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9.5. GLOSSARY
ϕ Phase shift of the phase-neutral voltage with respect to the phase-neutral current.
Inductive phase shift.
Capacitive phase shift.
° Degree.
% Percentage.
A Ampere (unit of current).
AC AC component (current or voltage).
Aggregation 9.2.
CF Crest factor of the current or voltage: ratio of the crest (peak) value of a signal to the RMS value.
cos ϕ Cosine of the phase shift of the phase-neutral voltage with respect to the phase-neutral current.
DC DC component (current or voltage).
Ep Active energy.
Eq Reactive energy.
Es Apparent energy.
f (Frequency) Number of complete periods of voltage or current per second.
Fundamental component: component at the fundamental frequency.
Harmonics In electrical systems, voltages and currents at multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Hz Hertz (unit of frequency).
I Symbol of the current.
I-CF Crest factor of the current.
I-THD Total harmonic distortion of the current.
IL RMS current (L = 1, 2 or 3)
IL-Hn Value or percentage of current of the nth harmonic (L = 1, 2 or 3).
L Phase of a polyphase electrical network.
MAX Maximum value.
Measurement method: Any measurement method associated with an individual measurement.
MIN Minimum value.
Nominal voltage: Nominal voltage of a network.
Order of a harmonic: ratio of the frequency of the harmonic to the fundamental frequency; a whole number.
P Active power.
PF Power Factor - ratio of the active power to the apparent power.
Phase Time relation between current and voltage in AC circuits.
Q Reactive power.
RMS Root Mean Square of the current or voltage. Square root of the mean of the squares of the instantaneous values

S Apparent power.
tan Φ Ratio of the reactive power to the active power.
THD Total Harmonic Distortion. This characterizes the proportion of harmonics of a signal with respect to the RMS
value of the fundamental component or the total RMS value without the DC component.
U Voltage between two phases.
U-CF Crest factor of the phase-phase voltage.
u2 Unbalance of the phase-neutral voltages.
UL-Hn Value or percentage of phase-phase voltage of the nth harmonic (L = 1, 2 or 3)
Unbalance of the voltages of a polyphase network: State in which the RMS voltages between conductors (fundamental com-
󰀨
Uxy-THD Total harmonic distortion of the voltage between two phases.
V Phase-neutral voltage or Volt (unit of voltage).
V-CF Crest factor of the voltage
V-THD Total harmonic distortion of the phase-neutral voltage.
VA Unit of apparent power (Volt x Ampere).
var Unit of reactive power.
varh Unit of reactive energy.
75


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