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LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Würselen
Germany
E-Mail: info@lancom.eu
Internet www.lancom.eu
LANCOM L-320agn Wireless
LANCOM L-321agn Wireless
LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless
LANCOM L-320agn Wireless LANCOM L-321agn Wireless
LANCOM L-321agn dual Wireless
쮿
Handbuch
쮿
Manual
...connecting your business
110xxx_LC-L32x-MANUAL_cover.indd1 1110xxx_LC-L32x-MANUAL_cover.indd1 1 16.03.2010 05:53:4016.03.2010 05:53:40
LANCOM L-320agn Wireless
LANCOM L-321agn Wireless
LANCOM L-322agn dual Wireless
© 2011 LANCOM Systems GmbH, Wuerselen (Germany). All rights reserved.
While the information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of product
characteristics. LANCOM Systems shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the use of its contents
is subject to written authorization from LANCOM Systems. We reserve the right to make any alterations that arise as the
result of technical development.
Windows®, Windows Vista™, Windows NT® and Microsoft® are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Corp.
The LANCOM Systems logo, LCOS and the name LANCOM are registered trademarks of LANCOM Systems GmbH. All other
names or descriptions used may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners.
Subject to change without notice. No liability for technical errors or omissions.
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http:/
/www.openssl.org/).
Products from LANCOM Systems include cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com
).
Products from LANCOM Systems include software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
Products from LANCOM Systems contain the LZMA SDK developed by Igor Pavlov.
LANCOM Systems GmbH
Adenauerstr. 20/B2
52146 Wuerselen
Germany
www.lancom.eu
Wuerselen, Juli 2011
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Contents
7
EN
4 Security settings 45
4.1 Security in the wireless LAN 45
4.1.1 Encrypted data transfer 45
4.1.2 802.1x / EAP 46
4.1.3 LANCOM Enhanced Passphrase Security 46
4.1.4 Access control by MAC address 47
4.1.5 IPSec over WLAN 47
4.2 Tips for the proper treatment of keys and passphrases 48
4.3 Security settings Wizard 48
4.3.1 LANconfig Wizard 49
4.3.2 WEBconfig Wizard 50
4.4 The security checklist 50
5 Advanced wireless LAN configuration 55
5.1 WLAN configuration with the wizards in LANconfig 55
5.2 Special wireless LAN parameters for 802.11n 57
5.2.1 Compatibility 57
5.2.2 Performance settings for the wireless LAN module 57
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks 58
5.2.4 Configuring 802.11n parameters 60
5.3 Point-to-point connections 61
5.3.1 Geometric dimensioning of outdoor wireless network
links 62
5.3.2 Antenna alignment for P2P operations 66
5.3.3 Measuring wireless bridges 68
5.3.4 Activating the point-to-point operation mode 68
5.3.5 Configuration of P2P connections 69
5.3.6 Access points in relay mode 72
5.3.7 Security for point-to-point connections 72
5.4 Client mode 74
5.4.1 Client settings 75
5.4.2 Set the SSID of the available networks 76
5.4.3 Encryption settings 76
5.4.4 Roaming 77
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Contents
8
EN
6 Setting up Internet access 79
6.1 The Internet Connection Wizard 80
6.1.1 Instructions for LANconfig 80
6.1.2 Instructions for WEBconfig 81
7 Options and accessories 82
7.1 Optional AirLancer Extender antennas 83
7.1.1 Antenna diversity 83
7.1.2 Polarization diversity 84
7.1.3 MIMO 84
7.1.4 Installing the AirLancer Extender antennas 84
7.2 LANCOM Public Spot Option 86
8 Advice & assistance 88
8.1 No WAN connection can be established 88
8.2 Slow DSL transmission 88
8.3 Unwanted connections under Windows XP 89
9 Appendix 90
9.1 Performance and characteristics 90
9.2 Connector wiring 92
9.2.1 Ethernet interface 10/100Base-TX 92
9.2.2 Ethernet interface 10/100/1000Base-TX, DSL interface92
9.2.3 Configuration interface (outband) 93
9.3 CE-declarations of conformity 93
10 Index 94
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
12
EN
Modulation of digital data into analog carrier signals
Modulation of the carrier signal into a radio signal in the selected fre-
quency band, which for a wireless LAN is either 2.4 or 5 GHz.
