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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL
What Are Composites?
The term “composites” refers to the fact that a part or
parts are made up of different components or materi-
als. You’ve heard the term “carbon ber bike.” This really
means “composite bike.
Carbon ber composites are typically a strong, light ber
in a matrix of plastic, molded to form a shape. Carbon
composites are light relative to metals. Steel weighs 7.8
grams/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter), titanium 4.5
grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/cm3. Contrast these
numbers with carbon ber composite at 1.45 grams/cm3.
The composites with the best strength-to-weight ratios
are made of carbon ber in a matrix of epoxy plastic. The
epoxy matrix bonds the carbon bers together, transfers
load to other bers, and provides a smooth outer surface.
The carbon bers are the “skeleton” that carries the load.
Why Are Composites Used?
Unlike metals, which have uniform properties in all direc-
tions (engineers call this isotropic), carbon bers can be
placed in specic orientations to optimize the structure for
particular loads. The choice of where to place the carbon
bers gives engineers a powerful tool to create strong,
light bicycles. Engineers may also orient bers to suit
other goals such as comfort and vibration damping. Car-
bon ber composites are very corrosion resistant, much
more so than most metals. Think about carbon ber or
berglass boats. Carbon ber materials have a very high
strength-to-weight ratio.
What Are The Limits Of Composites?
Well designed “composite” or carbon ber bicycles and
components have long fatigue lives, usually better than
their metal equivalents.
While fatigue life is an advantage of carbon ber, you must still
regularly inspect your carbon ber frame, fork, or components
.
Fatigue Is Not A Perfectly Predictable Science
Fatigue is not a perfectly predictable science, but here are
some general factors to help you and your dealer determine
how often your bicycle should be inspected. The more you
t the “shorten product life” prole, the more frequent your
need to inspect. The more you t the “lengthen product
life” prole, the less frequent your need to inspect
.
WARNING: Do not ride a bicycle or component with
any crack, bulge or dent, even a small one. Riding a
cracked frame, fork or component could lead to com-
plete failure, with risk of serious injury or death.
B) UNDERSTANDING COMPOSITES
All riders must understand a fundamental reality
of composites. Composite materials constructed of
carbon bers are strong and light, but when crashed or
overloaded, carbon bers do not bend, they break. 41
2K17_Kona_Owners_Manual.indd 41 29.1.2016 15.27
41


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