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COD. 4065103000 REV. 1 del 20/09/2016
827070
MOD. 1344
De’ Longhi Appliances Srl
Divisione Commerciale Ariete
Via San Quirico, 300
50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI)
E-Mail: info@ariete.net
Internet: www.ariete.net
Stazione per colazione multifunzione 3 in 1: moka elettrica, cappuccinatore e bollitore
Breakfast station
Centrale petit-déjeuner multifonctions 3 en 1: cafetière italienne moka électrique, dispositif à
cappuccino et bouilloire
Multifunktion-Frühstückstation 3-in-1: Elektrische Mokkakanne, Milchschäumer,
Wasserkocher
Estación de desayuno multifunción 3 en 1: moka eléctrica, capuchinador y hervidor de agua
Estação para pequeno almoço multifunção 3 em 1: Máquina de café moka elétrica, fervedor
e emulsionador de leite
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CONSERVARE SEMPRE QUESTE ISTRUZIONI.
DESCRIZIONE DELL’APPARECCHIO
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'%DVHGLDOLPHQWD]LRQH
Componenti della moka elettrica
(&DOGDLD
)9DOYRODGLVLFXUH]]D
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, *XDUQL]LRQH
- )LOWURDGLVFR
K - Caraffa
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M - Coperchio
10DQLJOLD
Componenti del cappuccinatore/bollitore
O - Coperchio
P - Inserto senza spirale
4,QVHUWRFRQODVSLUDOH
R - Contenitore
S - Maniglia
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GHOO¶DSSDUHFFKLR
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1HOOHHYHQWXDOLULFKLHVWHDLFHQWULDVVLVWHQ]DDXWRUL]]DWLLQGLFDUHPRGHOORHQXPHURGLPDWULFROD
FASI PRELIMINARI PER L’USO
Messa in funzione
Controllare che la tensione della rete domestica sia uguale a quella indicata sulla targhetta
dati tecnici dell’apparecchio.
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HODYHOOL
COME FARE IL CAFFÈ
Pericolo - Rischio di shock elettrico
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Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
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In caso di prima accensione, o dopo un periodo di inutilizzo, si raccomanda di far fuoriusci-
re almeno un caffè. Lavare ed asciugare la caraffa e tutti gli accessori. Non lavare la caldaia
o la base di alimentazione.
 $VVLFXUDUVLFKHODPRNDHOHWWULFDVLDIUHGGD
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 7RJOLHUHLO¿OWURDGLPEXWR*
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Utilizzare caffè in polvere di buona qualità, di macinatura media e confezionato per moka.
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8
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del caffè si possono avere perdite dalla caldaia. Il caffè potrebbe non uscire correttamente.
Avvertenza - Rischio di ustioni
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VLDFFHQGHUjGLURVVR
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/DVSLDGHOSXOVDQWHGLSUHSDUD]LRQHGHOFDIIq$LQL]LDDODPSHJJLDUH8WLOL]]DUHXQFXFFKLDLQRSHU
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9HUVDUHLOFDIIqQHOOHWD]]H
Attendere che la moka elettrica si sia raffreddata prima di svitare la caldaia per fare un
QXRYRFDIIq,QDOWHUQDWLYDXWLOL]]DWHJXDQWLRVWURÀQDFFLSHUHYLWDUHLOSHULFRORGLVFRWWDWXUH
Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
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Caffè da due tazze
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TXDWWURWD]]H)LJ
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/DPDQFDWDHURJD]LRQHGHOFDIIqSRWUHEEHHVVHUHGRYXWDDGXQLQWDVDPHQWRGHOÀOWUR,Q-
terrompere l’erogazione ed attendere che l’apparecchio si sia raffreddato. Procedere quindi
con la pulizia come indicato nell’apposito paragrafo.
Funzione di mantenimento in caldo
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COME USARE IL CAPPUCCINATORE/BOLLITORE
Pericolo - Rischio di shock elettrico
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2VVHUYDUHLOLYHOOLLQGLFDWL0,10$;DOO¶LQWHUQRGHOFRQWHQLWRUH,OVXSSRUWRVXOIRQGRGHOFRQ-
WHQLWRUHGHYHHVVHUHVHPSUHULFRSHUWRGDOODWWHRDFTXD,QFDVRGLVFDUVDTXDQWLWjGLODWWHR
DFTXDO¶DSSDUHFFKLRSXzVXUULVFDOGDUVL6HO¶DSSDUHFFKLRYLHQHULHPSLWRROWUHLOLYHOOLLQGLFDWL
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9
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Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
1RQXVDUHO¶DSSDUHFFKLRVHQ]DODWWHRDFTXD
5LHPSLUHLOFRQWHQLWRUHGHOFDSSXFFLQDWRUHEROOLWRUHVRORFRQLOODWWHIUHVFRRDFTXDQDWXUDOH
IUHVFD
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1RQULHPSLUHPDLLOFRQWHQLWRUHFRQODWWHFDOGRRDFTXDFDOGD
Alla prima accensione dell’apparecchio far bollire l’acqua. Svuotare e sciacquare il conteni-
tore. Ripetere l’operazione due o tre volte.
Durante il primo riscaldamento potrebbe svilupparsi un leggero odore: non preoccupatevi,
qSHUIHWWDPHQWHQRUPDOHSHUFKpDOFXQHSDUWLVRQRVWDWHOHJJHUPHQWHOXEULÀFDWHGRSRSRFR
tempo il fenomeno scomparirà.
Possibilità di azionamento simultaneo di moka elettrica e montalatte/bollitore
PER MONTARE IL LATTE
Scegliere l’inserto
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Versare il latte
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Montare e scaldare il latte
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10
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/DVSLD GHOSXOVDQWH GL
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Avvertenza - Rischio di ustioni
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Dopo l’uso dell’apparecchio, pulire immediatamente il contenitore e l’inserto evitando così
che il latte si secchi al suo interno.
Montare il latte a freddo
ÊDQFKHSRVVLELOHPRQWDUHODVFKLXPDVHQ]DVFDOGDUHLOODWWH3HURWWHQHUHXQDVFKLXPDVRI¿FHH
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WDVWRVLDFFHQGHUjGLEOX
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Interrompere o concludere anticipatamente il riscaldamento e la schiu-
matura del latte
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3HUFRQWLQXDUH DULVFDOGDUH H VFKLXPDUHSUHPHUH QXRYDPHQWH LO SXOVDQWHGL SUHSDUD]LRQH GHO
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PER SCALDARE L’ACQUA
I due inserti per montare il latte non devono essere usati quando si scalda l’acqua. Rimuo-
YHUHO·LQVHUWR3R4GDOEROOLWRUH
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Non superare il livello indicato con MAX
.
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Per far bollire l’acqua
 3UHPHUHLOSXOVDQWHGLSUHSDUD]LRQHGHOO¶DFTXD&XQDYROWD/¶DSSDUHFFKLRVLDFFHQGH/DVSLD
GHOWDVWRVLDFFHQGHUjGLURVVR
Per riscaldare l’acqua a 80°C
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VLDFFHQGHUjGLJLDOOR
11
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VLDUUHVWDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
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Avvertenza - Rischio di ustioni
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FHQVLRQHGLULSULVWLQDUVL
La presenza di goccioline di acqua sotto al contenitore è del tutto normale: è solo condensa.
COME SPEGNERE L’APPARECCHIO
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Protezione dal surriscaldamento
6HO¶DSSDUHFFKLRqVWDWRDFFHVRDYXRWRVHQ]DODWWHRDFTXDGRSRFLUFDVHFRQGLVLVSHJQH
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GHUHTXDOFKHVHFRQGRSHUFRQVHQWLUHDOGLVSRVLWLYRGLDFFHQVLRQHGLULSULVWLQDUVL
PULIZIA DELL’APPARECCHIO
Pericolo - Rischio di shock elettrico
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Attenzione - Rischio di danni materiali
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Avvertenza - Rischio di ustioni
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Pulizia della base di alimentazione
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12
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Pulizia della moka elettrica
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Rimozione del calcare dalla caldaia
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 $VVLFXUDUVLFKHODFDIIHWWLHUDVLDIUHGGDHVYLWDUOD
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 $VVLFXUDUVLGLDYHUHIIHWWXDWRODFRPSOHWDSXOL]LDLQWHUQDGHOODFDOGDLD
L’operazione deve essere fatta con la caldaia a freddo e non inserita nella base.
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ULVFLDFTXDUHO¶LQWHUQRGHOODFDOGDLD1RQLPPHUJHUHODFDOGDLDLQDFTXD
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Pulizia del cappuccinatore/bollitore
Dopo ogni processo di riscaldamento e schiumatura pulire immediatamente il contenitore,
onde evitare che il latte si secchi al suo interno.
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 $VFLXJDUHFRQFXUDWXWWHOHSDUWLLQSDUWLFRODUHLOFRQWHQLWRUHRQGHHYLWDUHODIRUPD]LRQHGL
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Rimozione del calcare dal contenitore
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MESSA FUORI SERVIZIO
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WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL
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VXSHUYLVHGDWDOOWLPHVWRHQVXUHWKH\GRQRWSOD\ZLWKWKHDSSOLDQFH
 $OZD\VNHHSWKHDSSOLDQFHDQGWKHSRZHUFRUGRXWRIWKHUHDFKRIFKLOGUHQXQGHU
WKHDJHRI\HDUV
 'RQRWOHDYHWKHSDFNDJLQJQHDUFKLOGUHQEHFDXVHLWLVSRWHQWLDOO\GDQJHURXV
 ,QWKHHYHQWWKDWWKLVDSSOLDQFHLVWREHGLVSRVHGRILWLVVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHSRZHU
FRUGLVFXWRII,WLVDOVRUHFRPPHQGHGWKDWDOOSRWHQWLDOO\GDQJHURXVFRPSRQHQWV
LQFOXGLQJWKHSRZHUFRUGDUHUHQGHUHGKDUPOHVVWRSUHYHQWSHUVRQDOLQMXU\'R
QRWOHWFKLOGUHQSOD\ZLWKWKHDSSOLDQFHRULWVFRPSRQHQWV
Danger due to electricity
 7KLVDSSOLDQFHFDQEHXVHGE\SHUVRQVZKRKDYHUHGXFHGSK\VLFDOVHQVRU\RU
PHQWDOFDSDELOLWLHVRUODFNRIH[SHULHQFHDQGNQRZOHGJHRQO\LIWKH\DUHPRQ-
LWRUHGE\DUHVSRQVLEOHSHUVRQRULIWKH\KDYHUHFHLYHGDQGXQGHUVWRRGLQVWUXF-
WLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHVDIHXVHDQGLIWKH\KDYHXQGHUVWRRGWKHGDQJHUV
ZKLFKPD\DULVHGXULQJWKHDSSOLDQFHXVH
 %HIRUHFRQQHFWLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHWRWKHPDLQVFKHFNWKDWWKHYROWDJHLQGLFDWHGRQ
WKHUDWLQJSODWHXQGHUWKHDSSOLDQFHPDWFKHVZLWKWKHORFDOPDLQV
 7KHXVHRIH[WHQVLRQVQRWDSSURYHGE\WKHPDQXIDFWXUHUFDQUHVXOWLQGDPDJH
WRSURSHUW\DQGSHUVRQDOLQMXU\
 7KHDSSOLDQFHPXVWQRWEHSRZHUVXSSOLHGE\H[WHUQDOWLPHUVRUVHSDUDWHUH-
PRWHFRQWUROOHGV\VWHPV
 ,IWKHSRZHUFRUGLVGDPDJHGLWPXVWEHUHSODFHGE\WKHPDQXIDFWXUHURUE\LWV
17
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7HFKQLFDO$VVLVWDQFH6HUYLFHRUE\DVLPLODUO\TXDOL¿HGSHUVRQLQRUGHUWRDYRLG
DQ\KD]DUG
 1HYHUSXWOLYHSDUWVLQWRFRQWDFWZLWKZDWHU,WFDQFDXVHDVKRUWFLUFXLW
 5HPRYHWKHSOXJIURPWKHSRZHURXWOHWEHIRUHFOHDQLQJRUPDLQWHQDQFH
 'RQRWLPPHUVHWKHDSSOLDQFHLQZDWHURURWKHUOLTXLGV
Danger of damage originating from other causes
 &KRRVHDQDGHTXDWHO\LOOXPLQDWHGDQGFOHDQURRPZLWKHDVLO\DFFHVVLEOHSRZHU
RXWOHW
 7KHDSSOLDQFHLVQRWWREHXVHGLILWKDVEHHQGURSSHGLIWKHUHDUHYLVLEOHVLJQRI
GDPDJHIDXOWVRUVXVSHFWHGGHIHFWVDIWHUGURSSLQJRULILWLVOHDNLQJZDWHU1HYHU
RSHUDWHWKHDSSOLDQFHLIGHIHFWLYH
 7RSUHYHQWDQ\DFFLGHQWDOOUHSDLUVLQFOXGLQJWKHUHSODFHPHQWRIWKHSRZHUFRUG
PXVWEHFDUULHGRXWE\DQ$XWKRULVHG6HUYLFH&HQWUHRUE\VXLWDEO\TXDOL¿HGSHU-
VRQQHO2WKHUZLVHWKHZDUUDQW\PD\EHUHYRNHG7KHPDQXIDFWXUHUGLVFODLPVDOO
UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUDQ\GDPDJHFDXVHGE\LQFRUUHFWUHSDLUZRUN
Warning of burns
 'RQRWWRXFKWKHPHWDOSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFHZKHQLWLVLQRSHUDWLRQDQGZLWKLQ
IHZPLQXWHVDIWHULWLVVZLWFKHGRII'RQRWWRXFKWKHKRWVXUIDFHV8VHSRWKROG-
HUVRUWHDWRZHOV
 5HPRYHWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUDQGWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHIURPWKHSRZ-
HUEDVHRQO\ZKHQWKHKHDWLQJSURFHVVLVFRPSOHWHGDQGWKHDSSOLDQFHLVVZLWFKHG
RII
 /LIWWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUDQGWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHE\WKHGHGLFDWHG
KDQGOH
 %HIRUHFOHDQLQJDOORZWKHDSSOLDQFHWRFRRO
Warning – material damage
 3ODFHWKHDSSOLDQFHRQDVWDEOHVXUIDFHZKHUHLWFDQQRWWLSRYHU
 'RQRWSRVLWLRQWKHDSSOLDQFHRQYHU\KRWVXUIDFHVRUFORVHWRRSHQÀDPHVWR
SUHYHQWWKHFDVLQJIURPEHLQJGDPDJHG
 2QO\XVHWKHSRZHUVXSSO\EDVHVXSSOLHGNHHSWKHEDVHFOHDQDQGGU\
 7KHFDEOHPXVWQRWWRXFKWKHKRWSDUWVRIWKHDSSOLDQFH
 'RQRWXVHVSDUNOLQJFDUERQDWHGZDWHU
 'RQRWXVHWKHDSSOLDQFHRXWGRRUV
 'RQRWOHDYHWKHDSSOLDQFHH[SRVHGWRZHDWKHULQJUDLQVXQHWF
7RGLVSRVHRISURGXFWFRUUHFWO\DFFRUGLQJWR(XURSHDQ'LUHFWLYH(8
SOHDVHUHIHUWRDQGUHDGWKHSURYLGHGOHDÀHWHQFORVHGZLWKWKHSURGXFW
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLIANCE
7KHDSSOLDQFHLVFRPSRVHGRIDSRZHUEDVHDQHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUDQGDFDSSXFFLQRPDNHU
NHWWOH
$%XWWRQIRUSUHSDULQJFRIIHH
%%XWWRQIRUSUHSDULQJFDSSXFFLQR
&%XWWRQIRUSUHSDULQJZDWHU
'3RZHUVXSSO\EDVH
Components of the electric coffee maker
E - Boiler
)6DIHW\YDOYH
*)RXUFXSIXQQHO¿OWHU
+7ZRFXSDGDSWHUGLVF
, *DVNHW
- 'LVF¿OWHU
.-XJ
/ 'LVSHQVLQJKROHV
0/LG
1+DQGOH
Components of the cappuccino maker/kettle
2/LG
3:LWKRXWVSLUDOLQVHUW
4,QVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
R - Container
6+DQGOH
7/HYHOLQGLFDWRU
0$;IRUWKHLQVHUWZLWKRXWVSLUDO
0$;IRUWKHLQVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
U - ,QVHUWVXSSRUW
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQGDWD
7KHUDWLQJSODWHXQGHUWKHSRZHUEDVHVKRZVWKHIROORZLQJLGHQWL¿FDWLRQGDWDRIWKHDSSOLDQFH
 PDQXIDFWXUHUDQG&(PDUNLQJ
 0RGHO0RG
 VHULDOQXPEHU61
 HOHFWULFDOVXSSO\YROWDJH9DQGIUHTXHQF\+]
 HOHFWULFDOSRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ:
 DVVLVWDQFHWROOIUHHSKRQHQXPEHU
$OZD\VJLYHWKHPRGHODQGVHULDOQXPEHUWRWKH$XWKRULVHG6HUYLFH&HQWUHVZKHQUHTXHVWLQJDV-
VLVWDQFH
19
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PRELIMINARY PHASES FOR USE
Starting the appliance
Check that the domestic mains voltage is the same as the voltage indicated on the label of
the device.
