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Pixelfejl i TFT-skærme (TFT-display)
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Pixelfejl i TFT-skærme (TFT-display)
I aktiv matrix TFT-skærme (TFT) med en opløsning på 1920 x 1200 pixel (WSXGA), som hver er sammensat af
tre subpixels (rød, grøn, blå), anvendes i alt ca. 6,9 mio. måltransistorer. På grund af det meget høje antal
transistorer og den yderst komplicerede fremstillingsproces som dette medfører, kan der i enkelte tilfælde
forekomme svigt eller et forkert valg af hhv. pixels eller enkelte subpixels.
Man har mange gange tidligere forsøgt med de mest forskellige metoder at definere antallet af tilladte pixelfejl.
Men de var for det meste yderst komplicerede og helt forskellige fra mærke til mærke. Man følger derfor ved
garantibehandling af alle TFT-displayprodukter de strenge og transparente krav i ISO 13406-2, klasse II
standarden. Her følger et kort sammendrag:
ISO-standarden 13406-2 giver bl.a. almengyldige definitioner af
pixelfejl. Pixelfejlene kategoriseres i fire fejlklasser og tre fejltyper.
Hver enkelt pixel er igen sammensat af tre subpixels med hver sin
grundfarve (rød, grøn, blå).
Pixelfejl-typer:
Type 1: pixelen lyser vedvarende (lyst, hvidt punkt), selv om den ikke er valgt. En hvid pixel opstår når
samtlige tre subpixels lyser.
Type 2: pixelen lyser ikke (mørkt, sort punkt), selv om den er valgt.
Type 3: unormale eller defekte subpixels i farverne rød, grøn eller blå (f.eks. vedvarende lys med halv
lysstyrke, manglende lys i én farve, blinker eller blusser, men ikke af type 1 eller 2).
Tillæg: Cluster af type 3 ( = svigt af to eller flere subpixels i en blok på 5 x 5 pixels. Et cluster er et felt på 5 x 5
pixels (15 x 5 subpixels).
Pixelfejl-klasser:
Fejlklasse Type 1Type 2Type 3Cluster af type 3
I 0 0 0 - 0
II 225 - 2
III 5 15 50 5
IV 50 150 500 50
Det tilladte antal fejl af de ovennævnte typer i hver fejlklasse refererer til en million pixels og skal omregnes
svarende til displayets fysiske opløsning.
Af dette følger et max. tilladt antal i fejlklasse II:
For en opløsning på Mio. Pixel Subpixels Type (s.o.)
1024 x 768 (38 cm) 0.786432 2.359296 2 2 4 - 2
1280 x 1024 (43, 46, 48 cm) 1.310720 3.932160 3 3 7 - 3
1600 x 1200 (48 cm) 1.920000 5.760000 4 4 10 - 4
1440 x 900 (48 cm wide) 1.296000 3.888000 3 3 7 - 3
1680 x 1050 (51 cm wide, 56 cm wide) 1.764000 5.292000 4 4 10 - 4
1920 x 1080 (60 cm wide) 2.073600 6.220800 4 4 10 - 4
1920 x 1200 (65 cm wide) 2.304000 6.912000 4 4 10 - 4
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