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PART 2
2. Understanding Composites (Carbon Fiber)
Section D. Inspect For Safety
Cannondale Bicycle Owner’s Manual
2. Understanding
Composites (Carbon Fiber)
All riders must understand a fundamental
reality of composites. Composite materials
constructed of carbon fibers are strong and
light, but when crashed or overloaded,
carbon fibers do not bend, they break.
What Are Composites?
The term “composites” refers to the fact that
a part or parts are made up of dierent
components or materials. You’ve heard the
term “carbon fiber bike.” This really means
“composite bike.
Carbon fiber composites are typically a
strong, light fiber in a matrix of plastic,
molded to form a shape. Carbon
composites are light relative to metals. Steel
weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic
centimeter), titanium 4.5 grams/cm3,
aluminum 2.75 grams/cm3. Contrast these
numbers with carbon fiber composite at 1.45
grams/cm3.
The composites with the best strength-to-
weight ratios are made of carbon fiber in a
matrix of epoxy plastic. The epoxy matrix
bonds the carbon fibers together, transfers
load to other fibers, and provides a smooth
outer surface. The carbon fibers are the
“skeleton” that carries the load.
Why Are Composites Used?
Unlike metals, which have uniform properties
in all directions (engineers call this isotropic),
carbon fibers can be placed in specific
orientations to optimize the structure for
particular loads. The choice of where to
place the carbon fibers gives engineers a
powerful tool to create strong, light bicycles.
Engineers may also orient fibers to suit other
goals such as comfort and vibration
damping.
Carbon fiber composites are very corrosion
resistant, much more so than most metals.
Think about carbon fiber or fiberglass boats.
Carbon fiber materials have a very high
strength-to-wieght ratio.
137


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