 5HPRYHWKHSDFNDJLQJPDWHULDOVDQGPDNHVXUHDOOFRPSRQHQWVDUHSUHVHQW
 :DVKWKHFRPSRQHQWVDVGHVFULEHGLQWKH&OHDQLQJWKHDSSOLDQFHSDUDJUDSK
 3RVLWLRQWKHDSSOLDQFHVRWKDWFKLOGUHQFDQQRWUHDFKWKHKRWSDUWV3ODFHWKHSRZHUEDVHRQD
ÀDWVXUIDFHDZD\IURPZDWHUWDSVDQGVLQNV
HOW TO MAKE COFFEE
Danger - Risk of electric shock
7KHNHWWOH¿OOLQJRSHUDWLRQVPXVWEHFDUULHGRXWZLWKWKHNHWWOHVHSDUDWHGIURPWKHSRZHU
EDVH
Caution - Risk of material damage
'RQRWXVHWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUZLWKRXWZDWHU
3D\FORVHDWWHQWLRQVRWKDWWKHZDWHUGRHVQRWZHWWKHRXWVLGHRIWKHNHWWOH3UHYHQWZDWHU
IURPVHHSLQJLQVLGHWKHHOHFWULFDOSDUWV
1HYHU¿OOWKHERLOHUZLWKKRWRUERLOLQJZDWHU
)LOOWKHMXJZLWKIUHVKSODLQZDWHURQO\
1HYHUSXWVXEVWDQFHVRWKHUWKDQFRIIHHSRZGHULQWKHIXQQHO¿OWHU7KLVFRXOGFDXVHVHULRXV
GDPDJH'RQRWXVHWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUZLWKEDUOH\FRIIHH
,QFDVHRIÀUVWSRZHURQRUDIWHUDSHULRGRIGLVXVHLWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRDOORZDWOHDVWRQH
FRIIHHWREHGLVSHQVHG:DVKDQGGU\WKHMXJDQGDOODFFHVVRULHV'RQRWZDVKWKHNHWWOHRU
WKHSRZHUEDVH
 0DNHVXUHWKDWWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHULVFRRO
 ([WUDFWWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUIURPWKHSRZHUEDVH
 .HHSWKHNHWWOH(ZLWKRQHKDQGDQGZLWKWKHRWKHUXQVFUHZWKHMXJ.FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH
 5HPRYHWKHIXQQHO¿OWHU*
 )LOOWKHNHWWOHZLWKZDWHUUHDFKLQJWKHVDIHW\YDOYH)YLVLEOHIURPLQVLGHRIWKHNHWWOH)LJ
'RQRWH[FHHGWKHVDIHW\YDOYH
 ,QVHUWWKHIXQQHO¿OWHULQWKHNHWWOH
 )LOOWKHIXQQHO¿OWHUZLWKFRIIHHSRZGHUZLWKRXWSUHVVLQJLW)LOOJUDGXDOO\WRSUHYHQWWKHFRIIHH
SRZGHUIURPRYHUÀRZLQJ(YHQO\GLVWULEXWHWKHFRIIHHDQGUHPRYHDQ\H[FHVVSRZGHUIURPWKH
HGJHRIWKH¿OWHU
8VHJRRGTXDOLW\FRIIHHSRZGHUPHGLXPJURXQGDQGSDFNDJHGIRUPRFKD
,IDQH[FHVVLYHDPRXQWRIFRIIHHSRZGHULVLQVHUWHGLQVLGHWKHIXQQHOÀOWHU*LWPD\EH
GLIÀFXOWWRFRUUHFWO\WLJKWHQWKHNHWWOH(WRWKHMXJ.'XULQJWKHFRIIHHGLVSHQVLQJWKH
kettle may leak. The coffee may not come out correctly.
20
EN
Warning - Risk of burns
7LJKWHQWKHNHWWOHWRWKHMXJEXWQRWH[FHVVLYHO\'RQRWSU\WKHKDQGOH
:KHQWKHDSSOLDQFHLVLQRSHUDWLRQWKHOLGPXVWUHPDLQFORVHG
 3ODFHWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHURQWKHSRZHUEDVH'&ORVHWKHFRYHU
 ,QVHUWWKHSOXJLQWRWKHVRFNHWZKLFKPXVWEHHDUWKHG
3UHVVWKHFRIIHHPDNLQJEXWWRQ$7KHDSSOLDQFHWXUQVRQ7KHEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVZLWFKHV
RQLQUHG
$IWHUDIHZPLQXWHVWKHFRIIHHZLOOFRPHRXW:DLWXQWLOWKHFRIIHHKDVIXOO\FDPHRXW7KHFRIIHH
PDNLQJEXWWRQOLJKW$VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ8VHDVSRRQWRVWLUWKHFRIIHHDQGXQLIRUPWKHWH[WXUHDQG
WKHWHPSHUDWXUH
3RXUWKHFRIIHHLQWRWKHFXSV
:DLWXQWLOWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHULVFRROEHIRUHXQVFUHZLQJWKHNHWWOHWRPDNHDQHZFRI-
IHH2UXVHJORYHVRUNLWFKHQWRZHOVWRDYRLGWKHULVNRIEXUQV
Caution - Risk of material damage
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WKHZDWHUUHVLGXHLQWKHNHWWOHFRXOGIUHH]HDQGFDXVHGDPDJH
Two cup coffee
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 3ODFHWKHIRXUFXSIXQQHO¿OWHU*LQWKHNHWWOH
 7RSUHSDUHWZRFXSVRIFRIIHHLQVHUWWKHDGDSWHUGLVF+LQWRWKHIRXUFXSIXQQHO¿OWHU)LJ
 3URFHHGDVGHVFULEHGLQ+RZWRPDNHFRIIHH
,IFRIIHHLVQRWGLVSHQVHGLWFRXOGEHFDXVHGE\DFORJJLQJRIWKHÀOWHU6WRSWKHGLVSHQVLQJ
DQGZDLWIRUWKHDSSOLDQFHWRFRROGRZQ7KHQFOHDQDVH[SODLQHGLQWKHUHOHYDQWSDUDJUDSK
Keep warm function
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NHHSWKHFRIIHHZDUP7KHNHHSZDUPIXQFWLRQUHPDLQVDFWLYHIRUPLQXWHV
HOW TO USE THE CAPPUCCINO MAKER/KETTLE
Danger - Risk of electric shock
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IURPWKHSRZHUEDVH
2EVHUYHWKHOHYHOVLQGLFDWHG0,10$;LQVLGHWKHFRQWDLQHU7KHFRQWDLQHUERWWRPVXSSRUW
PXVWDOZD\VEHFRYHUHGE\PLONRUZDWHU,QFDVHRILQVXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWRIPLONRUZDWHUWKH
DSSOLDQFHPD\RYHUKHDW,IWKHDSSOLDQFHLV¿OOHGEH\RQGWKHOHYHOVLQGLFDWHGLWLVSRVVLEOH
WKDWPLONRUZDWHUOHDNGXULQJWKHZDUPLQJSKDVH
Caution - Risk of material damage
'RQRWXVHWKHDSSOLDQFHZLWKRXWPLONRUZDWHU
)LOOWKHFRQWDLQHUWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHRQO\ZLWKIUHVKPLONRUIUHVKSODLQZDWHU
'RQRWRSHUDWHWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHZLWKRXWPLONRUZDWHU
'RQRW¿OOWKHFRQWDLQHUZLWKZDUPPLONRUZDUPZDWHU
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%RLOWKHZDWHUWKHÀUVWWLPHWKHDSSOLDQFHLVWXUQHGRQ(PSW\DQGULQVHWKHFRQWDLQHU5H-
SHDWWKHRSHUDWLRQWZRRUWKUHHWLPHV
'XULQJWKHÀUVWKHDWLQJDVOLJKWRGRXUPD\GHYHORSGRQWZRUU\LWVSHUIHFWO\QRUPDOEH-
FDXVHVRPHSDUWVZHUHOLJKWO\OXEULFDWHGWKHSKHQRPHQRQZLOOGLVDSSHDUDIWHUDVKRUWWLPH
Possibility of simultaneous operation of electric coffee maker and milk frother/kettle
TO FROTH MILK
Choose the insert
7RREWDLQDODUJHDPRXQWRIIURWK¿WWKHLQVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
7RREWDLQVPDOODPRXQWVRIIURWKRUWRVOLJKWO\IURWKVPDOODPRXQWVXVHWKHLQVHUW
ZLWKRXWVSLUDO
7RDYRLGORRVLQJWKHPNHHSWKHLQVHUWVLQWKHGHGLFDWHGFRPSDUWPHQWORFDWHGDWWKHERWWRPRIWKH
EDVH)LJ
Pour milk
 5HPRYHWKHOLGRIWKHFRQWDLQHU
 ,QVHUWWKHDSSURSULDWHLQVHUWLQWRWKHVXSSRUWDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHFRQWDLQHU
 3RXUWKHPLONWRWKHPD[LPXPOHYHOVKRZQE\WKHGDVKDWWKH0$;PDUN
0$;IRUWKHLQVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
0$;IRUWKHLQVHUWZLWKRXWVSLUDO
 3ODFHWKHOLG¿UPO\RQWKHFRQWDLQHU
Froth and heat the milk
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 ,QVHUWWKHSOXJLQWRWKHVRFNHWZKLFKPXVWEHHDUWKHG
 3UHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQ%RQFH7KHDSSOLDQFHWXUQVRQ7KHEXWWRQLQGLFDWRU
OLJKWVZLWFKHVRQLQUHG
 7KHDSSOLDQFHVWDUWVKHDWLQJDQGIURWKLQJWKHPLON
,IWKHLQVHUWZLWKVSLUDOLVXVHGWKHIURWKLQJSURFHVVZLOOODVWDERXWPLQXWHV
,IWKHLQVHUWZLWKRXWVSLUDOLVXVHGWKHIURWKLQJSURFHVVZLOOODVWDERXWPLQXWHV
7KHKHDWLQJDQGIURWKLQJSURFHVVWKHQVWRSVDXWRPDWLFDOO\
7KHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQOLJKW%
VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ
Warning - Risk of burns
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0DNHVXUHWKDWWKHDSSOLDQFHLVRIIEHIRUHOLIWLQJLWIURPWKHSRZHUEDVH
 /LIWWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHE\LWVKDQGOH'LVFRQQHFWWKHFRQWDLQHUIURPWKHSRZHUVXSSO\EDVH
 3RXUWKHPLONLQWRWKHFXS
After using the appliance, immediately clean the container and the insert thus preventing
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milk from drying inside it.
Froth the milk cold
,WLVDOVRSRVVLEOHWRIURWKWKHPLONZLWKRXWKHDWLQJLW7RREWDLQDVRIWDQGFUHDP\IURWKXVHRQO\WKH
LQVHUWZLWKVSLUDO
 3UHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQ%DQGKROGLWGRZQIRUDERXWVHFRQGVXQWLOWKHDSSOLDQFH
VWDUWVIURWKLQJWKHPLON7KHDSSOLDQFHWXUQVRQ7KHEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVZLWFKHVRQLQEOXH
$IWHUDERXWWRPLQXWHVWKHPLONIURWKLQJSURFHVVVWRSVDXWRPDWLFDOO\7KHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJ
EXWWRQOLJKW%VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ
6WRSRUÀQLVKLQJWKHPLONKHDWLQJDQGIURWKLQJLQDGYDQFH
 3UHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQ%7KHRSHUDWLRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWWXUQVRII
7RFRQWLQXHZDUPLQJDQGIURWKLQJSUHVVWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNLQJEXWWRQDJDLQ
 EULHÀ\LI\RXZDQWWRKHDWDQGIURWK
 IRUDORQJWLPHLI\RXZDQWWRIURWKZLWKRXWKHDWLQJ
TO WARM WATER
7KHWZRLQVHUWVWRIURWKPLONPXVWQRWEHXVHGZKHQKHDWLQJWKHZDWHU5HPRYHWKHLQVHUW3RU4
IURPWKHNHWWOH
 )LOOWKHFRQWDLQHUZLWKIUHVKSODLQZDWHUWRWKHGHVLUHGOHYHO
Do not go past the MAX level.
 3ODFHWKHOLG¿UPO\RQWKHFRQWDLQHU
 3ODFHWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHRQWKHSRZHUEDVH
 ,QVHUWWKHSOXJLQWRWKHVRFNHWZKLFKPXVWEHHDUWKHG
To boil water
 3UHVVWKHZDWHUSUHSDUDWLRQEXWWRQ&RQFH7KHDSSOLDQFHWXUQVRQ7KHEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKW
VZLWFKHVRQLQUHG
To heat the water to 80°C (176°F)
 3UHVVWKHZDWHUSUHSDUDWLRQEXWWRQ&DQGKROGLWGRZQIRUDERXWVHFRQGVXQWLOWKHDSSOL-
DQFHVWDUWVZDUPLQJWKHZDWHU7KHDSSOLDQFHWXUQVRQ7KHEXWWRQLQGLFDWRUOLJKWVZLWFKHVRQ
LQ\HOORZ
:KHQWKHZDWHUUHDFKHVWKHWHPSHUDWXUHWKHZDUPLQJIXQFWLRQDXWRPDWLFDOO\VWRSV7KHZDWHU
SUHSDUDWLRQEXWWRQOLJKW&VWDUWVÀDVKLQJ
Warning - Risk of burns
'RQRWRSHQWKHFRYHUZKLOHWKHZDWHULVERLOLQJ'DQJHURIVSODVKLQJIURPERLOLQJZDWHU
0DNHVXUHWKDWWKHDSSOLDQFHLVRIIEHIRUHOLIWLQJLWIURPWKHSRZHUEDVH
 /LIWWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHUNHWWOHE\LWVKDQGOH'LVFRQQHFWWKHFRQWDLQHUIURPWKHSRZHUVXSSO\
EDVH
 3RXUWKHZDWHULQWRWKHFXSV
$IWHUHDFKXVHHPSW\WKHZDWHUOHIWLQWKHFRQWDLQHU
7RERLOZDWHUDJDLQZDLWDIHZVHFRQGVWRDOORZWKHERLOGU\SURWHFWLRQGHYLFHWRUHVHW
7KHSUHVHQFHRIZDWHUGURSOHWVXQGHUWKHFRQWDLQHULVFRPSOHWHO\QRUPDOLWLVRQO\FRQGHQ-
sation.
