below.
g. Click the Add Port button. On the resulting screen, select Other, then select the
NETGEAR Print Server Port as the port to add.
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h. Click OK to see the Print Port Configuration screen.
i. Click the Browse Device button, select the firewall, and click OK.
j. Click OK to return to the Printers folders, and right-click on the new printer. Make sure
that the Work Offline option is NOT checked.
k. The new printer should no longer be grayed out, and is ready for use.
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Maintenance 8-1
Chapter 8
Maintenance
This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your FR114P, FR114W and
FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewalls. These features can be found by clicking on the
Maintenance heading in the Main Menu of the browser interface.
System Status
The System Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information. From the
Main Menu of the browser interface, under Maintenance, select System Status to view the System
Status screen, shown in Figure 8-1.
Figure 8-1. System Status screen
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This screen shows the following parameters:
Table 8-1. Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields
Field Description
System Name This field displays the Host Name assigned to the firewall in the Basic
Settings menu.
Firmware Version This field displays the firewall firmware version.
WAN Port These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
MAC Address This field displays the Ethernet MAC address being used by the Internet
(WAN) port of the firewall.
IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet (WAN) port
of the firewall. If no address is shown, the firewall cannot connect to the
Internet.
DHCP If set to None, the firewall is configured to use a fixed IP address on the
WAN.
If set to Client, the firewall is configured to obtain an IP address
dynamically from the ISP
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN)
port of the firewall.
Domain Name Servers
(DNS)
This field displays the DNS Server IP addresses being used by the
firewall. These addresses are usually obtained dynamically from the ISP.
LAN Port These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the firewall.
MAC Address This field displays the Ethernet MAC address being used by the Local
(LAN) port of the firewall.
IP Address This field displays the IP address being used by the Local (LAN) port of
the firewall. The default is 192.168.0.1
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local (LAN)
port of the firewall. The default is 255.255.255.0
DHCP If set to OFF, the firewall will not assign IP addresses to local PCs on the
LAN.
If set to ON, the firewall is configured to assign IP addresses to local
PCs on the LAN.
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Click on the “Show Statistics” button to display firewall usage statistics, as shown in Figure 8-2
below:
Figure 8-2. Router Statistics screen
This screen shows the following statistics:.
Click on the “Show PPPoE Status” button to display the progress of the PPPoE connection, as
shown in Figure 8-2.
Table 8-2. Router Statistics Fields
Field Description
Port The statistics for the WAN (Internet) and LAN (local) ports. For each port, the screen
displays:
Status The link status of the port.
TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear.
RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear.
Collisions The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear.
Tx B/s The current line utilization—percentage of current bandwidth used on this port.
Tx B/s The average line utilization —average CLU for this port.
UpTime Thetimeelapsedsincethisportacquiredlink.
System up Time The time elapsed since the last power cycle or reset.
Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop
to freeze the display.
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Click on the “Show VPN Log” “Show VPN Status” buttons to display VPN connection
information, as described in Chapter 6, “Virtual Private Networking.”
Attached Devices
The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the firewall has discovered on
the local network. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading,
select Attached Devices to view the table, shown in Figure 8-3
Figure 8-3. Attached Devices menu
For each device, the table shows the IP address, NetBIOS Host Name (if available), and Ethernet
MAC address. Note that if the firewall is rebooted, the table data is lost until the firewall
rediscovers the devices. To force the firewall to look for attached devices, click the Refresh button.
Changing the Administration Password
You can use the Set Password menu to change the firewall administrator's password for accessing
the Settings pages. (Note that this is NOT your ISP account password).
The default password for the firewall’s Web Configuration Manager is password. NETGEAR
recommends that you change this password to a more secure password. The ideal password
should contain no dictionary words from any language, and should be a mixture of letters (both
upper and lower case), numbers, and symbols. Your password can be up to 30 characters.
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From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set
Password to bring up the menu shown in Figure 8-4.
Figure 8-4. Set Password menu
To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice. Click
Apply.
After changing the password, you may be required to log in again to continue the configuration. If
you have backed up the firewall settings previously, you should do a new backup so that
the saved settings file includes the new password.
For security, the administrator's login to the firewall configuration will timeout after a period of
inactivity. To change the login timeout period:
1. Type the value in ‘Administrator login times out’ field.The suggested default value is 5
minutes.
2. Click Apply to save your changes or click Cancel to keep the current period.
Configuration File Settings Management
The configuration settings of the FR114P Firewall are stored within the firewall in a configuration
file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the user’s PC, or
cleared to factory default settings.
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From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Settings
Backup heading to bring up the menu shown in Figure 8-5.
Figure 8-5. Settings Backup menu
Three options are available, and are described in the following sections.
Restore and Backup the Configuration
The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file
containing your firewall’s configuration settings.
To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button. Your browser will extract
the configuration file from the firewall and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the
file. You can give the file a meaningful name at this time, such as pacbell.cfg.
To restore your settings from a saved configuration file, enter the full path to the file on your PC or
click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click the Restore button to
send the file to the firewall. The firewall will then reboot automatically.
Erase the Configuration
It is sometimes desirable to restore the firewall to a known blank condition. This can be done by
using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the firewall's
password will be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1, and the firewall's DHCP
client will be enabled.
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To erase the configuration, click the Erase button.
To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP
address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. See “Using the
Default Reset button“ on page 10-8.
Router Upgrade
The software of the FR114P Firewall is stored in FLASH memory, and can be upgraded as new
software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from NETGEAR's website.
If the upgrade file is compressed (.ZIP file), you must first extract the binary (.BIN or .IMG) file
before sending it to the firewall. The upgrade file can be sent to the firewall using your browser.
Note: The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the firewall must support HTTP
uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or
above.
From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select the Router
Upgrade heading to display the menu shown in Figure 8-6.
