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A�Quick�Guide�to��
Structures:�Bridges
What is a bridge?
A bridge is a structure that is used to cross
some form of barrier, making it easier get to
one place from another. Other barriers, such
as rivers, have always confronted travellers
and traders who wanted to take the shortest,
quickest and safest route to complete their
journeys. Any study of bridges through time
demonstrates the ways in which human
ingenuity and resourcefulness have been
applied to improve the movement of goods
and people from place to place. Today,
engineers can design and build bridges
that connect countries and cultures, link
chains of islands, cross barriers such as
wide estuaries, go over busy highways and
join one part of a building to another. Elevated
sections of motorways can also be thought
of as bridges. Bridges carry motor vehicles,
trains, pedestrians, animals, pipelines and
open channels of water.
The type of bridge that is constructed will
be determined by the barrier to be crossed.
Some barriers are narrow - a small stream
may be only a metre or so wide and requires
a simple structure to span the gap. Others
barriers, such as river estuaries, may be
many kilometres wide and require complex
bridge designs.
The earliest bridges were probably fallen tree
trunks or stone slabs placed across a small
gap – in effect, a simple beam bridge. This
type of bridge comprises a horizontal beam
supported at each end by vertical supports
known as piers.
beampier
Fig. 1 Long beam bending
A wider gap probably did not create too many
problems for people travelling on foot – the
beam would bend a little in the middle but a
person could still cross the barrier.
Education
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