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LibreOffice Math 4.4 Manual

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Copyright
This document is Copyright © 2012–2015 by its contributors as listed below. You may distribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License
(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), version 4.0 or later.
All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.
Contributors
Peter Schofield Hazel Russman Laurent Balland-Poirier
Jean Hollis Weber
Feedback
Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to the Documentation Team’s
mailing list: documentation@global.libreoffice.org
Note: Everything you send to a mailing list, including your email address and any other personal
information that is written in the message, is publicly archived and cannot be deleted.
Acknowledgments
This guide is adapted and updated from the OpenOffice.org 3.3 Math Guide. The contributors to
that book are:
Daniel Carrera Agnes Belzunce TJ Frazier
Peter Kupfer Ian Laurenson Janet M. Swisher
Jean Hollis Weber Michele Zarri
Additional material has been added from the German Math Handbuch for LibreOffice 3.4
(translated to English by Hazel Russman). Contributors to that book are:
Regina Henschel Christian Kühl Florian Reisinger
Gisbert Friege (Dmaths) Jochen Schiffers
Additional material has been added from the French How-To Math for LibreOffice (translated to
English by Laurent Balland-Poirier). Contributors to that book are:
Bernard Siaud Frédéric Parrenin
Publication date and software version
Published 22 March 2015. Based on LibreOffice 4.4.
Documentation for LibreOffice is available at http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/documentation
Contents
Copyright..........................................................................................................................................2
Contributors.................................................................................................................................2
Feedback.................................................................................................................................... 2
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................2
Publication date and software version........................................................................................2
Preface.................................................................................................................................. 7
Who is this book for?....................................................................................................................... 9
Where to get more help................................................................................................................... 9
Help system................................................................................................................................ 9
Free online support.....................................................................................................................9
Paid support and training..........................................................................................................10
What you see may be different......................................................................................................10
Illustrations................................................................................................................................10
Icons..........................................................................................................................................10
What are all these things called?...................................................................................................11
Using LibreOffice on a Mac........................................................................................................... 12
Who wrote this book?....................................................................................................................12
Frequently asked questions...........................................................................................................12
What is new in LibreOffice 4.4?.....................................................................................................13
Chapter 1 Creating & Editing Formulas...........................................................................15
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 17
Getting started............................................................................................................................... 17
Formulas as separate documents or files................................................................................ 17
Formulas in LibreOffice documents..........................................................................................18
Creating formulas.......................................................................................................................... 19
Elements dialog........................................................................................................................ 19
Elements Dock..........................................................................................................................20
Context menu............................................................................................................................20
Markup language...................................................................................................................... 21
Greek characters...................................................................................................................... 21
Formula examples.................................................................................................................... 22
Editing formulas.............................................................................................................................23
Formula layout............................................................................................................................... 24
Using braces.............................................................................................................................24
Brackets (parentheses) and matrices.......................................................................................25
Unpaired brackets.....................................................................................................................25
Recognizing functions...............................................................................................................26
Formulas over multiple lines.....................................................................................................26
Adding limits to sum/integral commands..................................................................................27
Writing derivatives.....................................................................................................................27
Markup language characters as normal characters.................................................................28
Text in formulas.........................................................................................................................28
Aligning formulas using equals sign.........................................................................................29
Changing formula appearance......................................................................................................29
Formula font size...................................................................................................................... 29
Formula fonts............................................................................................................................31
Adjusting formula spacing........................................................................................................ 32
Adjusting formula alignment..................................................................................................... 34
Changing formula color.............................................................................................................35
Math Guide Version 4.4 | 3
Formula library...............................................................................................................................36
Using Math................................................................................................................................36
Using Writer, Calc, Draw, or Impress....................................................................................... 36
Using your formula library.........................................................................................................37
Chapter 2 Formulas in Writer............................................................................................39
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 41
Automatic formula numbering....................................................................................................... 41
Numbering.................................................................................................................................41
Cross referencing......................................................................................................................42
Anchoring formulas........................................................................................................................42
Vertical alignment.......................................................................................................................... 43
Object spacing............................................................................................................................... 43
Text mode...................................................................................................................................... 44
Background and borders............................................................................................................... 44
Backgrounds.............................................................................................................................45
Borders......................................................................................................................................46
Quick insertion of formulas............................................................................................................46
Chapter 3 Formulas in Calc, Draw & Impress.................................................................47
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 49
Anchoring formulas........................................................................................................................49
Calc........................................................................................................................................... 49
Draw and Impress.....................................................................................................................49
Formula object properties..............................................................................................................49
Formulas in charts......................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 4 Customization...................................................................................................51
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 53
Chemical formulas.........................................................................................................................53
Floating dialogs..............................................................................................................................53
Adding keyboard shortcuts............................................................................................................54
Example keyboard shortcut...................................................................................................... 54
Keyboard customize options.................................................................................................... 55
Catalog customization................................................................................................................... 56
Adding symbols.........................................................................................................................56
Editing symbols.........................................................................................................................57
Options for editing symbols...................................................................................................... 58
Formula spacing............................................................................................................................ 59
Extensions..................................................................................................................................... 59
Chapter 5 Exporting & Importing..................................................................................... 61
Math ML format..............................................................................................................................63
Microsoft file formats......................................................................................................................63
[L]: Load and convert the object............................................................................................... 63
[S]: Convert and save the object.............................................................................................. 63
Appendix A Commands Reference.................................................................................. 65
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 67
Unary/binary operator commands.................................................................................................67
Relation commands.......................................................................................................................68
4| Math Guide Version 4.4
Set operation commands...............................................................................................................70
Functions....................................................................................................................................... 71
Operators.......................................................................................................................................73
Attributes........................................................................................................................................77
Brackets.........................................................................................................................................79
Formats..........................................................................................................................................83
Others............................................................................................................................................ 85
Greek characters........................................................................................................................... 86
Special characters......................................................................................................................... 87
Reserved words.............................................................................................................................88
Math Guide Version 4.4 | 5
6| Math Guide Version 4.4
Math Guide
Preface
8 | Math Guide Version 4.4
Who is this book for?