Figure 8-6. Router Upgrade menu
To upload new firmware:
1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.
2. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button and browse to the location of the binary
(.BIN or .IMG) upgrade file
3. Click Upload.
Note: When uploading software to the firewall, it is important not to interrupt the Web
browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page. If the browser is
interrupted, it may corrupt the software. When the upload is complete, your firewall will
automatically restart. The upgrade process will typically take about one minute.
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In some cases, you may need to reset the firewall to factory defaults and reconfigure it after
upgrading.
Diagnostics
The NETGEAR ProSafe Firewall contains several tools to assist in diagnosing conditions on your
network. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Maintenance, select Diagnostics to
view the Diagnostics screen, shown in Figure 8-7:
Figure 8-7. Diagnostics menu
Ping an IP Address
This function sends an echo request packet to the designated device and displays the response.
Enter the IP address of the device and click the Ping button. A window will open to display the
results.
Perform a DNS Lookup
This function will contact your Domain Name Service (DNS) server to request the IP address that
corresponds to the Internet name you have entered. Enter a fully qualified domain name, such as
www.netgear.com, then click the Lookup button. The resulting IP address will be shown below the
Lookup button. The IP addresses of your DNS servers also appear in this section.
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Maintenance 8-9
Display the Routing Table
This button will open a new window showing the table of routes that the firewall will use to
determine where to send packets. Your LAN and WAN subnets will be shown, along with any
Static Routes that you have defined.
Reboot the Router
This button will force a reboot of the firewall.
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Advanced Configuration 9-1
Chapter 9
Advanced Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your FR114P, FR114W and
FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewalls. These features can be found under the Advanced heading
in the Main Menu of the browser interface.
Dynamic DNS
If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have
that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS). However, if your
Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in advance what your
IP address will be, and the address can change frequently. In this case, you can use a commercial
dynamic DNS service, who will allow you to register your domain to their IP address, and will
forward traffic directed at your domain to your frequently-changing IP address.
The firewall contains a client that can connect to a dynamic DNS service provider. To use this
feature, you must select a service provider and obtain an account with them. After you have
configured your account information in the firewall, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address
changes, your firewall will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider, log in to
your account, and register your new IP address.
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From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Dynamic DNS to view
the Dynamic DNS menu shown in Figure 9-1:
Figure 9-1. Dynamic DNS menu
To configure Dynamic DNS:
1. Access the website of one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the
‘Select Service Provider’ box, and register for an account.
For example, for dyndns.org, go to www.dyndns.org.
2. Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box.
3. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider.
4. Type the Host Name that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you.
The dynamic DNS service provider may call this the domain name.
5. Type the User Name for your dynamic DNS account.
6. Type the Password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account.
7. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may
select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature.
For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org
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Advanced Configuration 9-3
8. Click Apply to save your configuration.
LAN IP Setup
The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP. From
the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on LAN IP Setup to view the LAN
IP Setup menu, shown in Figure 9-2
Figure 9-2. LAN IP Setup Menu
LAN TCP/IP Setup
The firewall is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act.as a
DHCP server. The firewall’s default LAN IP configuration is:
Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address (such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x),
the dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed on
the Internet.
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• LAN IP addresses—192.168.0.1
• Subnet mask—255.255.255.0
These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks,
and should be suitable in most applications. If your network has a requirement to use a different IP
addressing scheme, you can make those changes in this menu.
The LAN IP parameters are:
• IP Address
This is the LAN IP address of the firewall.
• IP Subnet Mask
This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the firewall. Combined with the IP address, the IP Subnet
Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it, and which must be reached
through a gateway or router.
• RIP Direction
RIP (Router Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other
routers. The RIP Direction selection controls how the firewall sends and receives RIP packets.
Both is the default.
— When set to Both or Out Only, the firewall will broadcast its routing table periodically.
— When set to Both or In Only, it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives.
— When set to None, it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets
received.
• RIP Version
This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends.
(It recognizes both formats when receiving.) By default, this is set for RIP-1.
— RIP-1 is universally supported. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you
have an unusual network setup.
— RIP-2 carries more information. Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M send the routing data in RIP-2
format.
— RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting.
— RIP-2M uses multicasting...
Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the firewall while connected through the
browser, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to the new IP
address and log in again.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Advanced Configuration 9-5
MTU Size
The normal MTU (Maximum Transmit Unit) value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes. For
some ISPs, particularly some using PPPoE, you may need to reduce the MTU. This is rarely
required, and should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary for your ISP connection.
Any packets sent through the firewall that are larger than the configured MTU size will be
repackaged into smaller packets to meet the MTU requirement. To change the MTU size:
1. Under MTU Size, select Custom.
2. Enter a new size between 64 and 1500.
3. Click Apply to save the new configuration.
DHCP
By default, the firewall will function as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server,
allowing it to assign IP, DNS server, and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to
the router's LAN. The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the firewall. IP
addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu.
Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.
For most applications, the default DHCP and TCP/IP settings of the firewall are satisfactory. See
“IP Configuration by DHCP”onpage B-10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about
how to assign IP addresses for your network.
Use router as DHCP server
If another device on your network will be the DHCP server, or if you will manually configure the
network settings of all of your computers, clear the ‘Use router as DHCP server’ check box.
Otherwise, leave it checked.
Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP
Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the firewall’s LAN IP
address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.2 and
192.168.0.253, although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses.
The firewall will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP:
• An IP Address from the range you have defined
• Subnet Mask
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9-6 Advanced Configuration
• Gateway IP Address (the firewall’s LAN IP address)
• Primary DNS Server (if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu;
otherwise, the firewall’s LAN IP address)
• Secondary DNS Server (if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu
Reserved IP adresses
When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN, that PC will always receive the
same IP address each time it access the firewall’s DHCP server. Reserved IP addresses should be
assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings.
