Manual Furuno 1932MK2 (page 10 of 46) (English)

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1-1

1.1 What is Radar?

The term “RADAR” is an acronym meaning

Radio Detection And Ranging. Although the

basic principles of radar were developed dur-

ing World War II, echoes as an aid to naviga-

tion is not a new development.

1.2 How Ships Determined

Position Before Radar

Before the invention of radar, when running

in fog near a rugged shoreline, ships would

sound a short blast on their whistles, fire a

shot, or strike a bell. The time between the

origination of the sound and the returning of

the echo indicated how far the ship was from

the cliffs or the shore. The direction from

which the echo was heard indicated the rela-

tive bearing of the shore.

1.3 How Radar Determines

Range

Radar determines the distance to the target

by calculating the time difference between the

transmission of a radar signal and the recep-

tion of the reflected echo. It is a known fact

that radar waves travel at a nearly constant

speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second.

Therefore the time required for a transmitted

signal to travel to the target and return as an

echo to the source is a measure of the dis-

tance to the target. Note that the echo makes

a complete round trip, but only half the time

of travel is needed to determine the one-way

distance to the target. This radar automati-

cally takes this into account in making the

range calculation.

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.4 How Radar Determines

Bearing

The bearing to a target found by the radar is

determined by the direction in which the ra-

dar scanner is pointing when it emits an elec-

tronic pulse and then receives a returning

echo. Each time the scanner rotates pulses

are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle,

each pulse at a slightly different bearing from

the previous one. Therefore, if one knows the

direction in which the signal is sent out, one

knows the direction from which the echo must

return.

1.5 Radar Wave Speed and

Scanner Rotation Speed

Note that the speed of the radar waves out

to the target and back again as echoes is

extremely fast compared to the speed of ro-

tation of the scanner. By the time radar ech-

oes have returned to the scanner, the amount

of scanner rotation after initial transmission

of the radar pulse is extremely small.

1.6 The Radar Display

The range and bearing of a target is displayed

on what is called a Plan Position Indicator

(PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia-

gram, with the transmitting ship’s position at

the center. Images of target echoes are re-

ceived and displayed at their relative bear-

ings, and at their distance from the PPI center.

With a continuous display of the images of

targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is

also displayed.

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Furuno 1932MK2 Manual

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