Manual Kompozer 07 (page 29 of 58) (English)

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KompoZer User Guide — 17 December 2007 Based on version 0.7.10 29

8 Click ‘Create Style rule’

9 You are now presented

with a window headed

‘Selector’ followed by the

tag for the element. The

window actually lists the

style declarations for that id, but of course that

is now blank.

To apply an ID

While, in principle, ids are similar to classes it is

not possible to apply an id via the class selector box

but the method is still easy.

1 If necessary close CaScadeS

2 Click in the div to which you wish to apply the id

3 On the status bar click the <div> tag. If there is

more than one, select that furthest to the right.

Both the tag and the content of the div should be

highlighted

4 Without moving the cursor right-click and select

'id'

5 From the pop-up list select and click the id

required

Warning You can apply each id only once on a

page. KompoZer at version 0.7.10 will ensure

that this occurs however if you apply an id that

is already in use no warning is given and the id

will be applied as requested with the first in-

stance being removed.

4.3 Removing styles

CaScadeS allows you to remove styles in a similar

way to adding them.

In the ‘Sheets and rules’ pane select the rule

you want to remove and click ‘Remove’.

Similarly you can remove a stylesheet. Select the

sheet and click ‘Remove’. If you select an internal

stylesheet it is deleted from the file completely.

Warning this deletion cannot be ‘undone’.

If you remove an external stylesheet the link on the

page is removed irreversibly but the external file is left

intact.

4.4 Inheritance

A web page has a hierarchical structure e.g. text in

a table cell sits under the ‘Table'’. You see some of this

structure in ‘HTML Tags view’.

Inheritance means that style properties set at a

high level in the structure e.g. at ‘Body’ level will be

applied at lower levels unless specifically re-specified.

So a font family set the ‘Table’ element will be applied

to everything in the table but if you include a para-

graph in the table and set a different font for the ‘p’

element then that will be applied. Section 4.2.1.1 has

already shown a small demonstration of the effect.

Inheritance is very useful as it allows properties to

be set once in a style sheet rather than having to be

applied to every element that you want to use that

property.

You will have to consult a detailed specification

(such as appendix F ‘Full property table’ of the CSS2.1

specification) to see what is inherited and what is not

but, in general, you can assume that all properties are

inherited except things like Background, Border, Mar-

gin, Padding, Width and positioning.

4.5 The division <div> element

The <div> element has been mentioned only in

passing so far. A div establishes a ‘division’, i.e. a

section of a page, to contain a number of elements.

(Within the div styles are often applied in particular

ways as will be touched on later.) The remainder of

this section is not intended as a full explanation of

what a div is or how to use it rather it is an explanation

of how to create and populate a div using. Other

aspects of divs are likely to be beyond the interest of

beginners.

4.5.1 Creating divs

To create a div

1 Place the cursor where the div is to be created.

Note Do not try to create a div as the last item

on a page unless you do not need to add items

after it.

Note It may be easier to see what is happening

in HTML tags view with View > Block outline

selected.

2 Click the first drop-down box on format 1 toolbar.

3 Click the last option at the bottom of the list –

Generic container (div).

4 The div is created formatted as body text.

It is now possible to insert any desired item into the

div e.g. Text or images. Text may then be selected and

formatted as paragraphs etc. If required, divs may be

inserted so that a set of nested divs is produced.

Sometimes difficulty may be experienced such that

elements in a div disappear when an attempt is made

to populate them. To avoid this, it is undesirable to

insert empty elements, so either insert, for example,

one paragraph at a time or enter some dummy text as

a placeholder.

To apply a class to a div

Proceed in the normal way (see section 4.2.3.1).

The class selector box may be used to apply a class to

a div but it will not display the class which has been

set. The preferred method to use is via the highlighted

tag on the status bar which can be used to add or

remove classes.

To inspect or change a class

Use the status bar to access the class.

Elements within a div may have styles applied in

the all the normal ways.

You can use the same technique to escape from

other block elements.

To leave a div

Click in any area out-

side the div. This is why a

div should never be the last

item on a page it will be

impossible to leave it ex-

cept to visit an item higher

on the page.

Unique divisions

A common use of divs is

for unique regions of a

page. Examples might be a

menu, a table of contents

or the main text area. In

such cases rather than applying a class to a div it is

more appropriate to use an ‘id’.

Tip: id names must

start with a letter oth-

erwise they may use

the same characters

as class names.

Tip: If you do get

‘trapped’ in the last divi-

sion on page need to

work between two touch-

ing divs in the flow there

is a way to escape. Click

on the last item in the

division and then on the

marker for the div on the

status bar. Next press

the down arrow key. This

will take the pointer to

below the div though the

cursor will not be visible.

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