The second modulation step in IEEE 802.11n occurs in the same way as in
conventional wireless LAN standards and is therefore not covered here.
However, there are a number of changes in the way digital data are modula-
ted into analog signals in 802.11n.
Improved OFDM modulation (MIMO-OFDM)
Like 802.11a/g, 802.11n uses the OFDM scheme (Orthogonal Frequency Divi-
sion Multiplex) as its method of modulation. This modulates the data signal
not on just one carrier signal but in parallel over several. The data throughput
that can be achieved with OFDM modulation depends on the following para-
meters, among other things:
Number of carrier signals: Whereas 802.11a/g uses 48 carrier signals,
802.11n can use a maximum of 52.
Payload data rate: Airborne data transmission is fundamentally unreli-
able. Even small glitches in the WLAN system can result in errors in data
transmission. Check sums are used to compensate for these errors, but
these take up a part of the available bandwidth. The payload data rate
indicates the ratio between theoretically available bandwidth and actual
payload. 802.11a/g can operate at payload rates of 1/2 or 3/4 while
802.11n can use up to 5/6 of the theoretically available bandwidth for
payload data.
20 MHz 20 MHz
IEEE 802.11a/b/g:
48 carrier signals
IEEE 802.11n:
52 carrier signals
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
13
EN
These two features increase the maximum useable bandwidth of 54 Mbps for
802.11a/g to 65 Mbps for 802.11n. This increase is not exactly spectacular,
but it can be further improved by using the following features:
MIMO technology
MIMO (multiple input multiple output) is the most important new technology
contained in 802.11n. MIMO uses several transmitters and several receivers
to transmit up to four parallel data streams on the same transmission channel
(currently only two parallel data streams have been implemented). The result
is an increase in data throughput and improved wireless coverage.
For example, the Access Point splits the data into two groups which are then
sent simultaneously via separate antennas to the WLAN client. Data through-
put can therefore be doubled using two transmitting and receiving antennas.
But how can several signals be transmitted on a single channel simultane-
ously? This was considered impossible with previous WLAN applications.
Let us consider how data is transmitted in "normal" wireless LAN networks:
Depending on antenna type, an Access Point's antenna broadcasts data in
several directions simultaneously. These electromagnetic waves are reflected
Gross bandwidth
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 1/2
Checksum Payload data
Payload rate for 802.11a/b/g: 3/4
Maximum payload rate for 802.11n: 5/6
MIMO AP 802.11n
MIMO Client 802.11n
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
15
EN
MIMO thus allows the simultaneous transmission of several signals over one
shared medium, such as the air. Individual transmitters and receivers must be
positioned a minimum distance apart from one another, although this is just
a few centimeters. This separation results in differing reflections and signal
paths that can be used to separate the signals.
Generally speaking, MIMO can provide up to four parallel data streams, which
are also called "spatial streams". However, the current generation of chips can
only implement two parallel data streams as the separation of data streams
based on characteristic path information demands high levels of computing
power, which consumes both time and electricity. The latter tends to be unde-
sirable particularly for WLAN systems, where attempts are often made to
achieve independence from power sockets at the WLAN client or when using
PoE as the electricity supply for the Access Point.
Even if the aim of four spatial streams has not yet been achieved, the use of
two separate data connections results in a doubling of data throughput,
which represents a true technological leap in the area of WLAN systems. Com-
bined with the improvements in OFDM modulation, the data throughput that
can be attained increases to 130 Mbps.
The short description "transmitter x receiver" expresses the actual number of
transmitting and receiving antennas. 2x2 MIMO describes two transmitting
and two receiving antennas.
MIMO in outdoor use
Outdoor 802.11n applications cannot use natural reflections since signal
transmission usually takes place over the direct path between directional
MIMO AP 802.11n
MIMO Client 802.11n
A
B
1
2
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
18
EN
Transmitting data in shorter intervals thus increases the maximum data
throughput when using improved OFDM modulation, two parallel data
streams and transmission at 40 MHz to 300 Mbps.
1.2.4 The MAC layer
Frame aggregation
The improvements in the physical layer brought about by the new 802.11n ini-
tially describe only the theoretical data throughput of the physical medium.
