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Demandez à la classe quels autres types de structures sont solides et rigides – quelles formes sont utilisées dans ces
structures? Si nécessaire, rappelez aux étudiants qu’une structure rectangulaire peut être renforcée en ajoutant une
diagonale. Les étudiants doivent pouvoir explorer ce concept si les activités préparatoires n’ont pas été réalisées.
36
Expliquez à la classe que les triangles
sont des formes particulièrement solides
– il s’agit en fait de la seule figure
géométrique ne pouvant être déformée.
Demandez à la classe de nommer des
structures triangulaires.
Expliquez comment les ingénieurs utilisent les triangles pour former une charpente nommée poutre triangulée.
Les poutres triangulées peuvent être utilisées pour construire de longues portées et renforcer une structure sans
ajouter de poids au pont. Le pont en poutre à treillis est conçu comme une charpente de triangles qui empêche
une structure de plier, de se tordre ou de se déformer.
Activité de construction facultative
Demandez aux étudiants de construire
un carré en utilisant 8 pièces K’NEX
(4 tiges bleues et 4 connecteurs gris
foncé à 90 degrés).
Demandez-leur d’essayer de tordre
légèrement le carré. Ensuite, demandez-
leur d’ajouter une tige (tige gris foncé) à
ce carré et de noter leurs observations.
Quelle forme ont-ils créée dans leur
rectangle?
Le carré est moins flexible.
Les étudiants peuvent suggérer les bases triangulaires
d’une balançoire, les pignons d’une toiture…
Deux triangles.
LES PONTS
INTRODUCTION AUX STRUCTURES
Education
®
38


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