Manual Graupner MC 32 HOTT (page 58 of 345) (English)

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58 Term denitions

Term denitions

Control function, control, function input, control channel, mixer, switch, control switch, ﬁxed switch

To make use of this mc-32 HoTT manual easier, a

number of the terms used repeatedly throughout this

manual have been deﬁned below.

Control function

A "control function" is to be perceived – initially in-

dependent of its signal path – as a signal intended to

affect a given control function. For example, this could

be for throttle, rudder or aileron in a winged aircraft or

pitch, roll or crow for a helicopter.

A control function signal can be applied directly over

a single control channel or also through a mixer and

then applied over multiple control channels. A typical

example of multiple control channels is separately

operated aileron servos or the use of two roll or crow

servos in helicopters. The control function explicitly in-

cludes the inﬂuence of the control's mechanical travel

on the respective servo. This can not only be spread

or compressed by software but even the travel char-

acteristic can be modiﬁed from linear to extremely

exponential.

Control

"Controls" include all operating elements on the trans-

mitter, which are directly activated by the pilot, that

impose an effect on servos, speed controllers etc.

connected to the receiver. This includes:

• both sticks for control functions 1 through 4,

whereby these four functions can be freely

swapped around for both model types ("winged

aircraft" and "helicopters") by way of software

"Mode" settings, e. g. throttle left or right. The

stick

function for throttle/airbrake control is often

also

referred to as the C1 control (channel 1).

• both proportional controls located on the transmit-

ter's sides, which are, for example, given the des-

ignations Lv1 (right-side "rotary slider") and Lv2

(left-side "rotary slider") in the »Control adjust«

menu, page 118 and 122.

• the three proportional sliders in the middle console

designated Sl1 … 3, for example as shown in the

»Control adjust« menu, page 118 and 122,

• all ﬁve proportional rotary controls on the transmit-

ter's front side, which are, for example, given the

designations DR1 … 5 in the »Control adjust«

menu, page 118 and 122,

• the switches present, if they are assigned to a

control channel in the »Control adjust« menu.

The proportional operating elements produce a direct

effect on servos which is commensurate with the con-

trol's position whereas switch modules can only effect

a two or three increment change.

Just which of these controls and switches operate which

of the servos 5 … 16 (max.) is freely programmable.

Important notice:

Inputs 5 … 15 for helicopters and 5

… 16 for winged aircraft are

generally "free", i. e. not assigned, in

the transmitter's basic programming.

Function input

This is an imaginary point in the signal path and must

not be considered the same as the point on the circuit

board where the transmitter control is connected. The

choice of "Stick mode" and settings in the »Con-

trol adjust« menu have their effect "downstream" of

these imaginary connection points. Thus differences

between the physical control's number and the number

of the downstream control channel can indeed emerge.

Control channel

From the point at which a signal contains all control

information necessary for a particular servo – whether

directly from the physical control or indirectly by way

of a mixer – the term "control channel" is used.

(The control function “Aileron” in a surface model is

so divided, for example the model type “2AIL” in the

control channels left and right aileron. Analogously,

e. g. in the Heli type “3sv (2Roll)” the control function

splits left and right in the control channels aileron

servo.)

This signal is only yet to be inﬂuenced by settings

made in the menus »Servo adjustment« and

»Transmitter output« before it leaves the transmit-

ter's RF module.

Once it arrives at the receiver, this signal may still

be modiﬁed by settings made in the telemetry menu

before ﬁnally being applied as a control quantity for

the respective servo.

Mixer

The transmitter's software contains a variety of mixer

functions. These can be used to apply one control

function to multiple servos or, conversely, to apply

multiple control functions to a single servo. Please

look over the numerous mixer functions in the text

beginning on page 171 of this manual.

Switches

The four standard toggle switches, the two 3-way

switches and both push-button switches can also

be incorporated into control programming. However,

these switches are generally intended for switch-

ing program options, e. g. to start and stop timers,

to switch mixers on and off, or as a teacher/pupil

switchover, etc. Each of these switches can be as-

signed any number of functions.

Appropriate examples are detailed in the manual.

Control switches

Since it is very practical to have some functions auto-

matically switched on or off for a certain control's po-

sition (e. g. switch on/off of a stopwatch for acquisition

of model run time, automatic extension of spoilers

and other possibilities), eight control switches have

been integrated into mc-32 HoTT software.

These software switches, designated "C1 … C8", are

merely deﬁned by virtue of their contact state along

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