Manual Hammond Leslie 2101 (page 16 of 35) (English)

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crossover

network

800 ~

15" sp eaker

2-speed

foam rotor

horn rotor

2-speed

40 watt

amp

sig nal input

Ë A Brief History of the Leslie Speaker

The Leslie Speaker was first developed in the late 1930's by Donald J. Leslie as a way to improve the

sound of then-current Hammond Organs. Mr. Leslie found that rotating a baffle in front of a stationary

speaker added a very pleasing “tremolo-type” sound to organ music. This technique is a musical

application of the “Doppler effect,” which is the apparent variation in pitch that a stationary listener hears

from a moving sound source. The loudness of the sound also appears to vary, and it is this combination

of frequency (vibrato) and amplitude (tremolo) modulation that give Leslie Speakers their characteristic

sound.

In the majority of Leslie Speakers, there are actually two rotating baffles and two speakers. One speaker

handles the high frequencies and is mounted in the upper part of the cabinet. The baffle and motor for

this speaker are collectively called the Horn

Rotor. The other larger speaker reproduces the bass or pedal

frequencies and uses a larger baffle, and is therefore called the Bass

or Low Rotor.

In addition to rotating a baffle at a high rate of speed to produce Tremolo, it is also possible to create a

pleasing “Chorale “ or “celeste” effect by rotating the baffle at a slow rate of speed - hence the rotor

speed designations of Fast and Slow. The Chorale or effect is similar the effect produced by two ranks

of pipes being slightly out of tune with each other and being played simultaneously on a pipe organ.

Ë Why Leslie Speed Controls?

For many years, Leslie Speakers only had one speed - Fast or Tremolo. Even after the Chorale speed

was introduced in the mid ‘60's. variations in the basic speed were introduced by relocating the motor

drive belt to a different pulley to make the baffles turn either faster or slower. Although each Leslie

Speaker cabinet was and is carefully calibrated at the factory, several factors such as motor age and

placement of the belts on the pulleys can affect the speeds of the rotors as well as the time required for

the rotors to speed up (Rise

Time), slow down (Fall Time) or come to a complete stop (Brake Time).

Your new Leslie Speaker features a new brushless DC-controlled motor for the Horn and a newly-

designed digital Low rotor which allows control of these parameters to an unprecedented degree. You

can now “customize” your Leslie Speaker to produce exactly the characteristics you want.

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Hammond Leslie 2101 Manual

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