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A�Quick�Guide�to�Pulleys
In the example shown in Fig. 2, two pulleys
are used. The weight of the load being raised
is distributed equally between the two parts of
the rope on either side of the movable pulley.
The force needed to hold the system in
balance or to raise it is now only half that of
the load. The downside is that the effort force
must move twice as far as the load. For
example, to lift a 20N load a height of 3cm.
the 10N effort force must move a distance
of 6cm.
Compound Pulleys
Compound pulleys are made from two or
more sets of pulleys connected by the same
rope. The upper set is made from fixed pul-
leys attached to a frame, while the lower
set is made from movable pulleys. Effort is
applied by pulling down on the rope or chain.
Compound pulleys not only change the
direction of the applied force but they also
increase the force applied to the load.
As more pulleys are used, less and less effort
is needed to lift heavy loads. In Fig. 3, the
K’NEX block and tackle model has 4 strings
supporting the two lower movable pulleys.
The number of supporting strings equals the
number of times the pulley system multiplies
the effort force.
If the load to be lifted by the K’NEX block
and tackle model is 4N, then the effort force
required to lift it will be 1N. This is because the
load is divided between four parts of the rope,
each part carrying a quarter of the load.
If the load is raised 1cm, the cumulative effect
on the distance moved by the effort will be 4
x 1cm. In this example the effort will move 4
times the distance moved by the load.
Fig. 3
Education
®
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