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* Amplifying forces to help lift
heavyobjectsusinglittleeffort.
* The circular motion of a
motor is transferred to wheels
or cylinders.
* Changing the direction
of movement.
Some examples you may want to discuss with the
children include:
* liftingheavyobjects,asincranesorrunningaflag
up a flagpole.
* transferring movement and forces in sewing
machines and vacuum cleaners.
* moving equipment in the gym or even opening
and closing curtains.
NOTE: Care should be taken when pulling down on the
string so it does not slip. The string should be grasped just
belowthepulleyandpulleddownSLOWLY.
 • Doesthepulleymakeliftingthemasseasier?
* What types of movement are produced by
pulley systems?
* (i) Linear: by the moving load
and the pulling force.
(ii) Rotary: by the pulley wheel.
Working in Groups of 2-3
(If the children have added the string to their flagpole, ask
them to remove it before beginning this next activity.)
 • Askthechildrentocompletethefollowing:
Step 1: Attach a slotted mass to one end of the string
and simply lift it vertically by hand. Ask them to feel how
much force or effort is needed to lift the mass. What
happens when they let go of the string?
Step 2: Pass the string over the pulley. Lift the mass by
pulling the string. Feel how much force is now needed to
lift the mass.
The pulling force is the effort, while
the mass being lifted is the load. This
is the same as in levers. When using
the fixed pulley the children pull down
on the string to raise the mass. It is
easier to pull down on the string using
a pulley because “body” weight can
also be used to help the pulling
forces. (Ask them to remember the
demonstration at the beginning of the
lesson when a pupil reached down
to lift up a heavy load.) When pulling
directly upwards only “muscle” power
can be used. In fact, the same amount
of effort is used in both cases.
• Askthechildrentousestickerstolabelthefixedpulley
and the directions of movements of the effort and load.
levers and pulleys
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
Lesson 7: The Flagpole
Education
®
46


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