LibreOffice Math is a formula (equation) editor that is an integral part of LibreOffice. Anyone who
wants to learn how to insert formulas and equations using Math will find this guide valuable.
If you have never used LibreOffice Math before, or you want an introduction to all of the LibreOffice
components, you might like to read the LibreOffice Getting Started Guide first.
Where to get more help
This guide, other LibreOffice user guides, the built-in Help system, and user support systems
assume that you are familiar with your computer and basic functions such as starting a program,
opening and saving files.
Help system
LibreOffice comes with an extensive Help system. This is your first line of support for using
LibreOffice.
To display the full Help system, press F1 or go to Help > LibreOffice Help on the main menu bar.
In addition, you can choose whether to activate Tips, Extended tips, and the Help Agent by going
to Tools > Options > LibreOffice > General on the main menu bar.
If Tips are enabled, hover the mouse pointer over any of the icons and a small balloon (tooltip) will
pop up giving a brief explanation of the function for that icon. For a more detailed explanation,
select Help > What's This? on the main menu bar and hover the pointer over the icon.
Free online support
The LibreOffice community not only develops software, but provides free, volunteer-based support.
See Table 1 and this web page: http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/
Table 1: Free support for LibreOffice users
Ask LibreOffice
Questions and answers from the LibreOffice community
http://ask.libreoffice.org/en/questions/
Documentation
User guides, how-tos, and other documentation.
http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/documentation/
https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Documentation/Publications
Mailing lists
Free community support is provided by a network of experienced users
http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/mailing-lists/
FAQs
Answers to frequently asked questions
http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Faq
International support
The LibreOffice website in your language.
http://global.libreoffice.org/international-sites/
International mailing lists
http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Local_Mailing_Lists
Accessibility options
Information about available accessibility options.
http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/accessibility/
You can get comprehensive online support from the community through mailing lists and the Ask
LibreOffice website, http://ask.libreoffice.org/en/questions/. Other websites run by users also offer
free tips and tutorials. This forum provides community support for LibreOffice:
http://en.libreofficeforum.org/. This site provides support for LibreOffice, among other programs:
http://forum.openoffice.org/en/forum/
Preface | 9
Paid support and training
Alternatively, you can pay for support services. Service contracts can be purchased from a vendor
or consulting firm specializing in LibreOffice.
What you see may be different
LibreOffice runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X operating systems, each of which has several
versions and can be customized by users (fonts, colors, themes, window managers).
Illustrations
The illustrations in this guide were taken from a variety of computers and operating systems.
Therefore, some illustrations will not look exactly like what you see on your computer display.
Also, some of the dialogs may be different because of the settings selected in LibreOffice. You can
either use dialogs from your computer system or dialogs provided by LibreOffice. To change to
using LibreOffice dialogs if settings have been altered:
1) Access the general options for LibreOffice as follows:
– On Linux and Windows operating systems, go to Tools > Options > LibreOffice >
General on the main menu bar to open the dialog for general options.
– On a Mac operating system, go to LibreOffice > Preferences > General on the main
menu bar to open the dialog for general options.
2) Select Use LibreOffice dialogs in Open/Save dialogs to display and use the LibreOffice
dialogs for opening and saving files.
3) For Linux operating systems only, select Use LibreOffice dialogs in Print Dialogs to display
and use the LibreOffice dialogs for printing your documents.
4) Click OK to save your settings and close the dialog.
Note
If you are using a Linux operating system as a virtual machine on a computer running a
Windows or Mac operating system, then the LibreOffice option of using Print Dialogs
is not available.
Icons
The icons used to illustrate some of the many tools available in LibreOffice may differ from the
ones used in this guide. The icons in this guide have been taken from a LibreOffice installation that
has been set to display the Galaxy set of icons. If you wish, you can change your LibreOffice
software package to display Galaxy icons as follows:
1) Access the view options for LibreOffice as follows:
– On Linux and Windows operating systems, go to Tools > Options > LibreOffice >
View on the main menu bar to open the dialog for view options.
– On a Mac operating system, go to LibreOffice > Preferences > View on the main
menu bar to open the dialog for view options.
2) In User interface, select Galaxy from the options available in the Icon size and style drop-
down list.
3) Click OK to save your settings and close the dialog.
10 | Math Guide Version 4.4
NOTE
Some Linux operating systems, for example Ubuntu, include LibreOffice as part of the
installation and may not include the Galaxy icon set. You should be able to download
the Galaxy icon set from the software repository for your Linux operating system.
What are all these things called?
The terms used in LibreOffice for most parts of the user interface (the parts of the program you see
and use, in contrast to the behind-the-scenes code that actually makes it work) are the same as for
most other programs.
A dialog is a special type of window. Its purpose is to inform you of something, or request input
from you, or both. It provides controls for you to use to specify how to carry out an action. The
technical names for common controls are shown in Figure 1. In most cases we do not use the
technical terms in this book, but it is useful to know them because the Help and other sources of
information often use them.
Figure 1: Dialog (from Calc) showing common controls
1) Tabbed page (not strictly speaking a control).
2) Radio buttons (only one can be selected at a time).
3) Checkbox (more than one can be selected at a time).
4) Spin box (click the up and down arrows to change the number shown in the text box next to
it, or type in the text box).
5) Thumbnail or preview.
6) Drop-down list from which to select an item.
7) Push buttons.
Preface | 11
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