To reserve an IP address:
1. Click the Add button.
2. In the IP Address box, type the IP address to assign to the PC or server.
(choose an IP address from the router’s LAN subnet, such as 192.168.0.X)
3. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server.
(Tip: If the PC is already present on your network, you can copy its MAC address from the
Attached Devices menu and paste it here.)
4. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table.
Note: The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts the router's
DHCP server. Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew.
To edit or delete a reserved address entry:
1. Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete.
2. Click Edit or Delete.
Static Routes
Static Routes provide additional routing information to your firewall. Under normal
circumstances, the firewall has adequate routing information after it has been configured for
Internet access, and you do not need to configure additional static routes. You must configure
static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your
network.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Advanced Configuration 9-7
From the Main Menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Static Routes to view the
Static Routes menu, shown in Figure 9-3.
Figure 9-3. Static Routes Summary Table
To add or edit a Static Route, click the Add or Edit button to open the Edit Menu, shown in
Figure 9-4.
Figure 9-4. Static Route Entry and Edit Menu
3. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table.
(This is for identification purpose only.)
4. Select Active to make this route effective.
5. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported
in RIP.
6. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination network.
7. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination network.
If the destination is a single host, type 255.255.255.255.
8. Type the Gateway IP Address that will be used to reach the destination network.
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9-8 Advanced Configuration
– If the network is reached through another router on the same LAN segment as the
firewall, type that router’s LAN IP address.
– If the network is another IP subnet located on your physical LAN, type your firewall’s
LAN IP address.
9. Type a number between 2 and 15 as the Metric value.
This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination. Usually, a
setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it to 2.
10. Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table.
Static Route Example
As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:
• Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.
• You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where
you are employed. This router’s address on your LAN is 192.168.0.100.
• Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0.
When you first configured your firewall, two implicit static routes were created. A default route
was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local
network for all 192.168.0.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on
the 134.177.0.0 network, your firewall will forward your request to the ISP. The ISP forwards your
request to the company where you are employed, and the request will likely be denied by the
company’s firewall.
In this case you must define a static route, telling your firewall that 134.177.0.0 should be accessed
through the ISDN router at 192.168.0.100. The static route would look like Figure 9-4.
In this example:
• The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to
all 134.177.x.x addresses.
• The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be
forwarded to the ISDN router at 192.168.0.100.
• A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN.
• Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Advanced Configuration 9-9
Remote Management
Using the Remote Management page, you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure,
upgrade and check the status of your NETGEAR Cable/DSL ProSafe VPN Firewall.
To configure your firewall for Remote Management:
1. Select the Allow Remote Management check box.
2. Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the firewall’s remote management.
For security, NETGEAR recommends that you restrict access to as few external IP addresses
as practical.
a. To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone.
b. To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range.
Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range.
c. To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC.
Enter the IP address that will be allowed access.
3. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface.
Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80. For greater security,
you can change the remote management web interface to a custom port by entering that
number in the box provided. Choose a number between 1024 and 65535, but do not use the
number of any common service port. The default is 8080, which is a common alternate for
HTTP.
4. Click Apply to have your changes take effect.
When accessing your router from the Internet, you will type your router's WAN IP address into
your browser's Address (in IE) or Location (in Netscape) box, followed by a colon (:) and the
custom port number. For example, if your external address is 134.177.0.123 and you use port
number 8080, enter in your browser:
http://134.177.0.123:8080
Note: Be sure to change the router's default configuration password to a very secure
password. The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language,
and should be a mixture of letters (both upper and lower case), numbers, and symbols.
Your password can be up to 30 characters.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
9-10 Advanced Configuration
Troubleshooting 10-1
Chapter 10
Troubleshooting
This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/
DSL ProSafe Firewalls. For the common problems listed, go to the section indicated.
• Is the firewall on?
• Have I connected the firewall correctly?
Go to “Basic Functioning“ on page 10-1.
• I can’t access the firewall’s configuration with my browser.
Go to “Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface“ on page 10-4.
• I’ve configured the firewall but I can’t access the Internet.
Go to “Troubleshooting the ISP Connection“ on page 10-5.
• I can’t remember the firewall’s configuration password.
• I want to clear the configuration and start over again.
Go to “Restoring the Default Configuration and Password“ on page 10-8.
Basic Functioning
After you turn on power to the firewall, the following sequence of events should occur:
1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power LED is on.
2. Verify that the Test LED lights within a few seconds, indicating that the self-test procedure is
running.
3. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that:
a. The Test LED is not lit.
ReferenceManualfor theModel FR114P, FR114W andFM114P Cable/DSLProSafeFirewallFamily
10-2 Troubleshooting
b. The Local port Link LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.
c. The Internet Link port LED is lit.
If a port’s Link LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. If a port is
connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the port’s 100 LED is lit.
If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.
Power LED Not On
If the Power and other LEDs are off when your firewall is turned on:
• Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your firewall and that the power
supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.
• Check that you are using the 12VDC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.
If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
Test LED Never Turns On or Test LED Stays On
When the firewall is turned on, the Test LED turns on for about 10 seconds and then turns off. If
the Test LED does not turn on, or if it stays on, there is a fault within the firewall.
If you experience problems with the Test LED:
• Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers and the LED blinks for the correct amount of
time.
If all LEDs including the Test LED are still on one minute after power up:
• Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers.
• Clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Using the Default Reset button“ on page 10-8.
If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
Local or Internet Port Link LEDs Not On
If either the Local or Internet Port Link LEDs do not light when the Ethernet connection is made,
check the following:
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Troubleshooting 10-3
• Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the firewall and at the hub or PC.
• Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or PC.
• Besureyouareusingthecorrectcable:
— When connecting the firewall’s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem, use the cable that
was supplied with the cable or DSL modem. This cable could be a standard
straight-through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable.