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HOW TO SWITCH OFF THE APPLIANCE
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XQSOXJWKHSRZHUFRUGIURPWKHPDLQVVXSSO\
Protection from overheating
,IWKHDSSOLDQFHZDVWXUQHGRQHPSW\ZLWKRXWPLONRUZDWHUDIWHUDERXWVHFRQGVLWZLOOWXUQ
RIIDXWRPDWLFDOO\WRSURWHFWLWIURPRYHUKHDWLQJ7RERLOZDWHUDJDLQZDLWDIHZVHFRQGVWRDOORZWKH
ERLOGU\SURWHFWLRQGHYLFHWRUHVHW
CLEANING THE APPLIANCE
Danger - Risk of electric shock
$OOFOHDQLQJRSHUDWLRQVGHVFULEHGEHORZPXVWEHPDGHZLWKSRZHURIIDQGWKHHOHFWULFDOSOXJ
GLVFRQQHFWIURPWKHSRZHURXWOHW
Caution - Risk of material damage
$JRRGPDLQWHQDQFHDQGUHJXODUFOHDQLQJSUHVHUYHDQGPDLQWDLQWKHDSSOLDQFHRSHUDWLQJ
HI¿FLHQWO\IRUDORQJHUSHULRGJUHDWO\UHGXFLQJWKHULVNRIVFDOHIRUPDWLRQLQVLGHWKHDSSOLDQFH
1HYHUZDVKWKHDSSOLDQFHFRPSRQHQWVLQWKHGLVKZDVKHU'RQRWXVHGLUHFWMHWVRIZDWHU
1HYHUSXWWKHNHWWOHRIWKHHOHFWULFFRIIHHPDNHUWKHFRQWDLQHURIWKHFDSSXFFLQRPDNHURU
WKHSRZHUEDVHLQFRQWDFWZLWKZDWHU7KHFRPSRQHQWVPXVWQRWEHH[SRVHGWRPRLVWXUH7KH
HOHFWULFDOSDUWVPXVWDOVREHSURWHFWHGDJDLQVWSRVVLEOHVSODVKHVRUGURSVRIZDWHU
)RUFOHDQLQJGRQRWXVHDQ\FKHPLFDODEUDVLYHRUDJJUHVVLYHGHWHUJHQW
Warning - Risk of burns
$OOWKHFOHDQLQJRSHUDWLRQVLQGLFDWHGEHORZPXVWEHSHUIRUPHGZKHQDOOWKHKRWSDUWVRIWKH
DSSOLDQFHKDYHFRROHG
Cleaning the power base
7KHSRZHUEDVHPXVWEHFOHDQHGZLWKDGDPSFORWK'RQRWXVHDEUDVLYHGHWHUJHQWVRUPHWDOOLF
XWHQVLOV
Cleaning the electric coffee maker
7KHNHWWOHFDQEHFOHDQHGZLWKDGDPSFORWK'RQRWXVHDEUDVLYHGHWHUJHQWVRUPHWDOOLFXWHQVLOV
:KHQUHPRYLQJWKHVHDO,DQGWKHGLVF¿OWHU-IRUFOHDQLQJRUWRUHSODFHWKHPEHFDUHIXOWR
UHSRVLWLRQWKHPFRUUHFWO\WRDYRLGKRWZDWHUVSXUWVRUVSODVKHV
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Cleaning the cappuccino maker/kettle
After each heating and frothing process immediately clean the container, in order to avoid
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TROUBLESHOOTING
Warning!
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For the cappuccino maker/kettle
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Danger - Risque d'électrocution
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32
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Attendre que la cafetière italienne refroidisse avant de dévisser la chaudière et préparer un
nouveau café. Sinon, on peut aussi utiliser des gants ou un linge de cuisine pour éviter de
se brûler.
Attention - Risque de dégâts matériels
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Café pour deux tasses
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graphe correspondant.
33
FR
Fonction de maintien au chaud
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COMMENT UTILISER LE DISPOSITIF À CAPPUCCINO/BOUILLOIRE
Danger - Risque d'électrocution
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Possibilité de mettre simultanément en marche la cafetière électrique et le mousseur à lait/
bouilloire
POUR FAIRE MOUSSER LE LAIT
Sélectionner l'accessoire
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Avertissement - Risque de brûlures
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POUR CHAUFFER L'EAU
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COMMENT ÉTEINDRE L'APPAREIL
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36
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NETTOYAGE DE L’APPAREIL
Danger - Risque d'électrocution
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Gefahr für Kinder
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Gefahr wegen Strom
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Hinweise zu Verbrühungsgefahr
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Inbetriebnahme
Überprüfen, ob die Netzspannung der Hausinstallation den Angaben auf dem Typenschild
des Geräts entspricht.
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IOOHQ$EE'DV6LFKHUKHLWVYHQWLOQLFKWEHUVFKUHLWHQ
 'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHU)LOWHULQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUHLQIJHQ
 'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUPLW3XOYHUNDIIHHIOOHQRKQHLKQDQ]XGUFNHQ'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ
)LOWHUQDFKXQGQDFKIOOHQXP]XYHUPHLGHQGDVVGHU3XOYHUNDIIHHEHUOlXIW'HQ.DIIHH
HLQKHLWOLFKYHUWHLOHQXQGGHUHYHQWXHOOHhEHUVFKXVVDXVGHP)LOWHUUDQGZHJZLVFKHQ
3XOYHUNDIIHHYRQJXWHU4XDOLWlWPLWPLWWOHUHU0DKOVWXIHXQGIU0RNNDNDQQHYHUSDFNWYHU-
ZHQGHQ
:LUG]XYLHO.DIIHHSXOYHULQGHQ WULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUHLQJHIOOW* NDQQHVVFKZLHULJ
VHLQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU(DQGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW].]XVFKUDXEHQ:lKUHQGGHU.DI-
IHHDEJDEHNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVHV9HUOXVWHDXVGHP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJLEW'HU.DIIHH
N|QQWHQLFKWNRUUHNWDXVÁLHHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDQGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW]JXWDQVFKUDXEHQRKQH]XYLHO]XGUHKHQ.HL-
QHQ+HEHOHIIHNWDQGHU*ULIIDXVEHQ
:lKUHQGGDV*HUlWLQ%HWULHELVWPXVVGHU'HFNHO]XEOHLEHQ
 'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ''HQ'HFNHOVFKOLHHQ
 $QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJ$GUFNHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH6FKDOWHUDQ-
]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
1DFKHLQLJHQ0LQXWHQÀLHWGHU.DIIHHKHUDXV:DUWHQELVGHU.DIIHHNRPSOHWWKHUDXVJHÀRVVHQ
LVW'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJ$IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ0LWHLQHP7HHO|IIHO
GHQ.DIIHHPLVFKHQGDPLW6WlUNHXQG7HPSHUDWXUJOHLFKPlLJZHUGHQ
'HQ.DIIHHLQGLH7DVVHQJHEHQ
9RUHLQHUHUQHXWHQ.DIIHH]XEHUHLWXQJXPGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDE]XVFKUDXEHQDEZDUWHQ
bis sich die elektrische Mokkakanne kalt ist. Alternativ kann man Handschuhe oder Lappen
YHUZHQGHQXP9HUEUHQQXQJHQYRU]XEHXJHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'LHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHGDUIQLFKWLQ5lXPHQPLW7HPSHUDWXUHQXQWHU&EOHLEHQGD
GDVUHVWOLFKH:DVVHULP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUIULHUHQXQG6FKDGHQYHUXUVDFKHQN|QQWH
Kaffee für zwei Tassen
 'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHU(KDOEPLW:DVVHUIOOHQ$EEGDEHLDFKWHQGDVVGDV:DVVHUXQWHU
GHU+|KHGHV6LFKHUKHLWVYHQWLOV)EOHLEW
 'HQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ7DVVHQ)LOWHU*DXIGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDXIVHW]HQ
 8PGHQ7DVVHQ.DIIHHYRU]XEHUHLWHQGLH$QSDVVXQJVVFKHLEH+LQGHQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ
7DVVHQ)LOWHUHLQVFKLHEHQ$EE
 /DXW$EVDW]'LH.DIIHHYRUEHUHLWXQJYRUJHKHQ
46
DE
7ULWWNHLQHQ.DIIHHKHUDXVNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGHU)LOWHUYHUVWRSIWLVW'LH.DIIHHDEJDEHXQ-
WHUEUHFKHQXQGZDUWHQELVGDV*HUlWDEJHNKOWLVW$QVFKOLHHQGZLHLPHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ
Abschnitt angegeben reinigen.
Warmhaltefunktion
:HQQGLHHOHNWULVFKH0RNNDNDQQHDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOEOHLEWVWDUWHWGLH:DUPKDO-
WHSKDVH'DPLWEOHLEWGHU.DIIHHZDUP'LH:DUPKDOWHIXQNWLRQEOHLEW0LQXWHQODQJDNWLY
VERWENDUNG DES MILCHSCHÄUMERS/WASSERKOCHERS
Gefahr - Stromschlagrisiko
%HLP$XIIOOHQXQG$XVOHHUHQGHV0LOFKEHKlOWHUVVROOGLHVHUYRPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHO
JHWUHQQWVHLQ
'LHDQGHU,QQHQVHLWHGHV:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVDQJHEUDFKWHQ1LYHDXPDUNHQ0$;EHDFKWHQ
'LH)OlFKHDXIGHP%HKlOWHUERGHQPXVVLPPHUPLW0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUEHGHFNWVHLQ:HQQ
GLH0LOFKE]Z:DVVHUPHQJHXQJHQJHQGLVWEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVGDV*HUlWVLFKEHU-
KLW]W:HQQGDV*HUlWEHUGLH1LYHDXPDUNHQEHUIOOWZLUGNDQQHVVHLQGDVVGLH0LOFK
RGHUGDV:DVVHUZlKUHQGGHU$XIZlUPSKDVHDXVWULWW
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
'DV*HUlWGDUIQLFKWRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ
'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUQXUPLWIULVFKHU0LOFKRGHUQDWUOLFKHP:DVVHUIOOHQ
'HU0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUGDUIQLFKWRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUEHWULHEHQZHUGHQ
'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUQLFKWPLWZDUPHPRGHUKHLHP:DVVHUDXIIOOHQ
Beim erstmaligen Einschalten des Gerätes das Wasser kochen lassen. Den Wasserbehälter
DXVOHHUHQXQGVSOHQ'LHVHQ9RUJDQJ]ZHLRGHUGUHLPDOZLHGHUKROHQ
:lKUHQGGHVHUVWHQ$XIZlUPHQVNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVGDV*HUlWHLQHQOHLFKWHQ*HUXFK
DEJLEW.HLQH6RUJH'DVLVWDEVROXWQRUPDOZHLOHLQLJH7HLOHOHLFKWJHVFKPLHUWVLQG1DFK
HLQLJHU=HLWZLUGGHQ*HUXFKYHUVFKZLQGHQ
Gleichzeitiges Betrieb der elektrischen Mokkakanne und des Milchschäumers/Wasserko-
FKHUVP|JOLFK
DIE MILCH AUFSCHÄUMEN
Den Einsatz auswählen
8PYLHO6FKDXP]XHUKDOWHQGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]HLQVWHFNHQ
8PHLQHQZHQLJ6FKDXP]XHUKDOWHQRGHUNOHLQH0HQJHQOHLFKWDXI]XVFKlXPHQ
GHQ(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDOYHUZHQGHQ
'DPLWVLHQLFKWYHUORUHQJHKHQELWWHGLH(LQVlW]HLP6WDXSODW]LPXQWHUHQ7HLOGHV6RFNHOV$EE
DXIEHZDKUHQ
47
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Die Milch gießen
 'HQ'HFNHOGHV%HKlOWHUVVFKOLHHQ
 'HQHQWVSUHFKHQGHQ(LQVDW]LQGHQ+DOWHU8DXIGHP%RGHQGHV%HKlOWHUVHLQVWHFNHQ
 'LH0LOFKELV]XP0D[LPDOQLYHDXIOOHQGDVPLWHLQHP6WULFKDQGHU+|KHGHU0$;0DUNLH-
UXQJDQJHJHEHQLVW
0$;IUGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]
0$;IUGHQ(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDO
 'HQ'HFNHOVROOVHKUJXWDQ%HKlOWHUEHIHVWLJWZHUGHQ
Die Milch schäumen und aufzuwärmen
 'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ
 $QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
 'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%HLQPDOGUFNHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH
6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
 'DV*HUlWIlQJWDQGLH0LOFKDXI]XZlUPHQXQG]XVFKlXPHQ
:HQQGHU(LQVDW]PLW6SLUDOYHUZHQGHWZLUGGDXHUWGHU$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVFD0LQXWHQ
:HQQGHU(LQVDW]RKQH6SLUDOYHUZHQGHWZLUGGDXHUWGHU$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVFD0LQXWHQ
'LH$XIZlUPXQJXQGGDV$XIVFKlXPHQVWRSSHQDXWRPDWLVFK
'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU&DS-
SXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
:HQQGLH0LOFKNRFKWGDUIPDQGHQ'HFNHOGDUIQLFKW|IIQHQ9RUVLFKW'LHKHLH0LOFKNDQQ
KHUDXVVSULW]HQ
9RUGHP$EQHKPHQGHV*HUlWVDXVGHPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHWLVW
 +HEHQ6LHGHQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDQVHLQHP*ULII'HQ%HKlOWHUDXVGHPHOHNWUL-
VFKHQ+HL]VRFNHODEQHKPHQ
 'LH0LOFKLQGLH7DVVHJLHHQ
Nach dem Gebrauch, den Behälter und den Einsatz sofort spülen, damit die Milch nicht im
Behälter austrocknet.
