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5.4 Pourquoi prendre la température dans l’oreille ?
Des essais cliniques ont démontré que l’oreille représentait un excellent
site pour mesurer la température, car les mesures prises dans l’oreille
reètentlatempératurecorporellecentrale
1
. La température corporelle
est régulée par l’hypothalamus
2
,quipartagesonuxsanguinavec
le tympan
3
. Les variations de la température centrale du corps sont
généralement observées plus tôt au niveau du tympan qu’au niveau
des autres sites, comme le rectum, la bouche ou l’aisselle. La prise de
température au niveau de l’oreille offre plusieurs avantages par rapport
aux autres sites traditionnels :
Lesmesuresdelatempératureaxillairereètentlatempératuredelapeau,
cequin’indiquepasdemanièreablelatempératurecorporelleinterne.
Lesmesuresdelatempératurerectalesontsouventsignicativementinférieuresauxvariations
de la température corporelle interne, notamment lors des changements brusques de température.
Cette prise de température présente par ailleurs un risque de contamination croisée.
La température buccale peut être affectée par divers facteurs, comme l’ingestion récente
d’aliments ou de boissons, la position du thermomètre, la respiration par la bouche ou
l’impossibilité pour le patient de fermer complètement la bouche.
1. Guyton A C, Textbook of medical physiology, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, p 919
2. Guyton A C, Textbook of medical physiology, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, p 754-5
3. Netter H F, Atlas of Human Anatomy, Novartis Medical Education, East Hanover, NJ, 1997, pp 63, 95.
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