Manual Knex 78780 - Education DNA Replication Teachers Guide (page 12 of 46) (All languages)

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MODULE I: DNA STRUCTURE

Objectives

Students will be able to:

1. Describe the DNA molecule.

2. Identify the component parts of the DNA molecule (bonds, nitrogen bases, deoxyribose sugar,

phosphate).

3. Identify a nucleotide.

4. Understand the concept of base pairing in double-stranded DNA.

mAteriAls

Each student group should have the following:

• 1K’NEX DNA, Replication and Transcription kit with building instructions booklet

• Studentjournals(1perstudent)

PreliminAry Activity: Constructing the DNA Ladder

• StudentsshouldconstructtheDNAladder-likestructurebyfollowingthedirectionsonPages2-5

in the K’NEX DNA, Replication and Transcription kit building instructions booklet. The flat DNA

ladder that is constructed should be used as a reference for the following discussion.

•Studentsshouldnot proceed with twisting the ladder (Step 3 on Page 4 of the building instructions

booklet) until this first lesson has been completed.

intrOductiOn: The Structure of the DNA Ladder

DNA exists most commonly in nature as a double helical structure. The double helix of DNA resembles

a twisted ladder. A closer inspection of the chemical structure of the DNA ladder reveals that the side

rails are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar of DNA, deoxyribose, is

represented by the gray piece on the K’NEX DNA model. The phosphate molecule is the light blue Clip

on the K’NEX DNA model. These two molecules are connected by the purple Rod (the phosphodiester

bond) on the K’NEX model.

Notice that the starting end of the DNA molecule always has a free phosphate group hanging on the

5’-end. This is demonstrated by the light blue Clip and purple Rod extending beyond the deoxyribose,

(gray piece,) on each opposite side of the K’NEX double-stranded DNA model.

∆ The repeating sugar-phosphate groups making up a single strand of DNA are often referred to as

the molecular backbone. The deoxyribose sugar (see Figure 1 below) has two connecting sites for

the phosphate: the OH groups found on the 3’- and 5’- carbons (spoken “three-prime and five-prime

carbons”). The reason these carbons are numbered with the prime system is because the attached

nitrogen-containing bases are the starting point for the molecular numbering system. Carbons on

attached molecules are numbered with the prime system.

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Knex 78780 - Education DNA Replication Teachers Guide Manual

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