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A�Quick�Guide��
to�Inclined�Planes
Key Facts
 • Aninclinedplanecanbeusedtoliftloads
through vertical distances.
 • Thelongertheslope,thelesseffortis
needed to complete the task, but the
distance over which the effort must be
applied is increased.
 • Aninclinedplaneisanexampleofa
simple machine.
 • Asimplemachineisatoolthatmakesit
easier to do tasks by changing the way
they are done. A simple machine cannot
change the task itself.
 • Inclinedplanescanalsobeusedto
control the rate of descent of an object
from a height.
Different Uses of Inclined Planes
Inclined planes are found not only in ramps
but also, as noted above, in smaller tools.
Many cutting tools, such as knives, chisels,
scissors, axes and forks use a moving inclined
plane or wedge. You are probably familiar with
the door wedge. Look at its shape; it is
typically an inclined plane.
When a wedge is pushed down into an object,
the object it is pushing against is forced apart
sideways in a direction that is at right angles to
the movement of the wedge.
Door wedge: As the door
wedge moves forwards,
the slope pushes upwards
against the door. Friction
stops the wedge sliding
backwards.
The greater the distance the wedge moves
into the object, the greater are the lateral
forces produced.
The wedge works in exactly the same way as
a ramp but with its sharp end pointing down.
A knife is a thin wedge (gentle slope). Its
action results in a small separation of the two
sides of an object with a small amount of
applied force.
An axe is a fat wedge (steep slope). Its
action causes a large separation of the sides
of the object, but this needs a large amount of
applied force.
Knife blade.
Axe head: Two inclined
planes back-to-back.
Scissors: Two inclined
planes moving in opposite
directions across each
other.
Education
®
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