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Informationen zum Vorbild
Als letzte sogenannte „Einheitsdampfloks“ entstanden kurz vor
Beginn des Zweiten Weltkriegs die Maschinen der Baureihe 50.
Im April 1937 beauftragte das Reichsverkehrs-Ministerium (RVM)
das Reichsbahn-Zentralamt (RZA) mit dem Entwurf einer leis-
tungsfähigen Güterzuglokomotive für Nebenbahnen unter ande-
rem als Ersatz für die Eh2-Güterzugdampfloks der Reihe 57.10-40
(preußische G 10). Sie sollte in der Ebene einen mittelschweren
Güterzug ziehen, Gleisbögen mit 140 m Halbmesser befahren kön-
nen und mit rund 15 t Radsatzfahrmasse auch auf Nebenbahnen
mit leichtem Oberbau problemlos einsetzbar sein. Als Höchstge-
schwindigkeit erschienen 80 km/h aus reichend. Da an vielen End-
bahnhöfen entweder gar keine Drehscheiben waren oder die vor-
handenen zu kurz, sollte die Maschine aber in beiden Richtungen
gleich schnell sein. Daher sah man für den Tender zum Schutz
des Lokpersonals bei Rückwärtsfahrt eine Schutzwand vor. Das
RZA plante zunächst eine 1‘D-Lokomotive (Bau reihe 46), weil man
einer 1‘E weder die geforderte hohe Rückwärtsgeschwindigkeit
noch die erforderliche Zughakenleistung zutraute. Mit dieser
Maschine waren aber die geforderten Radsatzlasten nicht zu er-
reichen und so blieb nur die Konstruktion eines Fünf kupplers mit
Vorlaufradsatz. Somit lieferte Henschel von April bis Juli 1939 die
ersten zwölf Lokomotiven mit Stahlfeuerbüchse, legiertem Stahl
als Kesselbaustoff, einem Zweizylinder-Heißdampftriebwerk mit
Wagner-Überhitzer sowie 16 bar Kesselüberdruck. Die so ent-
standene Baureihe 50 sollte alsbald die glücklichste Konstruktion
der Deutschen Reichsbahn werden, denn die rund 1.600 PS starke
und 80 km/h schnelle Maschine entwickelte sich schnell zu einer
universell einsetzbaren, robusten und zuverlässigen Lokomotive.
Information about the Prototype
The class 50 locomotive came into being shortly before the start
of World War II as the last of the so-called “standard design
steam locomotives”. In April of 1937 the Reich Transportation
Ministry (RVM) charged the German State Railroad Central Office
(RZA) with the design of a powerful freight locomotive for branch
lines, among other things, as a replacement for the class 57.10-40
(Prussian G 10) 0-10-0 freight steam locomotives. It had to be able
to pull a medium weight train on flat terrain, negotiate curves with
a radius of 140 meters / approximately 460 feet, and be usable
with about a 15 metric ton wheel load on branch lines with less
than ideal roadbed. A suitable maximum speed appeared to be
80 km/h / 50 mph. Since many end terminals had no turntable or
one that was too short, this locomotive had to be able to go at
the same speed in both directions. For that reason a protective
wall was planned for the tender to protect the locomotive crew
when running in reverse. The RZA initially planned a 2-8-0 loco-
motive (class 46) because no faith was placed in a 2-10-0 design
for the required high speed in reverse and the necessary trac-
tive effort. The required wheel loads could not be reached with
a 2-8-0 design, so the design remained with a locomotive with 5
driving axles and a pilot truck. From April to July of 1939 Henschel
delivered the first twelve locomotives with a steel firebox, alloy
steel for the boiler plating, a two-cylinder, super heated steam
running gear layout with a Wagner super heater as well as 232
pounds per square inch boiler excess pressure. The class 50 that
came out of this was soon destined to become the German State
Railroad’s most successful design, because this locomotive with
its approximately 1,600 horsepower and 80 km/h / 50 mph speed
quickly became a general-purpose, sturdy, reliable unit.
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