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51
(3) Diámetro del perno
El par de apriete difiere según el diámetro del perno,
tal como se muestra en las Fig. 14-1, 14-2 y 14-3.
Generalmente, cuanto mayor sea el diámetro del
perno, mayor será la tensión de apriete.
50
40
30
20
10
0
012345678910
500
60600
400
300
200
100
0
kgf
cm
N
m
Tornillo M8 × 30 mm
Tornillo
M4 × 30 mm
Tornillo M5 × 30 mm
Tornillo
M6 × 30 mm
Torsión de apriete
Torsión de apriete
Tiempo de apriete: seg
(
Grosor de la plancha
de
acero t = 10 mm)
Valor de ajuste del dial
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 123
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1201200
kgf
cm
N
m
M12 × 45
Perno ordinario
Perno de gran resis-
tencia a la tracción
Fig. 14-3Fig. 14-1
Torsión de apriete
Tiempo de apriete: seg
(
Grosor de la plancha
de
acero t = 10 mm)
Fig. 14-2
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 123
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1201200
kgf
cm
N
m
M10 × 30
Perno ordinario
Perno de gran resis-
tencia a la tracción
Perno de gran resistencia
a la tracción M10 × 30 mm
(Grosor de la plancha de
acero t = 10 mm)
Perno de gran resistencia
a la tracción M8 × 30mm
(Grosor de la plancha de
acero t = 10 mm)
Fig. 15-2
* Se emplean los pernos siguientes
Perno ordinario: Divisón de dureza 4,8
Perno de gran resistencia a la tracción: División
de dureza 12,9
Explicación de la clasificación de la resistencia:
4 — Punto de relajamiento del perno: 32 kgf/mm
2
8 — Resistencia a la tracción del perno: 40 kgf/mm
2
)(
Tuerca
Grosor de la plancha de
acero t
Perno
(4) Condiciones de apriete
La tensión de apriete difiere según la clase y longitud
de los tornillos; a pesar de que éstos tengan la rosca
del mismo tamaño. La tensión de apriete difiere
también según las condiciones de las superficies del
metal en el cual van a apretarse los pernos.
Fig. 15-1
Grosor de la
plancha de acero
12 mm
Tornillo
Arandela
52


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