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10-4 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface
If you are unable to access the firewall’s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local
network, check the following:
• Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the firewall as described in the previous
section.
• Make sure your PC’s IP address is on the same subnet as the firewall. If you are using the
recommended addressing scheme, your PC’s address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to
192.168.0.254. Refer to “Verifying TCP/IP Properties“ on page 3-5 or “Verifying TCP/IP
Properties (Macintosh)“ on page 3-8 to find your PC’s IP address. Follow the instructions in
Chapter 3 to configure your PC.
Note: If your PC’s IP address is shown as 169.254.x.x:
Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the
computer cannot reach a DHCP server. These auto-generated addresses are in the range of
169.254.x.x. If your IP address is in this range, check the connection from the PC to the
firewall and reboot your PC.
• If your firewall’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address,
clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Using the Default Reset button“ on page 10-8.
• Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet
Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.
• Try quitting the browser and launching it again.
• Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is
admin and the password is password. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this
information.
If the firewall does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the
following:
• When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to
another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.
• Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but
the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Troubleshooting 10-5
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
If your firewall is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the firewall is
able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address,
your firewall must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was
successful using the Web Configuration Manager.
To check the WAN IP address:
1. Launch your browser and select an external site such as www.netgear.com
2. Access the Main Menu of the firewall’s configuration at http://192.168.0.1
3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status
4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port
If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your firewall has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.
If your firewall is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or
DSL modem to recognize your new firewall by performing the following procedure:
1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.
2. Turn off power to your firewall.
3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.
4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to
your firewall.
If your firewall is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the
following:
• Your ISP may require a login program.
Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or some other type of login.
• If your ISP requires a login, you may have incorrectly set the login name and password.
• Your ISP may check for your PC's host name.
Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings
menu.
• Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet, and may check for
your PC’s MAC address. In this case:
Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the firewall’s
MAC address.
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10-6 Troubleshooting
OR
Configure your firewall to spoof your PC’s MAC address. This can be done in the Basic
Settings menu. Refer to “Manual Configuration“ on page 4-8.
If your firewall can obtain an IP address, but your PC is unable to load any web pages from the
Internet:
• Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses)
to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS
servers for your use. If you entered a DNS address during the firewall’s configuration, reboot
your PC and verify the DNS address as described in “Verifying TCP/IP Properties“ on page
3-5. Alternatively, you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses, as explained in
your operating system documentation.
• Your PC may not have the firewall configured as its TCP/IP gateway.
If your PC obtains its information from the firewall by DHCP, reboot the PC and verify the
gateway address as described in “Verifying TCP/IP Properties“ on page 3-5.
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility
Most TCP/IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet
to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP
network is made very easy by using the ping utility in in your PC or workstation.
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall
You can ping the firewall from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your firewall is set up
correctly.
To ping the firewall from a PC running Windows 95 or later:
1. From the Windows toolbar, click on the Start button and select Run.
2. In the field provided, type Ping followed by the IP address of the firewall, as in this example:
ping 192.168.0.1
3. Click on OK.
You should see a message like this one:
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Troubleshooting 10-7
Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data
If the path is working, you see this message:
Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx
If the path is not working, you see this message:
Request timed out
If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems:
• Wrong physical connections
— Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off, follow the instructions in
“Local or Internet Port Link LEDs Not On”onpage 10-2.
— Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and
for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and firewall.
• Wrong network configuration
— Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP/IP software are both installed
and configured on your PC or workstation.
— Verify that the IP address for your firewall and your workstation are correct and that
the addresses are on the same subnet.
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device
After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device.
From the Windows run menu, type:
PING -n 10 <IP address>
where <IP address> is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.
If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed. If you do not
receive replies:
— Check that your PC has the IP address of your firewall listed as the default gateway. If the
IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in
your PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the IP address of the firewall is listed as the
default gateway as described in “Verifying TCP/IP Properties“ on page 3-5.
— Check to see that the network address of your PC (the portion of the IP address specified
by the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device.
— Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning.
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10-8 Troubleshooting
— If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC, enter that host name as the Account Name in
the Basic Settings menu.
— Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs. Many
broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your
broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a
single PC connected to that modem. If this is the case, you must configure your firewall to
“clone” or “spoof” the MAC address from the authorized PC. Refer to “Manual
Configuration“ on page 4-8.
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password
This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the
firewall’s administration password to password and the IP address to 192.168.0.1. You can erase
the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:
• Use the Erase function of the Web Configuration Manager (see “Erase the Configuration“ on
page 8-6).
• Use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. Use this method for cases when
the administration password or IP address is not known.
Using the Default Reset button
To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password
or IP address, you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall.
1. Press and hold the Default Reset button until the Test LED turns on (about 10 seconds).
2. Release the Default Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot.
Problems with Date and Time
The E-Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day. The
FR114P Firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time from one of
several Network Time Servers on the Internet. Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and
time of day. Problems with the date and time function can include:
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Troubleshooting 10-9
• Date shown is January 1, 2000
Cause: The firewall has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server. Check that your
Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you have just completed configuring the
firewall, wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again.
• Time is off by one hour
Cause: The firewall does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time. In the E-Mail menu,
check or uncheck the box marked “Adjust for Daylight Savings Time”.
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10-10 Troubleshooting
Technical Specifications A-1
Appendix A
Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL
ProSafe Firewalls.
Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Power Adapter
North America: 120V, 60 Hz, input
United Kingdom, Australia: 240V, 50 Hz, input
Europe: 230V, 50 Hz, input
Japan: 100V, 50/60 Hz, input
All regions (output): 12 V DC @ 0.8A output, 20W maximum
Physical Specifications
Dimensions: 191 by 127 by 35 mm
7.4 by 5.1 by 1.3 in.
Weight: 0.8 kg
1.2 lb.