Die Milch kalt aufschäumen lassen
0DQNDQQGHQ6FKDXP$XIVFKlXPHQRKQHGLH0LOFK]XHUZlUPHQ8PHLQHQZHLFKHQXQGFUHPL-
JHQ6FKDXP]XKDEHQDXVVFKOLHOLFKGHQVSLUDOI|UPLJHQ(LQVDW]YHUZHQGHQ
 'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%GUFNHQXQGLKQIUFD6HNXQGHQJHGUFNW
KDOWHQELVGDV*HUlWDQIlQJWGLH0LOFKDXIVFKlXPHQ]XODVVHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ
'LH6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWEODX
1DFKFD±0LQXWHQVWRSSWGHU0LOFKVFKDXPYRUJDQJDXWRPDWLVFK'LH$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV
]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Die Erwärmung und die Milchaufschäumung vorzeitig unterbrechen oder
stoppen
 'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLQRYRUEHUHLWXQJ%GUFNHQ'LH%HWULHEVDQ]HLJHVFKDOWHWVLFKDXV
8PZHLWHUDXI]XZlUPHQXQGDXI]XVFKlXPHQGHQ6FKDOWHU]XU&DSSXFFLRQRYRUEHUHLWXQJQRFK-
48
DE
PDOVGUFNHQ
 NXU]ZHQQPDQDXIZlUPHQXQGDXIVFKlXPHQZLOO
 ODQJZHQQPDQDXIVFKlXPHQZLOORKQHDXI]XZlUPHQ
DAS WASSER AUFWÄRMEN
'LH]ZHL0LOFKVFKlXPHLQVlW]HGUIHQEHLP:DVVHUNRFKHQQLFKWYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ'HQ(LQVDW]
3RG4DXVGHP:DVVHUNRFKHUHQWIHUQHQ
 'HQ:DVVHUNRFKHUELV]XPJHZQVFKWHQ)OOVWDQGPLWIULVFKHPVWLOOHP:DVVHUDXIIOOHQ
Nicht über den angegebenen MAX-Füllstand auffüllen.
 'HQ'HFNHOVROOVHKUJXWDQ%HKlOWHUEHIHVWLJWZHUGHQ
 'HQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDXIGHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVWHOOHQ
 $QVFKOLHHQGGHQ6WHFNHULQHLQH6WHFNGRVHPLW(UGOHLWXQJVWHFNHQ
Um Wasser kochen zu lassen
 'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&HLQPDOGUFNHQ'DV *HUlWVFKDOWHW VLFKDQ'LH
6FKDOWHUDQ]HLJHOHXFKWHWURW
Das Wasser bis 80° C aufwärmen
 'HQ6FKDOWHU]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&GUFNHQXQGLKQIUFD6HNXQGHQJHGUFNWKDOWHQ
ELVGDV*HUlWDQIlQJWGDV:DVVHU]XHUZlUPHQ'DV*HUlWVFKDOWHWVLFKDQ'LH6FKODWHUDQ-
]HLJHOHXFKWHWJHOE
6REDOGGDV:DVVHUGLHHLQJHVWHOOWH7HPSHUDWXUHUUHLFKWVWRSSWGLH+HL]IXQNWLRQDXWRPDWLVFK'LH
$Q]HLJHGHV6FKDOWHUV]XU:DVVHUYRUEHUHLWXQJ&IlQJWDQ]XEOLQNHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
'HQ'HFNHOQLFKW|IIQHQVRODQJHGDV:DVVHUNRFKW(VEHVWHKWGLH*HIDKUGDVVNRFKHQGHQ
:DVVHUKHUDXVVSULW]W
9RUGHP$EQHKPHQGHV*HUlWVDXVGHPHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOVLFKHUVWHOOHQGDVVGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHWLVW
 +HEHQ6LHGHQ0LOFKVFKlXPHU:DVVHUNRFKHUDQVHLQHP*ULII'HQ%HKlOWHUDXVGHPHOHNWUL-
VFKHQ+HL]VRFNHODEQHKPHQ
 'DV:DVVHULQGLH7DVVHQJLHHQ
1DFKMHGHP*HEUDXFKGDVLQ%HKlOWHUYHUEOHLEHQGHQ:DVVHUDXVOHHUHQ
8PHUQHXW:DVVHU]XNRFKHQHLQLJH6HNXQGHQZDUWHQGDPLWVLFKGLH(LQVFKDOWYRUULFKWXQJ]X-
UFNVHW]HQNDQQ
Wenn einige Wassertropfen unter des Behälters bleiben, ist es absolut normal: Es ist nur
.RQGHQVZDVVHU
DAS GERÄT AUSSCHALTEN
:LUGNHLQH7DVWHJHGUFNWZRUGHQLVWXQGDOOH%HWULHEVDQ]HLJHDXVJHVFKDOWHWVLQGGDQQLVWGDV
*HUlWDXVJHVFKDOWHW'HQ6WHFNHUGHV$QVFKOXVVNDEHOVLPPHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
Überhitzungsschutz
:HQQGDV*HUlWOHHUGKRKQH0LOFKRGHU:DVVHUHLQJHVFKDOWHWZLUGVFKDOWHWHVVLFKQDFKFD
49
DE
6HNXQGHQGDQNGHUhEHUKLW]XQJVVFKXW]DXWRPDWLVFKDXV8PHUQHXW:DVVHU]XNRFKHQ
HLQLJH6HNXQGHQZDUWHQGDPLWVLFKGLH(LQVFKDOWYRUULFKWXQJ]XUFNVHW]HQNDQQ
REININGUNG DES GERÄTS
Gefahr - Stromschlagrisiko
$OOHXQWHQEHVFKULHEHQHQ5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVLQGEHLDXVJHVFKDOWHWHP*HUlWXQGEHLJH-
WUHQQWHP6WHFNHUDXV]XIKUHQ
Achtung - Sachschadenrisiko
*XWHXQGUHJHOPlLJH:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVFKW]HQXQGHUKDOWHQGDV*HUlW
IUHLQHOlQJHUH=HLWZLUNVDPXQGVFKUlQNHQGDV5LVLNRYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQVWDUNHLQ
'LH*HUlWHWHLOHQLFKWLQGHU6SOPDVFKLQHVSOHQ.HLQHQGLUHNWHQ:DVVHUVWUDKOYHUZHQGHQ
'HP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUGHUHOHNWULVFKHQ0RNNDNDQQHGHQ%HKlOWHUGHV0LOFKVFKlXPHUVRGHU
GHQHOHNWULVFKHQ+HL]VRFNHOQLHLP.RQWDNWPLW:DVVHUEULQJHQ'LH%HVWDQGWHLOHGUIHQQLH
GHU)HXFKWLJNHLWDXVJHVHW]WZHUGHQ'LHHOHNWULVFKHQ7HLOHQPVVHQDXFKYRQHYHQWXHOOHQ
:DVVHUVSULW]HQRGHU±WURSIHQJHVFKW]WZHUGHQ
)UGLH5HLQLJXQJNHLQHFKHPLVFKHQVFKHXHUQGHQRGHUDJJUHVVLYHQ5HLQLJXQJVPLWWHOYHU-
ZHQGHQ
Warnung - Verbrennungsrisiko
$OOH5HLQLJXQJVXQG3ÀHJHDUEHLWHQPVVHQDXVJHIKUWZHUGHQZHQQGLHKHLH*HUlWHWHLOH
ZLHGHUNDOWVLQG
Reinigung des elektrischen Heizsockels
'HUHOHNWULVFKH+HL]VRFNHOPXVVPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFKJHZLVFKWZHUGHQ.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHO
RGHU0HWDOOXWHQVLOLHQYHUZHQGHQ
Reinigung der elektrischen Mokkakanne
'HU:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPXVVPLWHLQHPIHXFKWHQ7XFKJHZLVFKWZHUGHQ.HLQH6FKHXHUPLWWHORGHU
0HWDOOXWHQVLOLHQYHUZHQGHQ
1DFKGHPGLH'LFKWXQJ,XQGGHQUXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]-IUGLH5HLQLJXQJRGHUIUGHQ(UVDW]
DEJHQRPPHQZXUGHQEHLGHU:LHGHUPRQWDJHJXWDXISDVVHQXP]XYHUPHLGHQGDVVGDVKHLH
:DVVHUDEVSULW]W
3UIHQGDVVGLHNOHLQHQ/|FKHUGHVWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUVQLFKWYHUVWRSIWVLQGXQGJHJHEHQHQIDOOV
PLWHLQHUNOHLQHQ%UVWHUHLQLJHQ$EE
:HQQGLH'LFKWXQJXQGGHUUXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]DEJHQXW]WRGHUYHUEUDXFKWVLQGPVVHQVLHHU-
VHW]WZHUGHQ1XU2ULJLQDOHUVDW]WHLOHYHUZHQGHQGLHEHLGHQDXWRULVLHUWHQ6HUYLFH&HQWHUHUKlOWOLFK
VLQG
Entkalkung des Wasserbehälters
0LWGHU=HLWNDQQHVSDVVLHUHQGDVVQDFKGHU9RUEHUHLWXQJPHKUHUHU.DIIHHVVLFKDXIGHP%RGHQ
GHV:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVHLQH.DONVFKLFKW ELOGHW'LHVNDQQGLH)LOWHU]HLWHUKHEOLFKYHUOlQJHUQ 8P
GLHVHV3UREOHP]XYHUPHLGHQPXVVPDQGLHVH.DONVFKLFKWPLWHLQHP(QWNDONXQJVYRUJDQJDEXQG
]XHQWIHUQHQ'DIUVSH]L¿VFKHVLFKLP+DQGHOEH¿QGOLFKHQ(QWNDONXQJVPLWWHOQ]%=LWUXVVlXUH
YHUZHQGHQ
)UGLH(QWNDONXQJZLHIROJWYRUJHKHQG
50
DE
 3UIHQREGLH0RNNDNDQQHNDOWLVWXQGVLHDEVFKUDXEHQ
 'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUPLWGHP(QWNDONXQJVPLWWHOIOOHQXQGKDOEH6WXQGHZDUWHQ
 'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHULQQHQJXWUHLQLJHQ
Den Vorgang mit kaltem, nicht im elektrischen Heizsockel eingesteckten Wasserbehälter
durchführen.
 1DFKHLQHUKDOEHQ6WXQGHGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUHQWOHHUHQXQGSUIHQREGHUJDQ]H%RGHQIUHL
YRP.DONVWHLQLVW'DQQGHQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJXWVSOHQ'HQ:DVVHUEHKlOWHUQLFKWLQV:DVVHU
HLQWDXFKHQ
 0LQGHVWHQVGUHLPDOGHQ.DIIHHNRFKHQXQGGLHVHQQLFKWYHU]HKUHQ
'LH*DUDQWLHOHLVWXQJHQGHFNHQNHLQH6FKlGHQDEGLHGXUFKYRQ.DONYHUXUVDFKWHQ9HUVWRSIXQJHQ
HQWVWDQGHQVLQG
Reinigung des Milchschäumers/Wasserkochers
1DFKMHGHP$XIZlUPXQJVXQG$XIVFKlXPXQJVSUR]HVVGHQ%HKlOWHUVRIRUWVSOHQGDPLW
die Milch nicht im Behälter austrocknet.
 'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WURPVWHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
 'HQ(LQVDW]DXVGHP%HKlOWHUKHUDXVQHKPHQ
 'HQ'HFNHQ2XQGGLH(LQVlW]H43PLWZDUPHQ:DVVHUXQG*HVFKLUUVSOHUVSOHQ
 1XUGHQ,QQHQWHLOGHV%HKlOWHUV5PLWZDUPHQ:DVVHUXQG*HVFKLUUVSOHUVSOHQ
 $OOH7HLOHJUQGOLFKWURFNQHQYRUDOOHPGHQ%HKlOWHUGDPLWVLFKNHLQH)OHFNHQELOGHQ
Entkalkung des Behälters
*XWHXQGUHJHOPlLJH:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHVFKW]HQXQGHUKDOWHQGDV*HUlWIU
HLQHOlQJHUH=HLWZLUNVDPXQGVFKUlQNHQGDV5LVLNRYRQ.DONDEODJHUXQJHQVWDUNHLQ.RPPWWURW]
GHU:DUWXQJVXQG5HLQLJXQJVHLQJULIIHQDFKHLQHUJHZLVVHU=HLW]X%HWULHEVVW|UXQJHQLPIROJHYRQ
GHPKlX¿JHQ*HEUDXFKYRQKDUWHPXQGNDONKDOWLJHQ:DVVHUVRNDQQPDQGDV*HUlWHQWNDONHQ
XPGLH%HWULHEVVW|UXQJ]XEHVHLWLJHQ'DIUVSH]L¿VFKHVLFKLP+DQGHOEH¿QGOLFKHQ(QWNDONXQJV-
PLWWHOQ]%=LWUXVVlXUHYHUZHQGHQ
AUSSERBETRIEBSETZUNG
:HQQGDV*HUlWDXHU%HWULHEJHVHW]WZLUGELWWHHVYRQGHP6WURPQHW]WUHQQHQ'DV6WURPNDEHO
DEVFKQHLGHQ
,P)DOOHGHU9HUVFKURWWXQJVLQGGLHXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQIUGLH+HUVWHOOXQJGHV*HUlWHVYHUZHQGHWHQ
6WRIIHQ]XWUHQQHQXQGHQWVSUHFKHQGLKUHU=XVDPPHQVWHOOXQJXQGGHULQGHU9HUZHQGXQJVODQG
JHOWHQGHQ1RUPHQ]XHQWVRUJHQ
WAS TUN, WENN ES PROBLEME GIBT
Achtung!
