Security protocols
TLS and SSL protocols
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic
protocols that provide secure communications on the Internet for web browsing, e-mail, Internet
faxing, instant messaging and other data transfers. There are slight differences between SSL and
TLS, but they are largely the same.
TLS involves three basic phases:
1. Peer negotiation for algorithm support
2. Key exchange and authentication
3. Symmetric cipher encryption and message authentication
During the first phase, the client and server negotiate cipher suites, which determine the ciphers to
be used, the key exchange and authentication algorithms, as well as the message authentication
codes (MACs). The key exchange and authentication algorithms are typically public key algorithms,
or as in TLS-PSK pre-shared keys could be used. The message authentication codes are made up
from cryptographic hash functions using the HMAC construction.
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