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A-2 Technical Specifications
Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature: 0° to 40° C
Operating humidity: 90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing
Electromagnetic Emissions
Meetsrequirementsof: FCCPart15ClassB
VCCI Class B
EN 55 022 (CISPR 22), Class B
Interface Specifications
Local: 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
Internet: 10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-1
Appendix B
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
This chapter provides an overview of IP networks, routing, and firewalls.
Basic Router Concepts
Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area
network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can
be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed
wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem. In order to make the best use of the
slower WAN link, a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic
meant for the Internet. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.
What is a Router?
A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in
the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a
logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers
in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network
traffic.
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B-2 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of
physical WAN connection they support. The FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe
Firewalls is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single-user broadband
connection.
Routing Information Protocol
One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing
Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers periodically update one another and check for
changes to add to the routing table.
The FR114P Firewall supports both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other
improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home
applications.
IP Addresses and the Internet
Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected across the world, every machine on the Internet must
have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of
addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from
an Internet service provider (ISP). You can contact IANA at www.iana.org.
The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot
notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in
decimal form, separated by decimal points.
For example, the following binary address:
11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111
is normally written as:
195.34.12.7
The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer.
In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address
identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The
dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-3
There are five standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of
determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts
on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP
software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software
can correctly identify the host section of the address. The follow figure shows the three main
address classes, including network and host sections of the address for each address type.
Figure B-1. Three Main Address Classes
The five address classes are:
• Class A
Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit
network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range:
1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x.
• Class B
Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. A Class B address uses a 16-bit
network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:
128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.
• Class C
Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the
network address and eight bits for the node. They are in this range:
192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x.
726
1
C
lass A
N
etwork Node
C
lass B
C
lass C
Network Node
Network Node
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B-4 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
• Class D
Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are
in this range:
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
• Class E
Class E addresses are for experimental use.
This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each
node on each physical network.
For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host
address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also,
the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned, but is used as the broadcast
address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address.
Netmask
In each of the address classes previously described, the size of the two parts (network address and
host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask
associated with the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically combined (using
an AND operator) with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for
Class A, B, and C addresses are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively.
For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the
upper 24 bits. When combined (using an AND operator) with the Class C netmask, as shown here,
only the network portion of the address remains:
11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.237)
combined with:
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)
Equals:
11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)
As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of
the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward
slash ( / ), as “/n.” In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating
that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-5
Subnet Addressing
By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a
large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of
a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would
have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet
addressing.
Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical
networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead.
A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most
organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet
addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as shown below.
Figure B-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address
A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the
IP address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing
eight extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as
IP network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending
the number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing
allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different
subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the
organization.
Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are
not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only
shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C
network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift one bit from the host address to the network
address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network
number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has
network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.
726
2
C
lass B
Network Subnet Node
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B-6 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the
table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal
value of the additional subnet bits. For example, to partition your Class C network with subnet
mask 255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes 255.255.255.240.
The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted-decimal and the
masklength formats.
Note: The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address
of the first subnet. The number 192.68.135.128 is not assigned because it is the network
address of the second subnet.
Table B-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet
Number of Bits Dotted-Decimal Value
1 128
2 192
3 224
4 240
5 248
6 252
7 254
8 255
Table B-2. Netmask Formats
Dotted-Decimal Masklength
255.0.0.0 /8
255.255.0.0 /16
255.255.255.0 /24
255.255.255.128 /25
255.255.255.192 /26
255.255.255.224 /27
255.255.255.240 /28
255.255.255.248 /29
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-7
NETGEAR strongly recommends that you configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same
netmask for the following reasons:
• So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets
When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors, it uses a destination address of the local
network address with all ones for the host address. In order for this scheme to work, all devices
on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address.
• So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote
Private IP Addresses
If your local network is isolated from the Internet (for example, when using NAT), you can assign
any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the IANA has reserved the following
three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
NETGEAR recommends that you choose your private network number from this range. The
DHCP server of the FR114P Firewall is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the
guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,
Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP
Address Space. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) publishes RFCs on its Web site at
www.ietf.org.
255.255.255.252 /30
255.255.255.254 /31
255.255.255.255 /32
Table B-2. Netmask Formats
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B-8 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT
In the past, if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously, you had to
obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP. This type of Internet account is more costly than a
single-address account typically used by a single user with a modem, rather than a router. The
FR114P Firewall employs an address-sharing method called Network Address Translation (NAT).
This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP
address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP.
The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a
single address that is globally unique on the Internet. The internal LAN IP addresses can be either
private addresses or registered addresses. For more information about IP address translation, refer
to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation.
Figure B-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT
7786EA
1
92.168.0.2
1
92.168.0.3
1
92.168.0.4
1
92.168.0.5
192.168.0.1 172.21.15.105
Private IP addresses
assigned by user
Internet
IP addresses
assigned by ISP
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-9
This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall-like protection because the internal LAN
addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming
inquiries are filtered out by the router. This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your
system. However, using port forwarding, you can allow one PC (for example, a Web server) on
your local network to be accessible to outside users.
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol
An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another. To send data
between LAN devices, you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media
access control (MAC) address. Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address,
which is a 48-bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer. The technique that
associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution. Internet Protocol
uses the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to resolve MAC addresses.
If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet
recorded, ARP is used. An ARP request is broadcast onto the network. All stations on the network
receive and read the request. The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of
the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request. All other
stations discard the request.
The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending
device. The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC
address. The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table. The
next time data is sent, the address can be obtained from the address information in the table.
Domain Name Server
Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as
www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive
name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource. Just as
a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers, or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to
MAC addresses, a domain name system (DNS) server maps descriptive names of network
resources to IP addresses.
When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name, it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the
IP address of the resource. The PC sends the desired message using the IP address. Many large
organizations, such as ISPs, maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the
servers to look up addresses.
