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6
1.6 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF A
HEAT PUMP
FIG. 1.6A BASIC PRINCIPLES
Within the heat pump the refrigerant is warmed from its cooled state to
the ambient or external air temperature. This heat gain is largely free
energy.
Electricity is used to power the fan which draws air, and also the compressor
which pressurises the refrigerant to increase it’s heat. A small amount of
electricity is also required to run the heat pump’s control system.
The efficiency of a heat pump cycle is stated by its Coefficient of
Performance (COP) value. This is a ratio between the energy produced
by the heat pump to the electrical energy supplied to it. For example a
COP of 3.0 indicates that for every 1kW of electricity used the heat pump
will produce 3.0 kW of hot water, therefore giving 2.0kW of free energy.
1.7 EFFICIENCY
FAN
The fan draws air through
the heat exchanger.
The cool refrigerant is
heated by the ambient or
external air temperature.
The refrigerant boils and
turns to vapour.
The compressor increases the
pressure of the refrigerant
vapour causing it to
significantly increase in
temperature
Heat from the hot
pressurised refrigerant
vapour is transferred to the
water in the stored water
vessel by a second heat
exchanger called a
condenser.
As the refrigerant is cooled
it reverts back to its liquid
state.
The refrigerant liquid
passes through a pressure
reducing valve (changing
from small bore to larger
bore pipe).
The reduction of pressure
significantly cools the
refrigerant fluid.
HEAT
EXCHANGER
(Evaporator)
COMPRESSOR
1
2
3
STORED WATER
VESSEL
CONDENSER
PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE
(EXPANSION VALVE)
4
To hot water taps
AMBIENT or
EXTERNAL
AIR
HIGH PRESSURE
REFRIGERANT IN
SEALED SYSTEM
Cold Feed
6


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