51
DE
%HL%HWULHEVVW|UXQJHQGDV*HUlWVRIRUWDXVVFKDOWHQ'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
:DUWHQELVGDV*HUlWDEJHNKOWLVW$OWHUQDWLYNDQQPDQ+DQGVFKXKHRGHU/DSSHQYHUZHQ-
GHQXP9HUEUHQQXQJHQYRU]XEHXJHQ
Für die elektrische Mokkakanne
3UREOHPH Ursachen $EKLOIH
'HU.DIIHHOlXIWQLFKW
KHUDXV
.HLQ:DVVHULP
:DVVHUEHKlOWHU
'HQ9RUJDQJPLWGHUULFKWLJHQ:DVVHUPHQJHLP
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUZLHGHUKROHQ
'HU.DIIHHÀLHWDXV
GHQ5lQGHUQGHV
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVDXV
:DKUVFKHLQOLFKZXUGH]X
YLHOJHPDKOHQHU.DIIHH
LQGHQ7ULFKWHU¿OWHU
DXVJHVFKWWHWZDVHLQ
JUQGOLFKHV6FKOLHHQGHV
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUVDQGHP
.DQQHQDXIVDW]YHUKLQGHUW
'HQ9RUJDQJPLWGHUULFKWLJHQ.DIIHHPHQJHLP
WULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ)LOWHUZLHGHUKROHQ
$XIGHU'LFKWXQJYHUEOHLEHQ
5HVWHYRQJHPDKOHQHP
.DIIHH
'LH'LFKWXQJPLWHLQHP=DKQVWRFKHURGHUPLW
HLQHP6FKZDPPUHLQLJHQ
'LH$XVODVV|IIQXQJHQGHV
UXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]HV-
VLQGYHUVWRSIW
'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WURPVWHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
+DQGVFKXKHRGHU/DSSHQYHUZHQGHQ'HQ
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDXVGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW]
DXVVFKUDXEHQ'LHYHUVWRSIWHQ/|FKHUDPUXQGHQ
)LOWHUHLQVDW]PLWHLQHUNOHLQHQ%UVWHXQGHLQHU
1DGHOUHLQLJHQ$EE
'LH'LFKWXQJLVWYHUEUDQQW
RGHUNDSXWW
'LH'LFKWXQJHUVHW]HQ
'HU.DQQHQDXIVDW]LVW
QLFKWNRUUHNWPLWGHP
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJHVFKUDXEW
'LH.DQQHPLWGHP:DVVHUEHKlOWHUJXW
]XVFKUDXEHQ.HLQHQ+HEHOHIIHNWDQGHU*ULII
DXVEHQ
.HLQH.DIIHHDXVJDEH
RGHU]XODQJVDPH
.DIIHHDXVJDEH
'LH$XVODVV|IIQXQJHQGHV
UXQGHQ)LOWHUHLQVDW]HV-
VLQGYHUVWRSIW
'HQ6WHFNHUDXVGHU6WURPVWHFNGRVH]LHKHQ
+DQGVFKXKHRGHU/DSSHQYHUZHQGHQ'HQ
:DVVHUEHKlOWHUDXVGHP.DQQHQDXIVDW]
DXVVFKUDXEHQ'LHYHUVWRSIWHQ/|FKHUDPUXQGHQ
)LOWHUHLQVDW]PLWHLQHUNOHLQHQ%UVWHXQGHLQHU
1DGHOUHLQLJHQ$EE
=XIHLQJHPDKOHQH
.DIIHHPLVFKXQJ
0LWHLQHUJUREHUJHPDKOHQHQ.DIIHHVRUWH
YHUVXFKHQ
=XIHVWJHGUFNWH
.DIIHHPLVFKXQJ
(LQHNOHLQHUH0HQJH.DIIHLQGHQWULFKWHUI|UPLJHQ
.DIIHDXVVFKWWHQ
$P:DVVHUEHKlOWHUERGHQ
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 1RFRORTXHQXQFDODVSDUWHVEDMRWHQVLyQHQFRQWDFWRFRQHODJXD£SXHGHSUR-
YRFDUXQFRUWRFLUFXLWR
 'HVHQFKXIHODPiTXLQDDQWHVGHHIHFWXDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]DRPDQWH-
QLPLHQWR
 1XQFDVXPHUJLUHODSDUDWRHQDJXDQLHQRWURVOtTXLGRV
Peligro de daños debidos a otras causas
 (OLMDXQDPELHQWHFRQVX¿FLHQWHLOXPLQDFLyQOLPSLR\FRQXQDWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
IiFLOPHQWHDFFHVLEOH
 (ODSDUDWRQRVHGHEHXWLOL]DUVLVHKDFDtGRVLKD\GDxRVYLVLEOHVHQFDVRGH
DYHUtDVRGHSUHVXQWRVGHIHFWRVGHVSXpVGHXQDFDtGDRVLSLHUGHDJXD1R
SRQJDQXQFDHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHODSDUDWRGHIHFWXRVR
 7RGDVODVUHSDUDFLRQHV LQFOXVROD VXVWLWXFLyQGHO FDEOHGH DOLPHQWDFLyQ GH-
EHQVHUHIHFWXDGDV~QLFDPHQWHSRUHO&HQWURGH$VLVWHQFLD$XWRUL]DGRRSRU
XQDSHUVRQDFRQFDOL¿FDFLyQVLPLODUSDUDSUHYHQLUFXDOTXLHUULHVJR(Q FDVR
FRQWUDULRVHLQYDOLGDODJDUDQWtD6HGHFOLQDFXDOTXLHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHELGDD
HYHQWXDOHVGDxRVSURYRFDGRVSRULQWHUYHQFLRQHVGHUHSDUDFLyQQRUHDOL]DGDV
FRUUHFWDPHQWH
Advertencia relativa a quemaduras
 1RWRTXHODVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVGHODSDUDWRPLHQWUDVHVWiHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\
HQORVPLQXWRVVLJXLHQWHVDODSDJDGR1RWRTXHODVVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHV8WLOLFH
DJDUUDGRUHVRWUDSRV
 6DTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
VyORFXDQGRHOSURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWRKDWHUPLQDGR\HODSDUDWRHVWiDSDJDGR
 6XMHWHODPRNDHOpFWULFD\HOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUSRUVXDVD
 $QWHVGHOLPSLDUORGHMDUHQIULDUHODSDUDWR
Atención – daños materiales
 &RORFDUHODSDUDWRHQXQDVXSHU¿FLHSODQDHVWDEOHGRQGHQRVHSXHGDYROFDU
 1RFRORTXHHODSDUDWRVREUHVXSHU¿FLHVFDOLHQWHVRFHUFDGHOODPDVSDUDHYLWDU
GDxRVDODSDUWHH[WHULRU
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 8WLOLFHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQGRWDFLyQPDQWHQJDODEDVH
OLPSLD\VHFD
 (OFDEOHQRGHEHWRFDUODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
 1RXWLOL]DUDJXDFRQJDVDGLFLRQDGDGHDQKtGULGRFDUEyQLFR
 1RXVHHODSDUDWRHQXQHVSDFLRDODLUHOLEUH
 1RGHMHQXQFDHODSDUDWRH[SXHVWRDORVDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVOOXYLDVROHWF
3DUDODFRUUHFWDHOLPLQDFLyQGHOSURGXFWRVHJ~QOD'LUHFWLYD(XURSHD
(8VHUXHJDOHHUHOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHGRFXPHQWRDQH[RDOSURGXFWR
GUARDAR SIEMPRE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL APARATO
(ODSDUDWRFRQVLVWHHQXQDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQHQXQDPRNDHOpFWULFD\HQXQFDSXFKLQDGRU
KHUYLGRU
$%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp
%%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSSXFFLQR
&%RWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD
'%DVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
Componentes de la moka eléctrica
(&DOGHUD
)9iOYXODGHVHJXULGDG
*)LOWURHPEXGRGHFXDWURWD]DV
+'LVFRDGDSWDGRUSDUDGRVWD]DV
, -XQWD
- )LOWURGHGLVFR
K - Jarra
/ 2UL¿FLRVGHHURJDFLyQ
07DSD
10DQJR
Componentes del capuchinador/hervidor
27DSD
P - Elemento sin espiral
4(OHPHQWRFRQHVSLUDO
R - recipiente
S - Mango
7,QGLFDGRUGHQLYHO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHVLQHVSLUDO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
U - Soporte para los elementos
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'DWRVGHLGHQWLÀFDFLyQ
(QODHWLTXHWDVLWXDGDGHEDMRGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDQORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRVGH
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWR
 FRQVWUXFWRU\PDUFD&(
 PRGHOR0RG
 QGHPDWUtFXOD61
 WHQVLyQHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ9\IUHFXHQFLD+]
 SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUELGD:
 QXPHURYHUGHDVLVWHQFLD
(QHYHQWXDOHVSHGLGRVDORVFHQWURGHDVLVWHQFLDVLQGLTXHHOPRGHOR\HOQ~PHURGHPDWUtFXOD
FASES PRELIMINARES DE USO
Puesta en función
Controle que la tensión de la red doméstica sea igual que la indicada en la tarjeta con los
datos técnicos del aparato.
 5HWLUHHOHPEDODMH\FRPSUXHEHTXHWRGDVODVSLH]DVHVWiQSUHVHQWHV
 /DYHODVSLH]DVFRPRVHLQGLFDHQHOSiUUDIR©/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWRª
 &RORTXHHODSDUDWRGHPDQHUDTXHORVQLxRVQRSXHGDQOOHJDUDODVSDUWHVFDOLHQWHV&RORTXH
ODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVREUHXQDVXSHU¿FLHSODQDOHMRVGHJULIRV\IUHJDGHURV
COMO HACER EL CAFÉ
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
(OOOHQDGRGHODFDOGHUDVHUHDOL]DUiFRQODFDOGHUDVHSDUDGDGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RXWLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFDVLQDJXD
7HQJDPXFKRFXLGDGRGHTXHHODJXDQRPRMHODSDUWHH[WHULRUGHODFDOGHUD(YLWHLQ¿OWUD-
FLRQHVGHDJXDDOLQWHULRUGHODVSLH]DVHOpFWULFDV
1ROOHQDUQXQFDODFDOGHUDFRQDJXDFDOLHQWHRKLUYLHQGR
/OHQHODFDOGHUDVyORFRQDJXDIUtDGHOJULIR
1RLQWURGX]FDQXQFD HQHO ¿OWURHPEXGR VXEVWDQFLDVTXH QRVHDQ FDIp HQ SROYR'H OR
FRQWUDULRSRGUtDQSURYRFDUJUDYHVGDxRVDODSDUDWR1RXWLOLFHODPRNDHOpFWULFDFRQFDIp
GHPDOWD
La primera vez que se enciende el aparato, o después de un periodo de inactividad, se re-
comienda dejar salir por lo menos un café. Lave y seque la jarra y todos los accesorios. No
lave la caldera o la base de alimentación.
 $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDHVWiIUtD
 6DTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
 6XMHWHODFDOGHUD(FRQXQDPDQR\FRQODRWUDGHVHQURVTXHODMDUUD.HQVHQWLGRDQWLKR-
UDULR
 5HWLUHHO¿OWURHPEXGR*
 /OHQHODFDOGHUDFRQDJXDKDVWDOOHJDUDODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDG)YLVLEOHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGH
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ODFDOGHUD)LJ1RVREUHSDVHHOQLYHOGHODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDG
 ,QWURGX]FDHO¿OWURHPEXGRHQODFDOGHUD
 /OHQHHO¿OWURHPEXGRGHFDIpPROLGRVLQSUHVLRQDUOR/OpQHORSRFRDSRFRSDUDHYLWDUHOGHV-
ERUGDPLHQWRGHOFDIpPROLGR'LVWULEX\DHOFDIpXQLIRUPHPHQWH\HOLPLQHFXDOTXLHUH[FHVRGH
SROYRGHOERUGHGHO¿OWUR
Utilice café molido de buena calidad, de molido mediano y especial para Moka.
6LVHLQWURGXFHXQDFDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHFDIpPROLGRHQHOÀOWURHPEXGR*SXHGHVHU
GLItFLODSUHWDUELHQODFDOGHUD(DODMDUUD.'XUDQWHODHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSXHGHTXHKD\D
pérdidas de la caldera. El café podría no salir correctamente.
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
$SULHWHELHQODFDOGHUDDODMDUUDDXQTXHVLQH[DJHUDU1RKDJDSUHVLyQVREUHHOPDQJR
&XDQGRHODSDUDWRHVWiHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRODWDSDGHEHSHUPDQHFHUFHUUDGD
 &RORTXHODPRNDHOpFWULFDHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ'&LHUUHODWDSD
 (QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp$(ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUi
HQURMR
$OFDERGHXQRVPLQXWRVHOFDIpHPSLH]DDVDOLU(VSHUHKDVWDTXHHOFDIpKD\DWHUPLQDGRGH
VDOLU/DOX]GHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDIp$HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU8WLOLFHXQDFXFKDULWDSDUD
PH]FODUHOFDIp\XQLIRUPDUODWH[WXUD\ODWHPSHUDWXUD
9LHUWDHOFDIpHQODVWD]DV
Espere hasta que la moka eléctrica se haya enfriado antes de desenroscar la caldera para
hacer otro café. Como alternativa utilice guantes o paños para evitar el riesgo de quema-
duras.
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RGHMHODPRNDHOpFWULFDDXQDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHLQIHULRUD&SRUTXHHOUHVLGXRGH
DJXDHQODFDOGHUDSRGUtDKHODUVH\SURYRFDUGDxRV
Café para dos tazas
 /OHQHPLWDGGHODFDOGHUD(FRQDJXD)LJSHUPDQHFLHQGRSRUGHEDMRGHODYiOYXODGH
VHJXULGDG)
 &RORTXHHO¿OWURHPEXGR*SDUDFXDWURWD]DVDOLQWHULRUGHODFDOGHUD
 3DUDSUHSDUDUGRVWD]DVGHFDIpLQWURGX]FDHOGLVFRDGDSWDGRU+GHQWURGHO¿OWURHPEXGRGH
FXDWURWD]DV)LJ
 3URFHGDFRPRVHGHVFULEHHQHOSiUUDIR&yPRKDFHUHOFDIp
8QDIDOWDGHHURJDFLyQGHOFDIpSRGUtDGHEHUVHDXQDREVWUXFFLyQGHOÀOWUR,QWHUUXPSDOD
erogación y espere a que el aparato se haya enfriado. Realizar luego la limpieza del mismo
como indicado en el párrafo correspondiente.
Función «Mantener caliente»
6LGHMDODPRNDHOpFWULFDHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQFRPLHQ]DODIDVH©0DQWHQHUFDOLHQWHª(VWD
PDQWHQGUiHOFDIpFDOLHQWH/DIXQFLyQ©0DQWHQHUFDOLHQWHªSHUPDQHFHDFWLYDGXUDQWHPLQXWRV
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CÓMO UTILIZAR EL CAPUCHINADOR/HERVIDOR
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
/DVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOOHQDGR\GHYDFLDGRGHOUHFLSLHQWHVHGHEHQUHDOL]DUFRQHOUHFLSLHQWH
VHSDUDGRGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
2EVHUYHORVQLYHOHVLQGLFDGRV0,10$;DOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLSLHQWH(OVRSRUWHHQHOIRQGR
GHOUHFLSLHQWHGHEHGHHVWDUVLHPSUHFXELHUWRSRUOHFKHRDJXD6LQRKD\XQDFDQWLGDG
VX¿FLHQWHGHDJXDROHFKHHODSDUDWRSXHGHVREUHFDOHQWDUVH6LVHOOHQDHODSDUDWRPiV
DOOiGHORVQLYHOHVLQGLFDGRVVHSXHGHQFDXVDUGHUUDPHVGHOHFKHRDJXDGXUDQWHODIDVH
GHFDOHQWDPLHQWR
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
1RXWLOLFHHODSDUDWRVLQOHFKHRDJXD
/OHQHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVyORFRQOHFKHIUtDRDJXDIUtDGHOJULIR
1RKDJDIXQFLRQDUHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUVHFRVLQOHFKHRDJXD
1ROOHQHQXQFDHOUHFLSLHQWHFRQOHFKHFDOLHQWHRDJXDFDOLHQWH
La primera vez que se pone en marcha el aparato haga hervir el agua. Vacíe y enjuague el
recipiente. Repita la operación dos o tres veces.
Durante el primer calentamiento podría notarse un olor ligero: no hay que preocuparse, es
perfectamente normal ya que algunas partes han sido ligeramente engrasadas, después de
poco tiempo el fenómeno desaparece.
La moka eléctrica y el montaleche/hervidor pueden funcionar simultáneamente
PARA MONTAR LA LECHE
Elegir el elemento
3DUDREWHQHUPXFKDHVSXPDXWLOLFHHOPRQWDGRUFRQHVSLUDO
3DUDREWHQHUSRFDHVSXPDRPRQWDUOLJHUDPHQWHSHTXHxDVFDQWLGDGHVXWLOLFHHO
HOHPHQWRVLQHVSLUDO
3DUDHYLWDUTXHVHSLHUGDQJXDUGHORVLQVHUWRVHQHOUHODWLYRDORMDPLHQWRVLWXDGRHQODSDUWHLQIH-
ULRUGHODEDVH)LJ
Verter la leche
 4XLWHODWDSDGHOFRQWHQHGRU
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 9LHUWDODOHFKHKDVWDHOQLYHOPi[LPRHYLGHQFLDGRSRUODOtQHDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODPDUFD0$;
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
0$;SDUDHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHVLQHVSLUDO
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60
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Montar y calentar la leche
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 (QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
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VHLOXPLQDUiHQURMR
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PLQXWRV
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PLQXWRV
(OSURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWR\IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDVHSDUDOXHJRDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH
/DOX]GHO
ERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
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 9LHUWDODOHFKHHQODWD]D
Después de usar el aparato, limpie inmediatamente el recipiente y el elemento para evitar
que la leche se seque en el interior.