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B-10 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
IP Configuration by DHCP
When an IP-based local area network is installed, each PC must be configured with an IP address.
If the PCs need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and
one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by
which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information. A device
on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP
server stores a list or pool of IP addresses, along with other information (such as gateway and DNS
addresses) that it may assign to the other devices on the network. The FR114P Firewall has the
capacity to act as a DHCP server.
The FR114P Firewall also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP. The firewall
can automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, DNS server addresses, and a gateway address
if the ISP provides this information by DHCP.
Internet Security and Firewalls
When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router, an opportunity is created for outsiders
to access or disrupt your network. A NAT router provides some protection because by the very
nature of the Network Address Translation (NAT) process, the network behind the NAT router is
shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet. However, there are methods by which a
determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt
your Internet access. A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router.
What is a Firewall?
A firewall is a device that protects one network from another, while allowing communication
between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router, while adding features
for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack. Several known types of intrusion or attack can be
recognized when they occur. When an incident is detected, the firewall can log details of the
attempt, and can optionally send email to an administrator notifying them of the incident. Using
information from the log, the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker. In some
types of intrusions, the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the
hacker’s IP address for a period of time.
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-11
Stateful Packet Inspection
Unlike simple Internet sharing routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to
ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. Since
user-level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network
traffic, it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection "states". Using
Stateful Packet Inspection, an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then
analyzed for state-related information associated with all network connections. A central cache
within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections.
All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to
determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected.
Denial of Service Attack
A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a
Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely
flooding your site with more requests than it can handle. A more sophisticated attack may attempt
to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway. Some operating
systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information.
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B-12 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Wireless Networking
The FR114W Wireless-Ready Firewall and FM114P Wireless Firewall with Print Server conform
to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11b standard for wireless LANs
(WLANs). On an 802.11b wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum
(DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum
data rate for the wireless link is 11 Mbps, but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5.5,
2, and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected.
The 802.11b standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi-Fi by the Wireless Ethernet
Compatibility Alliance (WECA, see http://www.wi-fi.net), an industry standard group promoting
interoperability among 802.11b devices.
Wireless Network Configuration
The 802.11b standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network - ad hoc and
infrastructure.
Ad-hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup)
In an ad hoc network, computers are brought together as needed; thus, there is no structure or fixed
points to the network - each node can generally communicate with any other node. There is no
Access Point involved in this configuration. This mode enables you to quickly set up a small
wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as
supported by Microsoft Networking in the various Windows operating systems. Some vendors
also refer to ad hoc networking as Peer-to-Peer group networking.
In this configuration, network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting
and receiving stations. As long as the stations are within range of one another, this is the easiest
and least expensive way to set up a wireless network.
Infrastructure Mode
With a wireless Access Point, you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode. This
mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or
area of coverage, interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna.
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-13
In the infrastructure mode, the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet
data, acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients. Connecting multiple Access
Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage. As a
mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point, it moves into the range of
another. As a result, wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and
still maintain seamless network connection.
Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID)
The Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID) is one of two types of Service Set Identification
(SSID). In an ad-hoc wireless network with no access points, the Basic Service Set Identification
(BSSID) is used. In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point, the Extended
Service Set Identification (ESSID) is used, but may still be referred to as SSID.
An SSID is a thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area
network. Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name. For the wireless devices in a network
to communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with the same SSID.
Authentication and WEP Encryption
The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to
eavesdropping and information theft. To provide a certain level of security, the IEEE 802.11
standard has defined two types of authentication methods, Open System and Shared Key. With
Open System authentication, a wireless PC can join any network and receive any messages that are
not encrypted. With Shared Key authentication, only those PCs that possess the correct
authentication key can join the network. By default, IEEE 802.11 wireless devices operate in an
Open System network.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption is utilized when the wireless nodes or access
points are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode. There are two shared key
methods implemented in most commercially available products, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP data
encryption.
The 64-bit WEP data encryption method, allows for a five-character (40-bit) input. Additionally,
24 factory-set bits are added to the forty-bit input to generate a 64-bit encryption key. (The 24
factory-set bits are not user-configurable). This encryption key will be used to encrypt/decrypt all
data transmitted via the wireless interface. Some vendors refer to the 64-bit WEP data encryption
as 40-bit WEP data encryption since the user-configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits
wide.
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B-14 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
The 128-bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user-configurable bits. Similar to the
forty-bit WEP data encryption method, the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user
configurable. Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal
characters to ease encryption key entry.
Wireless Channel Selection
IEEE 802.11 wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the
ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band between 2.4Ghz and 2.5Ghz. Neighboring
channels are 5Mhz apart. However, due to spread spectrum effect of the signals, a node sending
signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum12.5Mhz above and below the
center channel frequency. As a result, two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels
(for example, channel 1 and channel 2) in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other.
Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of
channel cross-talk, and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal
channel separation.
The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table B-3:
Table B-3. 802.11 Radio Frequency Channels
Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread
1 2412Mhz 2399.5Mhz - 2424.5Mhz
2 2417Mhz 2404.5Mhz - 2429.5Mhz
3 2422Mhz 2409.5Mhz - 2434.5Mhz
4 2427Mhz 2414.5Mhz - 2439.5Mhz
5 2432Mhz 2419.5Mhz - 2444.5Mhz
6 2437Mhz 2424.5Mhz - 2449.5Mhz
7 2442Mhz 2429.5Mhz - 2454.5Mhz
8 2447Mhz 2434.5Mhz - 2459.5Mhz
9 2452Mhz 2439.5Mhz - 2464.5Mhz
10 2457Mhz 2444.5Mhz - 2469.5Mhz
11 2462Mhz 2449.5Mhz - 2474.5Mhz
12 2467Mhz 2454.5Mhz - 2479.5Mhz
13 2472Mhz 2459.5Mhz - 2484.5Mhz
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Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics B-15
Note: The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different.
