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33
Teacher’s Notes
To promote the wider use and
application of ICT skills and practices,
the children’s models and work might
be recorded using a digital camera.
 • Askthechildrentodescribeandexplaintheir
observations. To demonstrate how a hockey stick works
they should use labelled drawings, which include the
positions of the fulcrum, effort and load as well as the
direction of the forces that are applied.
 • Howdothepositionsofthefulcrum,effortandload
compare to the other two examples of levers the
children have investigated?
In 3rd Class levers the effort is
positioned between the load and the
fulcrum. This means that 3rd Class
levers are not as efficient as the other
two lever types because the load will
always be further from the fulcrum
than the effort. As a consequence,
a much larger effort is now needed to
move even a small load.
The main advantage of a 3rd Class
lever is its use in making the load
end move very quickly, as happens
in fishing rods, cricket bats, softball
bats, tennis racquets and golf clubs.
See A Quick Guide to Levers for
additional information on the three
types of levers.
Further information is also available
from the following Internet web sites:
www.howstuffworks.com;
www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/
machines/levers.shtml;
www.flying-pig.co.uk
Working in Groups 2-3
 • Remindthechildrenoftheirdesigntask:Toprovide
evidence to help the hockey player in the photograph on
Page 8 of the Building Instructions decide on the type of
stick he needs to improve his hitting capabilities.
 • Discussthetaskwiththechildrenandaskthemhowthey
will set about their investigation.
  •Howwilltheytesttheirdesigns?
  •Whatwilltheytest?
  •Whatwilltheymeasureandrecord?
  •Howmighttheypresenttheirresultswithreferenceto
the original design specification?
  •Discusstheneedtouseafairtestwithwhichto
evaluate their design ideas.
If the children perform their test by
hand then each test hit may be
different. One possible method to
eliminate the variability in the test
and allow an equal strength hit on
each occasion would be to attach
the K’NEX ice hockey stick to a stand
and allow it to swing from a mea-
sured height. The greater the height
from which the ice hockey stick blade
swings, the harder will be the hit on
the ball.
Ask: Do the test balls all need to be
the same weight? If not, how might
this affect their results? How might they
obtain equally weighted paper balls?
3rd Class Lever
Lesson 5: The Ice Hockey Stick
Education
®
levers and pulleys
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
34


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