Montar la leche en frío
7DPELpQHVSRVLEOHPRQWDUODOHFKHVLQFDOHQWDUOD3DUDREWHQHUXQDHVSXPDEODQGD\FUHPRVD
XWLOLFHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHOPRQWDGRUGHOHFKHFRQHVSLUDO
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JXQGRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKDVWDTXHHODSDUDWRHPSLHFHDPRQWDUODOHFKH(ODSDUDWRVH
HQFLHQGH(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUiHQD]XO
$OFDERGHPLQXWRVHOSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPDVHSDUDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWH/DOX]
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Interrumpir o terminar anticipadamente el calentamiento y la formación
de espuma de la leche
 3UHVLRQHHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHOFDSXFKLQR%(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVRVHDSDJD
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PARA CALENTAR EL AGUA
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LQVHUWR3R4GHOKHUYLGRU
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No superar el nivel indicado con MAX.
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61
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 &RORTXHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUHQODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
 (QFKXIHODFODYLMDHQODWRPDGHFRUULHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQSXHVWDDWLHUUD
Para hervir el agua
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LOXPLQDUiHQURMR
Para calentar el agua a 80° C
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DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKDVWDTXHHODSDUDWRHPSLHFHDFDOHQWDUHODJXD(ODSDUDWRVHHQFLHQGH
(OERWyQVHLOXPLQDUiHQDPDULOOR
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FDPHQWH/DOX]GHOERWyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHODJXD&HPSLH]DDSDUSDGHDU
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
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YLHQGR
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 /HYDQWHHOFDSXFKLQDGRUKHUYLGRUSRUVXDVD5HWLUHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
 9LHUWDHODJXDHQODVWD]DV
'HVSXpVGHFDGDXVRYDFtHHODJXDTXHTXHGDHQHOUHFLSLHQWH
3DUDYROYHUDKHUYLUDJXDHVSHUHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLUDOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHQFHQGLGRGH
UHVWDEOHFHUVH
La presencia de gotitas de agua debajo del recipiente es totalmente normal: sólo se trata de
agua de condensación.
CÓMO APAGAR EL APARATO
6LQRKDSUHVLRQDGRQLQJ~QERWyQ\WRGDVODVOXFHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHVWiQDSDJDGDVHODSDUDWR
HVWiDSDJDGR'HVFRQHFWDUVLHPSUHHOHQFKXIHGHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODWRPDGHODFRUULHQ-
WH
Protección contra el sobrecalentamiento
6LVHXWLOL]DHODSDUDWRYDFtRVLQOHFKHRVLQDJXDDOFDERGHXQRVVHJXQGRVHOPLVPRVH
DSDJDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHSDUDSURWHJHUVHFRQWUDHOVREUHFDOHQWDPLHQWR3DUDYROYHUDKHUYLUDJXD
HVSHUHXQRVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLUDOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHQFHQGLGRGHUHVWDEOHFHUVH
LIMPIEZA DEL APARATO
Peligro - Riesgo de electrocución
7RGDVODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHOLPSLH]DLQGLFDGDVDFRQWLQXDFLyQVHGHEHQHIHFWXDUFRQHODSD-
UDWRDSDJDGR\FRQODFODYLMDGHVHQFKXIDGDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
Atención - Riesgo de daños materiales
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HODSDUDWRSRUXQSHULRGRPiVODUJROLPLWDQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORVULHVJRVGHIRUPDFLyQ
GHORVGHSyVLWRVGHFDOHQHODSDUDWR
1RODYHQQXQFDORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUDWRHQHOODYDSODWRV1RXWLOLFHFKRUURVGHDJXDGLUHFWD
62
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KXPHGDG/DVSDUWHVHOpFWULFDVVHGHEHQSURWHJHUWDPELpQGHVDOSLFDGXUDVRJRWDVGHDJXD
3DUDODOLPSLH]DQRKD\TXHXWLOL]DUQLQJ~QGHWHUJHQWHTXtPLFRDEUDVLYRQLDJUHVLYR
Advertencia - Riesgo de quemaduras
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FDOLHQWHVGHODSDUDWR
Limpieza de la base de alimentación
/DEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVHGHEHOLPSLDUFRQXQSDxRK~PHGR1RXWLOLFHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVR
XWHQVLOLRVPHWiOLFRV
Limpieza de la moka eléctrica
/DFDOGHUDVHSXHGHOLPSLDUFRQXQSDxRK~PHGR1RXWLOLFHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVRXWHQVLOLRV
PHWiOLFRV
$OTXLWDUODMXQWD,\HO¿OWURGHGLVFR-SDUDODOLPSLH]DRHOUHHPSOD]RDVHJ~UHVHGHYROYHUORVD
PRQWDUFRUUHFWDPHQWHSDUDHYLWDUSUR\HFFLRQHVRVDOSLFDGXUDVGHDJXDFDOLHQWH
$VHJ~UHVHGHTXHORVDJXMHURVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFRQRHVWpQREVWUXLGR\VLHVDVtOtPSLHORVFRQXQ
FHSLOOR)LJ
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DXWRUL]DGRV
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IRUPHXQDFDSDGHFDOHVWRSXHGHDODUJDUPXFKRHOWLHPSRGHSHUFRODFLyQ3DUDHYLWDUHVWHLQ-
FRQYHQLHQWHGHYH]HQFXDQGRVHGHEHHOLPLQDUHVWDFDSDGHFDOHIHFWXDQGRXQDGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQ
8WLOLFHSURGXFWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQORVFRPHUFLRVSRUHMHPSOR
iFLGRFtWULFR
3DUDHIHFWXDUODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQOOHYHDFDERORVSDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
 $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODFDIHWHUDHVWpIUtD\GHVHQUyVTXHOD
 /OHQHODFDOGHUDFRQHOSURGXFWRGHVFDOFL¿FDQWH\HVSHUHPHGLDKRUD
 $VHJ~UHVHGHKDEHUHIHFWXDGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHODOLPSLH]DLQWHUQDGHODFDOGHUD
La operación debe hacerse cuando la caldera está fría y no introducida en su base.
 3DVDGDPHGLDKRUDYDFtHODFDOGHUD\DVHJ~UHVHGHTXHKDHOLPLQDGRODFDOGHOIRQGROXHJR
HQMXDJXHHOLQWHULRUGHODFDOGHUD1RVXPHUMDODFDOGHUDHQDJXD
 +DJDSRUORPHQRVFDIpVSDUDWLUDU
/DJDUDQWtDQRFXEUHDYHUtDVGHELGDVDREVWUXFFLRQHVSRUFDOL]D
Limpieza del capuchinador/hervidor
Después de cada proceso de calentamiento y formación de espuma, limpie inmediatamente
el contenedor, para evitar que la leche se seque en su interior.
 'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
 5HWLUHHOHOHPHQWRDFFHVRULRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
 /DYHODWDSD2\ORVHOHPHQWRV43FRQDJXDFDOLHQWH\XQGHWHUJHQWHSDUDYDMLOOD
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 /DYDUVyORODSDUWHLQWHUQDGHOFRQWHQHGRU5FRQDJXDFDOLHQWH\XQGHWHUJHQWHSDUDYDMLOOD
 6HTXHDWHQWDPHQWHWRGDVODVSDUWHVVREUHWRGR HO FRQWHQHGRUSDUDHYLWDU ODIRUPDFLyQGH
PDQFKDV
'HVFDOFLÀFDFLyQGHOHQYDVH
8QEXHQPDQWHQLPLHQWR\XQDOLPSLH]DDLQWHUYDORVUHJXODUHVSURWHJHQ\PDQWLHQHQH¿FLHQWHHO
DSDUDWRSRUXQSHULRGRPiVODUJROLPLWDQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORVULHVJRVGHIRUPDFLyQGHORV
GHSyVLWRVGHFDOHQHODSDUDWR6LDSHVDUGHHOORGHVSXpVGHDOJ~QWLHPSRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHODSDUDWRHVWXYLHVHFRPSURPHWLGRFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOHPSOHRIUHFXHQWHGHDJXDGXUD\
FRQPXFKDFDOVHSXHGHKDFHUXQWUDWDPLHQWRGHGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGHODSDUDWRSDUDHOLPLQDUHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHIHFWXRVR8WLOLFHSURGXFWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDODGHVFDOFL¿FDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHVHQ
ORVFRPHUFLRVSRUHMHPSORiFLGRFtWULFR
PUESTA FUERA DE SERVICIO
(QFDVRGHSXHVWDIXHUDGHVHUYLFLRGHODSDUDWRKD\TXHGHVFRQHFWDUORGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
&RUWHHOFDEOHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
(QFDVRGHGHVPDQWHODPLHQWRVHGHEHUiQVHSDUDUORVYDULRVPDWHULDOHVXWLOL]DGRVHQODFRQVWUXF-
FLyQGHODSDUDWR\SURYHHUDVXGLVSRVLFLyQVHJ~QVXFRPSRVLFLyQ\FRQIRUPHODVGLVSRVLFLRQHV
OHJDOHVYLJHQWHVHQHO3DtVGHXVR
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CÓMO SOLUCIONAR ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS
¡Atención!
(QFDVRGHDQRPDOtDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRDSDJXHHODSDUDWRLQPHGLDWDPHQWH'HVFRQHFWDU
HOHQFKXIHGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH(VSHUDUTXHHODSDUDWRHVWpIUtR&RPRDOWHUQDWLYDXWLOLFH
JXDQWHVRSDxRVSDUDHYLWDUHOULHVJRGHTXHPDGXUDV
Para la moka eléctrica
3UREOHPDV &DXVDV 5HPHGLRV
(OFDIpQRVDOH )DOWDGHDJXDHQODFDOGHUD 5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQODFDOGHUDOD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHDJXD
(OFDIpVHGHVERUGD
SRUORVERUGHVGHOD
FDOGHUD
3UREDEOHPHQWHVHKDSXHVWR
HQHO¿OWURHPEXGRXQD
FDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHFDIp
PROLGRTXHLPSHGtDDSUHWDU
ELHQODFDOGHUDDODMDUUD
5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQHO¿OWURHPEXGROD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHFDIp
(QODMXQWDVHKDQTXHGDGR
UHVLGXRVGHFDIp
/LPSLHODMXQWDFRQXQSDOLOORRFRQXQDHVSRQMD
(O¿OWURGHGLVFR-WLHQHORV
RUL¿FLRVGHVDOLGDREVWUXLGRV
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH8VH
PDQRSODVRSDxRV'HVHQURVTXHODFDOGHUDGHOD
MDUUD/LPSLHFRQXQFHSLOORSHTXHxRRXQDO¿OHUORV
RUL¿FLRVREVWUXLGRVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFR)LJ
/DMXQWDHVWiTXHPDGDRURWD 5HHPSODFHODMXQWD
/DMDUUDQRVHHQURVFyELHQD
ODFDOGHUD
(QURVFDUODMDUUDDODFDOGHUD¿UPHPHQWH1RKDJD
SUHVLyQVREUHHOPDQJR
/DHURJDFLyQGHOFDIp
QRVHSURGXFHRVH
SURGXFHGHPDVLDGR
OHQWDPHQWH
(O¿OWURGHGLVFR-WLHQHORV
RUL¿FLRVGHVDOLGDREVWUXLGRV
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH8VH
PDQRSODVRSDxRV'HVHQURVTXHODFDOGHUDGHOD
MDUUD/LPSLHFRQXQFHSLOORSHTXHxRRXQDO¿OHUORV
RUL¿FLRVREVWUXLGRVGHO¿OWURGHGLVFR)LJ
0H]FODGHFDIpPROLGR
GHPDVLDGR¿QD
3UREDUDXWLOL]DUPH]FODGHFDIpFRQXQDPROHGXUD
PiVJUXHVD
0H]FODGHFDIpGHPDVLDGR
SUHQVDGD
3RQJDPHQRVFDIpHQHO¿OWURHPEXGR
(QODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOD
FDOGHUDVHKDIRUPDGRFDO
(OLPLQHODFDOFRPRVHLQGLFDHQHOSiUUDIR
©/LPSLH]DGHODSDUDWRª
(OFDIpFRQWLHQH
PXFKDDJXD\HVWi
IUtR
(OFDIpKDVLGRPROLGR
GHPDVLDGRJUXHVR
3DUDREWHQHUXQFDIpPiVFRQFHQWUDGR\PiV
FDOLHQWHVHGHEHXVDUXQDPH]FODGHFDIpPROLGR
PiV¿QR
6HKDLQWURGXFLGRXQD
FDQWLGDGH[FHVLYDGHDJXD
5HSLWDODRSHUDFLyQSRQLHQGRHQODFDOGHUDOD
FDQWLGDGFRUUHFWDGHDJXD+DVWDODYiOYXODGH
VHJXULGDGVLVHXWLOL]DHO¿OWURHPEXGRGHFXDWUR
WD]DVGHFDIp'HEDMRGHODYiOYXODGHVHJXULGDGVL
VHXWLOL]DHOGLVFRDGDSWDGRUSDUDGRVWD]DVGHFDIp
)LJ
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Para el capuchinador/hervidor
3UREOHPDV &DXVDV 5HPHGLRV
(OSURFHVRGH
FDOHQWDPLHQWR\
IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPD
VHSDUDDQWHVGHOR
TXHGHEHUtD
6HKDLQLFLDGRXQVHJXQGR