The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25
MHz (5 channels). This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your
wireless network. There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States. It is
recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6, and 11 when necessary, as
these three channels do not overlap.
Ethernet Cabling
Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable, most installations currently
use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. The UTP cable contains eight conductors, arranged in
four twisted pairs, and terminated with an RJ45 type connector. A normal "straight-through" UTP
Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described in Table B-4.
Table B-4. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through
Pin Wire color Signal
1 Orange/White Transmit (Tx) +
2 Orange Transmit (Tx) -
3 Green/White Receive (Rx) +
4Blue
5 Blue/White
6 Green Receive (Rx) -
7 Brown/White
8Brown
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B-16 Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables
In the wiring table, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC. For
example, the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, the perspective is reversed, and the hub
receives on pins 1 and 2. When connecting a PC to a PC, or a hub port to another hub port, the
transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair. This exchange is done by one of two
mechanisms. Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port,
allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable. The second
method is to use a crossover cable, which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs
are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors. Crossover cables are often unmarked as such,
and must be identified by comparing the two connectors. Since the cable connectors are clear
plastic, it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each. On a
straight-through cable, the color order will be the same on both connectors. On a crossover cable,
the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other.
Cable Quality
A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits/second (10BASE-T) will often tolerate low
quality cables, but at 100 Mbits/second (10BASE-Tx) the cable must be rated as Category 5, or
"Cat 5", by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA). This rating will be printed on the cable
jacket. A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk. In
addition, there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits/second
networks.
Glossary 1
Glossary
10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring.
100BASE-Tx
IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring.
802.11b
IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct-sequence
spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio
spectrum at 2.5GHz.
Denial of Service
attack
DoS. A hacker attack designed to prevent your computer or network from
operating or communicating.
DHCP
See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DNS
See Domain Name Server.
domain name
A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet.
Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a
number of predefined top level suffixes such as .com, .edu, .uk, etc. For
example, in the address mail.NETGEAR.com, mail is a server name and
NETGEAR.com is the domain.
Domain Name Server
A Domain Name Server (DNS) resolves descriptive names of network
resources (such as www.NETGEAR.com) to numeric IP addresses.
Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
DHCP. An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can
assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients. The
assigned information includes IP addresses, DNS addresses, and gateway
(router) addresses.
ESSID
The Extended Service Set Identification (ESS ID) is a thirty-two character
(maximum) alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network.
Gateway
A local device, usually a router, that connects hosts on a local network to other
networks.
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2 Glossary
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. An open international community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the
evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
Working groups of the IETF propose standard protocols and procedures for
the Internet, which are published as RFCs (Request for Comment) at
www.ietf.org.
IKE
Internet Key Exchange. An automated method for exchanging and managing
encryption keys between two VPN devices.
IP
Internet Protocol. The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet.
Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) to form TCP/IP.
IP Address
A four-byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet. Ranges of
addresses are assigned by Internic, an organization formed for this purpose.
Usually written in dotted-decimal notation with periods separating the bytes
(for example, 134.177.244.57).
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security. IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private
information transmitted over public networks. IPSec is a VPN method
providing a higher level of security than PPTP.
ISP
Internet service provider.
LAN
See local area network.
local area network
LAN. A communications network serving users within a limited area, such as
one floor of a building. A LAN typically connects multiple personal
computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers. Although
many technologies exist to implement a LAN, Ethernet is the most common
for connecting personal computers.
MAC address
Media Access Control address. A unique 48-bit hardware address assigned to
every Ethernet node. Usually written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab.
Mbps
Megabits per second.
MSB
See Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte.
MRU
See Maximum Receive Unit.
Maximum Receive
Unit
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received.
Most Significant Bit or
Most Significant Byte
The portion of a number, address, or field that is farthest left when written asa
single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation. The part of the
number having the most value.
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Glossary
3
NAT
See Network Address Translation.
netmask
A number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network
address and which part is the host address on that network. It can be
expressed in dotted-decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP
address. For example, a 28-bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as
255.255.255.192 or as /28 appended to the IP address.
Network Address
Translation
A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the
Internet.
packet
A block of information sent over a network. A packet typically contains a
source and destination network address, some protocol and length
information, a block of data, and a checksum.
PPP
See Point-to-Point Protocol.
PPP over Ethernet
PPPoE. PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the
Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. A method for establishing a virtual private
network (VPN) by embedding Microsoft’s network protocol into Internet
packets.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network.
Point-to-Point
Protocol
PPP. A protocol allowing a computer using TCP/IP to connect directly to the
Internet.
RFC
Request For Comment. Refers to documents published by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposing standard protocols and procedures
for the Internet. RFCs can be found at www.ietf.org.
RIP
See Routing Information Protocol.
router
A device that forwards data between networks. An IP router forwards data
based on IP source and destination addresses.
Routing Information
Protocol
A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one
another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources
and destinations.
SSID
Service Set Identification. A thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric
key identifying the wireless local area network. For the wireless devices in a
network to communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with
thesameSSID.
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4 Glossary
subnet mask
See netmask.
UTP
Unshielded twisted pair. The cable used by 10BASE-T and 100BASE-Tx
Ethernet networks.
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A method for securely transporting data between two
private networks by using a public network such as the Internet as a
connection.
WAN
See wide area network.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy. WEP is a data encryption protocol for 802.11b
wireless networks. All wireless nodes and access points on the network are
configured with a 64-bit or 128-bit Shared Key for data encryption.
wide area network
WAN. A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local
area networks. The Internet is a large WAN.
Wi-Fi
See 802.11b. A trade name for the 802.11b wireless networking standard,
given by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA, see http://
www.wi-fi.net), an industry standard group promoting interoperability among
802.11b devices.
