Manual Kompozer 07 (page 53 of 58) (English)

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KompoZer User Guide — 17 December 2007 Based on version 0.7.10 53

A7.1 Preliminary

A7.1.1 Introduction

When web pages are printed the re-

sults are sometimes unsatisfactory. Us-

ing CSS, authors can often improve this

significantly though browser support for

some print rules is still somewhat limited.

Although web pages are most commonly viewed on

screen site visitors sometimes wish to print them to

hard copy. This is particularly so with pages carrying

information about an order or order confirmation,

though it could occur for almost any page.

One approach is to offer a special ‘printer friendly’

version of a page. This is accessed via a link on the

page and can be formatted to produce a good printed

result. One penalty is that two versions of a page must

be maintained with concomitant risk that the content

of the two may differ; another is that the visitor may

miss the link and use the normal method of printing so

the effort is wasted.

Fortunately CSS styles provide an alternative ap-

proach. A special printer style sheet can be developed;

all pages on a site can be linked to it and no special

editing of individual pages is required. A page may then

be printed using menu instructions such as File > Print

in a browser.

Those unfamiliar with CSS should return to Section

4 of the User Guide and learn how to use Styles in

KompoZer before proceeding further.

A7.1.2 Printer style sheets

Printer stylesheets can be either internal or external

(linked) sheets. What is needed is some means of

identifying such sheets with the purpose for which they

are intended. This is done using one of two methods.

For complete style sheets specify the ‘media’

attribute for the link or style element.

For individual style rules or groups of rules use

the @media rule.

A7.1.2.1 Style sheets – media="print"

The normal form of a link to an external style sheet,

in the header of a file, is <link rel="stylesheet"

href="stylefile.css" type="text/css">.

The normal form for the opening tag for an internal

style sheet is <style type="text/css">

With KompoZer, when you open CaScadeS and

click a sheet, in the general tab the 'Media list' shows

'all'. This indicates that the styles in the file apply to all

media.

Normal style sheets can be changed to 'print' style

sheets very easily. Proceed as follows

1 Open CaScadeS

2 In the Sheets and rules window click on the

stylesheet. The general tab will be opened.

3 In the Media list box the word 'all' will appear.

Overtype it with the word 'print'.

4 Close the CaScadeS. (If the OK button is inac-

cessible click any stylesheet then any rule and

then click OK.)

If you now inspect the code it will have been

changed to:

For an external stylesheet <link media="print"

rel="stylesheet" href="stylefile.css"

type="text/css">

For an internal stylesheet <style media="print"

type="text/css">

Note. When using KompoZer, if you re-open

CaScadeS the entry in the 'Media list' box will

not have changed. This is a bug. To correct this

save the file and revert.

This shows that the sheet applies only to print

media. In the absence of a media attribute a sheet

applies to all media.

Note Although CaScadeS may show the media

list as 'all' and this is in fact a recognised media

type the stylesheet itself does not contain this

information. However it will default to applying

to all media types.

A7.1.2.2 Individual style rules – @media

Sheets that apply to all media may have individual

rules tagged to apply only to print media. To do this

rules must be enclosed in the @media rule.

For example the body could be styled to remove the

margin and background and specify the font size in

printer units

@media print {

body { margin: 0; background-image: none;

font-size: 12pt; }

}

This shows a single rule being changed but rules

may be grouped.

@media print {

p { font-size: 10pt; }

h1 { font-size: 14pt; }

h2 { font-size: 12pt; }

}

KompoZer does not offer any way of implementing

this method automatically so if you want to use the

@media rule you must edit the style sheet to add the

@media by hand. Once created CaScadeS can be used

to edit, add or delete rules.

A7.1.3 Media types

This appendix is about 'Print' type media. The CSS

specification includes the following types: Braille, Em-

bossed, Handheld, Print, Projection, Screen, Speech,

tty and TV. At present only Screen and, to a lesser

extent, print are widely supported.

An earlier version of the specification had an 'Aural'

type but this has been replaced by 'Speech'.

A7.2 Styles for printing

So what changes might you want to make to make

a page print better?

Appendix 7 - Making pages Printable

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