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IGMP Snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Snooping
allows a Switch to forward multicast trafc intelligently.
Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such
as videoconferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server
does not have to establish a separate connection with each
client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and
any host that wishes to receive the multicast register with
their local multicast Switch.
A multicast group is a group of end nodes that want to
receive multicast packets from a multicast application.
After joining a multicast group, a host node must continue
to periodically issue reports to remain a member. Any
multicast packets belonging to that multicast group are
then forwarded by the Switch from the port.
A Switch supporting IGMP Snooping can passively snoop
on IGMP Query, Report, and Leave packets transferred
between IP Multicast Switches and IP Multicast hosts
to determine the IP Multicast group membership. IGMP
Snooping checks IGMP packets passing through the
networkandconguresMulticastingaccordingly.Basedon
the IGMP query and report messages, the Switch forwards
trafconlytotheportsthatrequestthemulticasttrafc.It
enables the Switch to forward packets of multicast groups
to those ports that have validated host nodes. The Switch
canalsolimitoodingoftrafctoIGMPdesignatedports.
This improves network performance by restricting the
multicast packets only to Switch ports where host nodes
are located. IGMP Snooping signicantly reduces overall
MulticasttrafcpassingthroughyourSwitch.WithoutIGMP
Snooping,Multicasttrafcistreatedinthesamemanner
as a Broadcast transmission, which forwards packets to all
ports on the network.
IGMPv1
DenedinRFC1112.Anexplicitjoinmessageissent
to the Switch, but a timeout is used to determine
when hosts leave a group.
IGMPv2
DenedinRFC2236.Addsanexplicitleavemessage
to the join message so that Switch can more easily
determine when a group has no interested listeners
on a LAN.
IGMPv3
DenedinRFC3376.Supportforasinglesourceof
content for a multicast group.
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