Windows Internet
Naming Service
WINS. Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving
Windows-based computer names to IP addresses. If a remote network
contains a WINS server, your Windows PCs can gather information from that
WINS server about its local hosts. This allows your PCs to browse that remote
network using Network Neighborhood.
WINS
See Windows Internet Naming Service.
Index 1
Numerics
802.11b B-12
A
Account Name 4-5, 4-7, 4-8
Address Resolution Protocol B-9
ad-hoc mode B-12, B-13
antenna orientation 2-6
B
backup configuration 8-6
BSSID B-13
C
Cabling B-15
Cat5 cable 2-2, 2-5, B-16
Channel B-14
Channel Number 6-3
configuration
automatic by DHCP 1-3
backup 8-6
erasing 8-6
router, initial 4-1
connections
verifying 2-7
content filtering 1-3, 5-1
conventions
typography xv
crossover cable 2-5, 10-3, B-16
customer support iii
D
date and time 10-8
Daylight Savings Time 5-17, 10-9
Default Key 6-5
default password (is password) 8-4
default reset button 10-8
Denial of Service (DoS) protection 1-2
denial of service attack B-11
DHCP 1-3, 9-5, B-10
DHCP Client ID 3-7
DHCP Setup field, Ethernet Setup menu 8-2
diagnostics 8-8
DMZ Server 5-12
DNS Lookup 8-8
DNS Proxy 1-4
DNS server 3-10, 3-11, 4-5, 4-6, 4-8, 4-9
DNS, dynamic 9-1
domain 3-10
Domain Name 4-5, 4-7, 4-8
domain name server (DNS) B-9
DoS attack B-11
Dynamic DNS 1-4, 9-1
E
EnterNet 3-9
EPROM, for firmware upgrade 1-5
erase configuration 8-6
ESSID 2-6, B-13
Ethernet 1-3
Ethernet cable B-15
exposed host 5-13
Index
2 Index
F
factory settings, restoring 8-6
features 1-1
firewall features 1-2
FLASH memory 8-7
front panel 2-3
G
gateway address 3-10, 3-11
H
host name 4-5, 4-7, 4-8
I
IANA
contacting B-2
IETF xvi
Web site address B-7
inbound rules 5-8
infrastructure mode B-12, B-13
installation 1-4
Internet account
address information 3-9
establishing 3-8
IP addresses 3-10, 3-11
and NAT B-8
and the Internet B-2
assigning xvii, B-2
auto-generated 10-4
private B-7
translating xvii
IP configuration by DHCP B-10
IP networking
for Macintosh 3-6
for Windows 3-2, 3-5
L
LAN IP Setup Menu 9-3
LEDs
description 2-3
troubleshooting 10-2
log
sending 5-18
LPD/LPR Printing 7-1
M
MAC address 10-8, B-9
spoofing 4-6, 4-9, 10-6
MAC address filter 6-6
Macintosh 3-10
configuring for IP networking 3-6
DHCP Client ID 3-7
network printing 7-9
Obtaining ISP Configuration Information 3-11
masquerading 3-9
metric 9-8
MTU 9-5
multicasting 9-4
N
NAT 3-9
NAT. See Network Address Translation
NETGEAR
contacting xvi
netmask
translation table B-6
Network Address Translation 1-3, 3-9, B-8
Network Time Protocol 5-17, 10-8
NTP 5-17, 10-8
O
Open System authentication B-13
order of precedence 5-12
outbound rules 5-11
P
package contents 2-1
Passphrase 6-5
Index 3
password
restoring 10-8
PC, using to configure 3-11
ping 5-13, 8-8
placement 6-6
port filtering 5-11
port forwarding 5-8
port forwarding behind NAT B-9
port numbers 5-14
PPP over Ethernet 1-4, 3-9
PPPoE 1-4, 3-9, 4-7
Primary DNS Server 4-5, 4-6, 4-8, 4-9
protocols
Address Resolution B-9
DHCP 1-3, B-10
Routing Information 1-3, B-2
support 1-3
TCP/IP 1-3
PTP Driver 7-1
publications, related xvi
R
range 6-6
rear panel 2-4
reboot 8-9
Regulatory Domain 6-2
remote management 9-9
requirements
access device 2-2
hardware 2-2
reserved IP adresses 9-6
reset button, clearing config 10-8
restore factory settings 8-6
RFC
1466 xvii, B-7
1597 xvii, B-7
1631 xvii, B-8
finding B-7
RIP (Router Information Protocol) 9-4
router concepts B-1
Routing Information Protocol 1-3, B-2
routing table 8-9
rules
inbound 5-8
order of precedence 5-12
outbound 5-11
S
Secondary DNS Server 4-5, 4-6, 4-8, 4-9
service blocking 5-11
service numbers 5-14
Setup Wizard 4-1
Shared Key authentication B-13
SMTP 5-18
spoof MAC address 10-6
SSID 2-6, 6-1, 6-2, B-13
stateful packet inspection 1-2, 5-1, B-11
Static Routes 9-6
Station Name 6-2
subnet addressing B-5
subnet mask 3-10, 3-11, B-5
T
TCP/IP
configuring 3-1
network, troubleshooting 10-6
TCP/IP properties
verifying for Macintosh 3-8
verifying for Windows 3-5, 3-6
technical support xvi
time of day 10-8
Time Zone 5-17
timeout, administrator login 8-5
troubleshooting 10-1
Trusted Host 5-6
typographical conventions xv
U
upgrading the FR114W 2-6
4 Index
Uplink switch B-16
USB 3-8
W
WEP 6-4, B-13
WEP, Keys 6-4
Wi-Fi B-12
Windows, configuring for IP routing 3-2, 3-5
winipcfg utility 3-5
WinPOET 3-9
Wired Equivalent Privacy. See WEP
Wireless Ethernet B-12
World Wide Web iii
… 33 …


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