SURFHVRGHFDOHQWDPLHQWR
\IRUPDFLyQGHHVSXPD
FXDQGRHODSDUDWRD~Q
HVWDEDFDOLHQWH
(VSHUDUTXHHODSDUDWRHVWpIUtR
(OWHVWLJROXPLQRVR
VHLOXPLQDHQD]XO
(ODSDUDWRHVWi
VREUHFDUJDGR
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
9LHUWDXQSRFRGHOHFKHGHOUHFLSLHQWH\YXHOYDD
SRQHUHQPDUFKDHODSDUDWR/DPDUFD0$;QR
GHEHVHUVXSHUDGD
La leche se ha
FDOHQWDGRSHURQR
VHKDSURGXFLGR
HVSXPD
(OHOHPHQWRQRHVWiDORMDGR
correctamente en el soporte
GHOIRQGRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
9LHUWDODOHFKHGHOUHFLSLHQWH,QWURGX]FD
FRUUHFWDPHQWHHOHOHPHQWR
La leche se ha
FDOHQWDGRSHURQR
VHKDSURGXFLGR
VX¿FLHQWHHVSXPD
1RVHKDXWLOL]DGRHO
HOHPHQWRDSURSLDGR
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
9LHUWDODOHFKHGHOUHFLSLHQWH(OLMDHOHOHPHQWR
DSURSLDGR
+D\VXFLHGDGHQHOHOHPHQWR
RHQHOIRQGRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
/LPSLHHOUHFLSLHQWH\HOHOHPHQWR
El aparato es
LQXVXDOPHQWH
UXLGRVR
&DQWLGDGGHOHFKH
LQVX¿FLHQWHHQHOUHFLSLHQWH
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
5HWLUHHOUHFLSLHQWHGHODEDVHGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
9LHUWDXQSRFRGHOHFKHHQHOUHFLSLHQWH\YXHOYD
DSRQHUHQPDUFKDHODSDUDWR/DPDUFD0$;QR
GHEHVHUVXSHUDGD
(OHOHPHQWRQRHVWiDORMDGR
correctamente en el soporte
GHOIRQGRGHOUHFLSLHQWH
'HVFRQHFWHODFODYLMDGHODWRPDGHFRUULHQWH
9LHUWDODOHFKHGHOUHFLSLHQWH,QWURGX]FD
FRUUHFWDPHQWHHOHOHPHQWR,QWURGX]FD
FRUUHFWDPHQWHHOHOHPHQWR
/DWDSDQRHVWiELHQ¿MDGDDO
recipiente
)LMHELHQODWDSDVREUHHOFRQWHQHGRU
66
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A PROPÓSITO DESTE MANUAL
0HVPRVHRVDSDUHOKRVIRUDPUHDOL]DGRVHPFRQIRUPLGDGHFRPDV1RUPDVHVSHFt¿FDVHXURSHLDV
YLJHQWHVHVmRSRUWDQWRSURWHJLGRVHPWRGDVDVVXDVSDUWHVSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHULJRVDVGHYHVH
OHUDWHQWDPHQWHHVWHVDYLVRVHXVDURDSDUHOKRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRDRTXDOIRLGHVWLQDGRSDUD
HYLWDUDFLGHQWHVHGDQRV'HL[DUHVWHPDQXDOVHPSUHDFHVVtYHOSDUDIXWXUDVFRQVXOWDV6HPSUH
TXHGHVHMDUFHGHUHVWHDSDUHOKRDRXWUDVSHVVRDVOHPEUHVHGHLQFOXLUWDPEpPHVWDVLQVWUXo}HV
$VLQIRUPDo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDVQHVWH PDQXDO HVWmRPDUFDGDV FRPRV VHJXLQWHV VtPERORV TXH
LQGLFDP
3HULJRSDUDDVFULDQoDV
PERIGO$YLVDTXDQGRKiSHULJRGHJUDYHV
OHV}HVRXSHULJRVPRUWDLV
3HULJRGHYLGRjHOHFWULFLGDGH
3HULJRGHGDQRVGHYLGRVDRXWUDVFDXVDV
AVISO$YLVDTXDQGRKi SHULJRGHJUDYHV
OHV}HVHJUDYHVGDQRVPDWHULDLV
$YLVRUHODWLYRDTXHLPDGXUDV
$WHQomRGDQRVPDWHULDLV
ATENÇÃO $YLVD TXDQGR Ki SHULJR GH
OHV}HVOHYHVRXGDQRVPDWHULDLV
USO PREVISTO
 3RGHVHXVDURDSDUHOKRSDUDSUHSDUDURFDIpHSDUDHVTXHQWDUHHPXOVLRQDUR
OHLWH1mRDTXHFHUQHQKXPRXWURWLSRGHOtTXLGRRXDOLPHQWRVVyOLGRV
 2DSDUHOKRpGHVWLQDGRVRPHQWHSDUDRXVRGRPpVWLFRHQmRGHYHVHUGHVLJQD-
GRSDUDXWLOL]DomRFRPHUFLDORXLQGXVWULDO
 (VWHDSDUHOKRGHVWLQDVHjVDSOLFDo}HVGRPpVWLFDVHVHPHOKDQWHVFRPR
 QDViUHDVRQGHVHSRGHFR]LQKDUHPORMDVHVFULWyULRVHRXWURVDPELHQWHVSUR-
¿VVLRQDLV
 HPTXLQWDV
 XWLOL]DomRSRUSDUWHGHFOLHQWHVGHKRWpLVPRWpLVHRXWURVDPELHQWHVGHQDWXUH]D
UHVLGHQFLDO
 HPDPELHQWHVWLSREHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
 4XDOTXHURXWURXVRGRDSDUHOKRQmRpSUHYLVWRSHOR)DEULFDQWHRTXDOQmRDV-
VXPLUiQHQKXPDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUGDQRVGHQHQKXPWLSRFDXVDGRVSRUXVR
LPSUySULRGRDSDUHOKR2XVRLPSUySULRGHWHUPLQDWDPEpPDSHUGDGRHIHLWRGH
TXDOTXHUIRUPDGHJDUDQWLD
RISCOS RESÍDUOS
$VFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHIDEULFDomRGHVWHDSDUHOKRREMHWRGRSUHVHQWHPDQXDOQmRSHUPLWHPSURWH-
JHURXWLOL]DGRUGDVVXSHUItFLHVTXHQWHVGRDSDUHOKR
Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
3HULJRGHFRQWDWWRFRPDVVXSHUItFLHVTXHQWHV6HJXUDUDPRNDHOpWULFDHRHPXOVLRQDGRU
GHOHLWHIHUYHGRUSHODDOoD
3HULJRGHTXHLPDGXUDVFDXVDGDVSRUERUULIRVGHiJXDTXHQWHHYDSRUTXHSRGHPVDLUSHORV
IXURVGDPRNDHOpWULFD1mRDEULUDWDPSDTXDQGRDSURGXomRHVWLYHUHPFXUVR
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3HULJRGHVDOSLFRVGHOHLWHHPHEXOLomR1mRDEULUDWDPSDGRHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHHQTXDQ-
WRROHLWHHVWLYHUIHUYHQGR
Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
8WLOL]DUDPRNDHOpWULFDHRHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUVRPHQWHFRPDEDVHGHDOLPHQ-
WDomRGDHVWDomR1mRXVDUDPRNDHOpWULFDHRHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUQRVIRJ}HV
DFHVRV
ADVERTÊNCIAS IMPORTANTES
LER CUIDADOSAMENTE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
 5HFRPHQGDVHJXDUGDUDHPEDODJHPRULJLQDOYLVWRTXHQmRpHIHFWXDGDDDV-
VLVWrQFLDJUDWXLWDSRUGDQRVGHYLGRVjHPEDODJHPQmRDGHTXDGDGRSURGXWRQR
PRPHQWRGRHQYLRGRPHVPRDXP&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGR
 2DSDUHOKRHVWiFRQIRUPHFRPRUHJXODPHQWR(&1RGH
VREUHPDWHULDLVHPFRQWDFWRFRPDOLPHQWRV
Perigo para as crianças
 2DSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXVDGRSRUFULDQoDVFRPLGDGHVXSHULRUDDQRVVRPHQWH
VHRULHQWDGDV SRU XPD SHVVRDUHVSRQViYHO SRU HODV RXVH WLYHUHPUHFHELGR
LQVWUXo}HVUHODWLYDVDRXVRGRDSDUHOKRHPWRWDOVHJXUDQoDHWLYHUHPFRPSUHHQ-
GLGRRVSHULJRVSUHVHQWHVGXUDQWHRXVR
 $VRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DHGHPDQXWHQomRSRUSDUWHGRXWLOL]DGRUQmRGHYHPVHU
HIHWXDGDVSRUFULDQoDVH[FHWRVHHVWDVIRUHPPDLRUHVGHDQRVHDWXDUHPVRE
RULHQWDomRGHXPDGXOWReQHFHVViULRFHUWL¿FDUVHTXHDVFULDQoDVQmREULQTXHP
FRPRDSDUHOKR
 0DQWHUVHPSUHRDSDUHOKRHRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRIRUDGRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDV
GHLGDGHLQIHULRUDDQRV
 1mRGHL[DURVHOHPHQWRVGDHPEDODJHPDRDOFDQFHGHFULDQoDVSRLVFRQVWLWXHP
SRWHQFLDLVIRQWHVGHSHULJR
 1RPRPHQWRHPTXHGHFLGLUQmRXWLOL]DUPDLVRDSDUHOKRUHFRPHQGDPRVFRUWDU
RFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRSDUDTXHQmRSRVVDPDLVIXQFLRQDU5HFRPHQGDPRV
ID]HUFRPTXHVXDVSDUWHVVXVFHSWtYHLVDFRQVWLWXLUSHULJRSULQFLSDOPHQWHSDUD
FULDQoDVTXHSRGHULDPXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRSDUDEULQFDUWRUQHPVHLQyFXDV
Perigo devido à electricidade
 2DSDUHOKRSRGHVHUXVDGRSRUSHVVRDVTXHSRVVXHPFDSDFLGDGHVItVLFDVVHQ-
VRULDLVRXPHQWDLVUHGX]LGDVRXVHPH[SHULrQFLDRXFRQKHFLPHQWRVRPHQWHVH
RULHQWDGDVSRUXPDSHVVRDUHVSRQViYHOSHODPHVPDRXVHWLYHUHPUHFHELGRH
FRPSUHHQGLGRDVLQVWUXo}HVUHODWLYDVDRXVRGRDSDUHOKRHPWRWDOVHJXUDQoDH
WLYHUHPFRPSUHHQGLGRRVSHULJRVSUHVHQWHVGXUDQWHRXVR
 $QWHVGHOLJDURDSDUHOKRjUHGHGHDOLPHQWDomRFHUWL¿TXHVHTXHDWHQVmR
LQGLFDGDQDSODFDTXHVHHQFRQWUDHPEDL[RGRDSDUHOKRFRUUHVSRQGDjPHVPD
WHQVmRGDUHGHORFDO
68
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 8VRGHH[WHQV}HVHOpFWULFDVQmRDXWRUL]DGDVSHORIDEULFDQWHGRDSDUHOKRSRGH
SURYRFDUGDQRVHDFLGHQWHV
 2DSDUHOKRQmRGHYHVHUDOLPHQWDGRDWUDYpVGHWLPHUVH[WHUQRVRXFRPVLVWH-
PDVVHSDUDGRVFRPDQGDGRVjGLVWkQFLD
 6HRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRVHHVWUDJDUGHYHUiVHUVXEVWLWXtGRSHORVHUYLoRGH
$VVLVWrQFLD7pFQLFD$XWRUL]DGRRXSRUSHVVRDFRPTXDOL¿FDomRVLPLODUGHPRGR
DSUHYHQLUTXDOTXHUULVFR
 1XQFDFRORFDUDVSDUWHVVREWHQVmRHPFRQWDFWRFRPDiJXDLVWRSRGHSURYR-
FDUXPFXUWRFLUFXLWR
 $QWHVGHHIHFWXDUTXDOTXHULQWHUYHQomRGHOLPSH]DRXPDQXWHQomRGDPiTXLQD
GHVOLJXHVHPSUHD¿FKDGDWRPDGD
 1mRLPHUJLURDSDUHOKRHPiJXDRXRXWURVOtTXLGRV
Perigo de danos devidos a outras causas
 (VFROKHUXPDPELHQWHEHPLOXPLQDGROLPSRHFRPDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWHIDFLO-
PHQWHDFHVVtYH
 2DSDUHOKRQmRGHYHUiVHUXVDGRVHWLYHUFDtGRVHSRVVXLUVLQDLVGHGDQRV
YLVtYHLVHPFDVRGHDYDULDRXVHKRXYHUVXVSHLWDGHDOJXPGHIHLWRDSyVXPD
TXHGDRXHPFDVRGHSHUGDGHiJXD1XQFDOLJDURDSDUHOKRFRPGHIHLWR
 7RGRVRVUHSDURVLQFOXVLYHDVXEVWLWXLomRGRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRGHYHPVHU
H[HFXWDGRVDSHQDVSHOR&HQWURGH$VVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGRRXSRUSHVVRDFRP
TXDOL¿FDomRVLPLODUGHPRGRDSUHYHQLUTXDOTXHUULVFR'RFRQWUiULRDJDUDQWLD
SHUGHUiVXDYDOLGDGH'HFOLQDPRVTXDOTXHUUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHSRUSRVVtYHLVGD-
QRVSURYRFDGRVQDVRSHUDo}HVGHUHSDUDomRHIHFWXDGDVGHPRGRLQFRUUHFWR
Aviso relativo a queimaduras
 1mRWRFDUDVSDUWHVPHWiOLFDVGRDSDUHOKRTXDQGRHVWHHVWLYHUHPIXQFLRQD-
PHQWRHQRVPLQXWRVDSyVRVHXGHVOLJDPHQWR1mRWRFDUDVVXSHUItFLHVTXHQ-
WHV8VHSHJDVHSDQRVGHFR]LQKD
 ([WUDLUDPRNDHOpWULFDHRHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUGDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomR
VRPHQWHTXDQGRRSURFHGLPHQWRGHDTXHFLPHQWRHVWLYHUWHUPLQDGRHDSDUHOKR
HVWLYHUGHVOLJDGR
 /HYDQWDUDPRNDHOpWULFDHRHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUDWUDYpVGHVXDDOoD
 $QWHVGDOLPSH]DGHYHVHGHL[DUHVIULDURDSDUHOKR
Atenção - danos materiais
 &RORFDURDSDUHOKRVREUHXPSODQRHVWiYHORQGHQmRSRVVDVHUWRPEDGR
 1mRSRVLFLRQDURDSDUHOKRVREUHVXSHUItFLHVPXLWRTXHQWHVRXQDVSUR[LPLGDGHV
GHFKDPDVOLYUHVSDUDHYLWDUTXHDFDUURoDULDSRVVDVRIUHUGDQRV
 8WLOL]HH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomRIRUQHFLGDFRPDPiTXLQDPDQWH-
QKDDEDVHOLPSDHVHFD
 2FDERQmRGHYHWRFDUDVSDUWHVTXHQWHVGRDSDUHOKR
69
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 1mRXWLOL]DUiJXDFRPJiVFRPDGLomRGHGLy[LGRGHFDUERQR
 1mRXWLOL]DURDSDUHOKRDFpXDEHUWR
 1mRGHL[DURDSDUHOKRH[SRVWRDDJHQWHVDWPRVIpULFRVFKXYDVROHWF
3DUD D FRUUHWD HOLPLQDomR GR SURGXWR QRV WHUPRV GD 'LUHWLYD (XURSHLD
(8OHLDRIROKHWRHPDQH[R
CONSERVAR ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES.
DESCRIÇÃO DO APARELHO
2DSDUHOKRpFRPSRVWRSRUXPDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomRXPDPRNDHOpWULFDHXPHPXOVLRQDGRUGH
OHLWHIHUYHGRU
$%RWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGRFDIp
%%RWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGRFDSSXFFLQR
&%RWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGDiJXD
'%DVHGHDOLPHQWDomR
Componentes da moka elétrica
(&DOGHLUD
)9iOYXODGHVHJXUDQoD
*)LOWURIXQLOSDUDTXDWURFKiYHQDV
+'LVFRDGDSWDGRUSDUDGXDVFKiYHQDV
, 3URWHomRGHERUUDFKD
- )LOWURGLVFR
K - Jarro
/ )XURVGHVDtGD
07DPSD
13HJD
Componentes do emulsionador de leite/fervedor
27DPSD
3$FHVVyULRVHPHVSLUDO
4$FHVVyULRFRPHVSLUDO
R - Recipiente
S - Pega
7,QGLFDGRUGHQtYHO
0$;SDUDRDFHVVyULRVHPPROD
0$;SDUDRDFHVVyULRSDUDHVSXPDFRPPROD
U - 6XSRUWHSDUDRDFHVVyULR
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'DGRVGHLGHQWLÀFDomR
1DSODFDFRORFDGDVREDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomRHQFRQWUDPVHRVVHJXLQWHVGDGRVGHLGHQWL¿FDomR
GRDSDUHOKR
 IDEULFDQWHHPDUFDomR&(
 PRGHOR0RG
 QGHPDWUtFXOD61
 WHQVmRHOpFWULFDGHDOLPHQWDomR9HIUHTXrQFLD+]
 SRWrQFLDHOpFWULFDDEVRUYLGD:
 Q~PHURYHUGHGHDVVLVWrQFLD
3DUDTXDOTXHUVROLFLWDomRDFHQWURVGHDVVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGRVLQGLFDURPRGHORHRQ~PHURGH
PDWUtFXOD
FASES PRELIMINARES PARA A SUA UTILIZAÇÃO
Accionamento
&HUWLÀFDUVHTXHDWHQVmRGDUHGHGRPpVWLFD VHMDLJXDOjLQGLFDGDQDFKDSD GRVGDGRV
técnicos do aparelho.