However, the share of this theoretical bandwidth that is actually available for
payload data is limited by two factors:
in addition to the actual payload data, each data packet in a wireless LAN
system contains additional information such as a preamble and MAC
address information.
Time is lost to the management events that occur when the transmission
medium is actually accessed. Thus the transmitter must negotiate access
authorization with the other receivers before transmitting each data
packet (frame); further delays are caused by data packet collisions and
other events.
This loss, referred to as "overhead", can be reduced by combining several data
packets together to form one large frame and transmitting them together. In
this process, information such as the preamble are only transmitted once for
all the combined data packets and delays due to negotiating access to the
transmission medium only occur at longer intervals.
The use of this method, known as frame aggregation, is subject to certain
restrictions:
As information such as MAC address only needs to be transmitted once
for the aggregated frame, only those data packets intended for the same
address can be combined.
All data packets that are to be combined into a single large frame must
be available at the sender at the time of aggregation—as a consequence
some data packets may have to wait until enough data packets for the
same destination are available with which they can be combined. This
aspect may represent a significant limitation for time-critical transmissi-
ons such as voice over IP.
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 1: Introduction
21
EN
WEP encryption (up to 128 Bit key length, WEP152)
✔✔✔
IEEE 802.1x/EAP
✔✔✔
MAC address filter (ACL)
✔✔✔
Individual passphrases per MAC address (LEPS)
✔✔✔
Closed network function
✔✔✔
Integrated RADIUS server
✔✔✔
VLAN
✔✔✔
Intra-Cell Blocking
✔✔✔
WLAN QoS (IEEE 802.11e, WME)
✔✔✔
LAN Connection
Gigabit ethernet connector 10/100/1000 Base-TX,
autosensing, auto node-hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
111
Fast Ethernet LAN port (10/100Base-TX), Autosensing,
Auto Node-Hub, PoE by IEEE 802.3af
1
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
✔✔
2x
redundant
DHCP and DNS server
✔✔✔
WAN Connection
Connection for DSL or cable modem
✔✔✔
Connection for serial modem
✔✔✔
Internet access (IP router)
Stateful-Inspection Firewall
✔✔✔
Firewall filters (IP addresses, ports)
✔✔✔
IP masquerading (NAT, PAT)
✔✔✔
Quality of Service
✔✔✔
LANCOM
L-320agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-321agn
Wireless
LANCOM
L-322agn
dual Wireless
LANCOM L-32x Access Point series
Chapter 5: Advanced wireless LAN configuration
58
EN
Double bandwidth (40 MHz channels)
A wireless LAN module normally uses a frequency range of 20 MHz in
which data to be transmitted is modulated to the carrier signals. 802.11a/
b/g use 48 carrier signals in a 20 MHz channel. The use of double the fre-
quency range of 40 MHz means that 96 carrier signals can be used, resul-
ting in a doubling of the data throughput.
802.11n can use 52 carrier signals in one 20 MHz channel for modulation
and up to 108 in a 40 MHz channel. The use of the 40 MHz option for
802.11n therefore means a performance gain of more than double.
Antenna grouping
The L-32x Access Points use two antennas for transmitting and receiving
data. Using several antennas with 802.11n can have different purposes:
Improved data throughput: Using "spatial multiplexing" allows par-
allel data streams to be implemented to transmit double the amount
of data.
Improving wireless coverage: Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) can be used
to transmit a radio signal in different phases. This reduces the risk of
the signal being erased at certain points in the radio cell.
Depending on the application the use of the antennas can be set:
When using the device in Access Point mode to connect wireless LAN
clients it is necessary to use all antennas in parallel in order to profit
from the MIMO effect and to achieve good network coverage.
For applications with only one antenna (for example an outdoor
application with just one antenna) the antenna is connected to port 1
and port 2 should be deactivated
The ''Auto' setting means that all available antennas are used.
5.2.3 Performance settings for wireless LAN networks
Some performance settings can be configured separately for each logical
wireless LAN network (i.e. for each SSID).
Number of spatial streams
The spatial multiplexing function allows several separate data streams to
be transmitted over separate antennas in order to increase data through-
put. When using external antennas, please observe that the number of
spatial streams can be transmitted by the antenna system (e.g. two with
59


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