 5HPRYHURPDWHULDOGHHPEDODJHPHFHUWL¿FDUVHTXHWRGRVRVFRPSRQHQWHVHVWHMDPSUHVHQ-
WHV
 /DYDURVFRPSRQHQWHVFRPRGHVFULWRQRSDUiJUDIR©/LPSH]DGRDSDUHOKRª
 3RVLFLRQHRDSDUHOKRGHPRGRTXHDVFULDQoDVQmRFRQVLJDPWRFDUDVSDUWHVTXHQWHV3R-
VLFLRQDUDEDVHGH DOLPHQWDomRVREUHXPDVXSHUItFLH SODQDORQJH GHWRUQHLUDVGHiJXD H
ODYDORXoDV
COMO PREPARAR O CAFÉ
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
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Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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damos eliminar a quantidade de um café, no mínimo. Lavar e enxugar a jarra e todos os
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Utilizar pó de café de boa qualidade, de moagem média e confeccionado para café moka.
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Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
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Aguardar que a moka elétrica esfrie antes de desparafusar a caldeira para fazer um novo
café. Como alternativa, utilizar luvas ou panos para evitar o perigo de queimaduras.
Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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Café para duas chávenas
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Função manter quente
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COMO USAR O EMULSIONADOR DE LEITE/FERVEDOR
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
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Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
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Possibilidade de acionamento simultâneo de moka elétrica e emulsionador de leite/fervedor
PARA EMULSIONAR O LEITE
Escolher o acessório
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Deitar o leite
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Monte a espuma e aqueça o leite
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Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
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Após o uso do aparelho, limpar imediatamente o recipiente e o acessório para evitar que o
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Inicie a emulsionar o leite frio
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PARA AQUECER A ÁGUA
2VGRLVDFHVVyULRVSDUDHPXOVLRQDUROHLWHQmRGHYHPVHUXVDGRVTXDQGRDiJXDpDTXHFLGD
5HPRYDRDFHVVyULR3RX4GRIHUYHGRU
 (QFKHURUHFLSLHQWHFRPiJXDQDWXUDOIUHVFDDWpRQtYHOGHVHMDGR
Nunca supere o nível indicado com MAX.
 &RORTXHDWDPSDEHP¿[DGDVREUHRUHFLSLHQWH
 3RVLFLRQDURHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUQDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomR
 /LJXHD¿FKDjWRPDGDGDFRUUHQWHHOpFWULFDTXHGHYHVHUSURYLGDGHOLJDomRjWHUUD
Para ferver a água
 3UHVVLRQDURERWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGDiJXD&XPDYH]2DSDUHOKRHVWiOLJDGR$OX]SLORWRGR
ERWmRVHDFHQGHUiFRPDFRUYHUPHOKD
Para aquecer a água a 80°C
 3UHVVLRQDURERWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGDiJXD&HPDQWHORSUHVVLRQDGRSRUVHJXQGRVDSUR-
[LPDGDPHQWHDWpTXDQGRRDSDUHOKRLQLFLDUDDTXHFHUDiJXD2DSDUHOKRHVWiOLJDGR$OX]
SLORWRGRERWmRVHDFHQGHUiFRPDFRUDPDUHOD
4XDQGRDiJXDDWLQJLUDWHPSHUDWXUDDIXQomRGHDTXHFLPHQWRLQWHUURPSHVHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
$OX]SLORWRGRERWmRGHSUHSDUDomRGDiJXD&LQLFLDUiDSLVFDU
Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
1mRDEUDDWDPSDHQTXDQWRDiJXDHVWLYHUHPHEXOLomR3HULJRGHVDOSLFRVGHiJXDHP
HEXOLomR
&HUWL¿FDUVHTXHRDSDUHOKRHVWHMDGHVOLJDGRDQWHVGHUHWLUiORGDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomR
 /HYDQWDURHPXOVLRQDGRUGHOHLWHIHUYHGRUDWUDYpVGHVXDDOoD'HVOLJDURUHFLSLHQWHGDEDVH
GHDOLPHQWDomR
 'HLWHDiJXDQDVFKiYHQDV
$SyVFDGDXVRGHYHVHHVYD]LDUDiJXDTXH¿FRXQRUHFLSLHQWH
3DUDIHUYHUQRYDPHQWHDiJXDDJXDUGHDOJXQVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLURUHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGR
GLVSRVLWLYRGHDFFLRQDPHQWR
A presença de pequenas gotas de água na parte inferior do recipiente é totalmente normal:
WUDWDVHGHVLPSOHVFRQGHQVDomR
COMO DESLIGAR O APARELHO
6HQmRIRLSUHVVLRQDGDQHQKXPDWHFODHWRGDVDVOX]HVGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRHVWLYHUHPDSDJDGDVR
DSDUHOKRHVWiGHVOLJDGR'HVOLJDUVHPSUHD¿FKDGRFDERGHDOLPHQWDomRGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
Proteção contra o sobreaquecimento
6HRDSDUHOKRIRLOLJDGRYD]LRVHPOHLWHRXiJXDDSyVFHUFDVHJXQGRVRFRUUHUiRGHVOL-
JDPHQWRDXWRPiWLFRFRPRSURWHomRFRQWUDRVREUHDTXHFLPHQWR3DUDIHUYHUQRYDPHQWHDiJXD
DJXDUGHDOJXQVVHJXQGRVSDUDSHUPLWLURUHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGRGLVSRVLWLYRGHDFFLRQDPHQWR
LIMPEZA DO APARELHO
Perigo - Risco de choque elétrico
7RGDVDVRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DLQGLFDGDVDEDL[RGHYHPVHUHIHFWXDGDVFRPRDSDUHOKR
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GHVOLJDGRHFRPD¿FKDHOpFWULFDGHVOLJDGDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
Atenção - Risco de danos materiais
8PDERDPDQXWHQomRHDOLPSH]DUHJXODUSUHVHUYDPHPDQWrPRDSDUHOKRH¿FLHQWHSRU
PDLVWHPSR OLPLWDQGR QRWDYHOPHQWHRV ULVFRV GHIRUPDomR GH GHSyVLWRV GHFDOFiULR QR
DSDUHOKR
1XQFDODYDURVFRPSRQHQWHVGRDSDUHOKRQDPiTXLQDGHODYDUORXoD1mRXWLOL]DUMDFWRVGHiJXD
GLUHFWD
1mRFRORFDUDFDOGHLUDGDPRNDHOpWULFDRUHFLSLHQWHGRHPXOVLRQDGRURXDEDVHGHDOLPHQ-
WDomRHPFRQWDWRFRPDiJXD2VFRPSRQHQWHVQmRGHYHPVHUH[SRVWRVjKXPLGDGH$V
SDUWHVHOpWULFDVGHYHPVHUSURWHJLGDVPHVPRFRQWUDSRVVtYHLVVDOSLFRVRXJRWDVGHiJXD
3DUDDOLPSH]DQmRXWLOL]DUQHQKXPGHWHUJHQWHTXtPLFRDEUDVLYRRXDJUHVVLYR
Aviso - Risco de queimaduras
7RGDVDVRSHUDo}HVGHOLPSH]DLQGLFDGDVDEDL[RGHYHPVHUHIHWXDGDVTXDQGRWRGDVDV
SDUWHVTXHQWHVGRDSDUHOKRHVWLYHUHPIULDV
Limpeza da base de alimentação
$OLPSH]DGDEDVHGHDOLPHQWDomRGHYHVHUIHLWDFRPXPSDQRK~PLGR1mRXVHGHWHUJHQWHV
DEUDVLYRVRXXWHQVtOLRVPHWiOLFRV
Limpeza da moka elétrica
$OLPSH]DGDFDOGHLUDSRGHVHUIHLWDFRPXPSDQRK~PLGR1mRXVHGHWHUJHQWHVDEUDVLYRVRX
XWHQVtOLRVPHWiOLFRV
4XDQGRDSURWHomRGHSOiVWLFR,HR¿OWURGLVFR-IRUHPUHWLUDGRVSDUDDOLPSH]DRXSDUDDWURFD
SUHVWHDWHQomRHPUHFRORFiORVFRUUHWDPHQWHD¿PGHHYLWDUVDOSLFRVGHiJXDTXHQWH
&HUWL¿FDUVHTXHRVIXURVGR¿OWURGLVFRQmRVHREVWUXDPHVHLVWRRFRUUHUOLPSDUFRPXPDSHTXH-
QDHVFRYD)LJ
4XDQGRSURWHomRGHERUUDFKDHR¿OWURGLVFRDSUHVHQWDUHPVLQDLVGHGHVJDVWHRXGHWHULRUDomR
GHYHUmRVHUVXEVWLWXtGRV8WLOL]DUSHoDVGHUHSRVLomRRULJLQDLVTXHSRGHPVHUDGTXLULGDVQRVFHQ-
WURVGHDVVLVWrQFLDDXWRUL]DGRV
Remoção do calcário da caldeira
3RGHRFRUUHUTXHDSyVXPJUDQGHQ~PHURGHFDIpVRIXQGRGDFDOGHLUD¿TXHFREHUWRFRPXPD
FDPDGDGHFDOFiULRLVWRSRGHWRUQDURWHPSRGHSHUFRODomRPDLVORQJR3DUDHYLWDUHVWHLQFRQ-
YHQLHQWHGHYH]HPTXDQGRGHYHVHHOLPLQDUHVWDFDPDGDGHFDOFiULRHIHWXDQGRXPDGHVFDOFL-
¿FDomR8WLOL]DUSURGXWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDDGHVFDOFL¿FDomRTXHVHHQFRQWUDPHPFRPpUFLRSRU
H[HPSORiFLGRFtWULFR
3DUDDGHVFDOFL¿FDomRSURFHGDGRVHJXLQWHPRGR
 &HUWL¿FDUVHTXHDFDIHWHLUDHVWHMDIULDHDEUDDPHVPDGHVSDUDIXVDQGRD
 (QFKHUDFDOGHLUDFRPRSURGXWRGHVFDOFL¿FDGRUHDJXDUGDUPHLDKRUD
 &HUWL¿FDUVHGHWHUHIHWXDGRDOLPSH]DWRWDOGDSDUWHLQWHUQDGDFDOGHLUD
$RSHUDomRGHYHVHUIHLWDFRPDFDOGHLUDIULDHQmRLQVHULGDQDEDVH
 $SyVPHLDKRUDHVYD]LDUDFDOGHLUDHFHUWL¿FDUVHGHWHUUHWLUDGRRFDOFiULRGRIXQGR(PVH-
JXLGDHQ[DJXDUDSDUWHLQWHUQDGDFDOGHLUD1mRPHUJXOKDUDFDOGHLUDQDiJXD
 3UHSDUDUSHORPHQRVFDIpVDVHUHPHOLPLQDGRV
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$JDUDQWLDQmRFREUHGDQRVGHULYDGRVGHREVWUXo}HVFDXVDGDVSHORFDOFiULR
Limpeza do emulsionador de leite/fervedor
$SyVFDGDSURFHVVRGHDTXHFLPHQWRHSURGXomRGHHVSXPDGHYHVHOLPSDULPHGLDWDPHQWH
RUHFLSLHQWHDÀPGHHYLWDUTXHROHLWHVHTXHGHQWURGRPHVPR
 'HVOLJDUD¿FKDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH
 5HPRYHURDFHVVyULRGRUHFLSLHQWH
 /DYDUDWDPSD2HRVDFHVVyULRV43FRPiJXDTXHQWHHXPGHWHUJHQWHSDUDORXoD
 /DYDUVRPHQWHDSDUWHLQWHUQDGRUHFLSLHQWH5FRPiJXDTXHQWHHXPGHWHUJHQWHSDUDPi-
TXLQDGHODYDUORXoDV
 6HTXHFRPFXLGDGRWRGDVDVSDUWHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHRUHFLSLHQWHD¿PGHHYLWDUIRUPDomRGH
PDQFKDV
Remoção do calcário do recipiente
8PDERDPDQXWHQomRHDOLPSH]DUHJXODUSUHVHUYDPHPDQWrPRDSDUHOKRH¿FLHQWHSRUPDLV
WHPSROLPLWDQGRQRWDYHOPHQWHRVULVFRVGHIRUPDomRGHGHSyVLWRVGHFDOFiULRQRDSDUHOKR6H
PHVPRDVVLPDSyV DOJXPWHPSRD IXQomRGR DSDUHOKRHVWLYHUFRPSURPHWLGDGHYLGRDRXVR
IUHTXHQWHGHiJXDGXUDHPXLWRFDOFiULDSRGHVHHIHFWXDUDGHVFDOFL¿FDomRGDPiTXLQDSDUD
HOLPLQDURSUREOHPDGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR8WLOL]DUSURGXWRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDDGHVFDOFL¿FDomRTXHVH
HQFRQWUDPHPFRPpUFLRSRUH[HPSORiFLGRFtWULFR
PÔR O APARELHO FORA DE SERVIÇO
&DVRRDSDUHOKRQmRIRUPDLVXWLOL]DGRGHYHVHGHVOLJiORHOHFWULFDPHQWH&RUWDURFDERGHDOL-
PHQWDomR
(PFDVRGHHOLPLQDomRGHYHVHHIHFWXDUDVHSDUDomRGRVYiULRVPDWHULDLVXWLOL]DGRVSDUDDID-
EULFDomRGRDSDUHOKRHUHDOL]DUXPDHOLPLQDomRGHDFRUGRFRPDFRPSRVLomRGHVWHVHFRPDV
GLVSRVLo}HVGDOHLYLJHQWHQR3DtVGHXWLOL]DomR
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COMO REMEDIAR OS SEGUINTES INCONVENIENTES
Atenção!
(PFDVRGHDQRPDOLDVGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGHVOLJDULPHGLDWDPHQWHRDSDUHOKR5HWLUDUD¿FKD
GDWRPDGDGH FRUUHQWHHOpFWULFD$JXDUGDUTXHR DSDUHOKRHVWHMDIULR &RPRDOWHUQDWLYD
XWLOL]DUOXYDVRXSDQRVSDUDHYLWDURSHULJRGHTXHLPDGXUDV
Para a moka elétrica
3UREOHPDV &DXVDV 6ROXo}HV
1mRKiVDtGDGHFDIp )DOWDiJXDQDFDOGHLUD 5HSHWLUDRSHUDomRLQWURGX]LQGRQDFDOGHLUDD
TXDQWLGDGHFRUUHWDGHiJXD
6DtGDGHFDIpSHODV
ERUGDVGDFDOGHLUD
3URYDYHOPHQWHIRLFRORFDGD
XPDTXDQWLWDGHH[FHVVLYD
GHSyGHFDIpQR¿OWURIXQLO
RTXHLPSHGLXTXHDFDOGHLUD
HVWLYHVVHEHPDSHUWDGDj
MDUUD
5HSHWLUDRSHUDomRFRORFDQGRQR¿OWURIXQLOD
TXDQWLGDGHFRUUHWDGHFDIp
+iUHVtGXRVGHFDIpPRtGR
QDSURWHomRGHERUUDFKD
/LPSDUDSURWHomRGHERUUDFKDFRPXPSDOLWRGH
GHQWHRXFRPXPDSHTXHQDHVSRQMD
2¿OWURGLVFR-HVWiFRPRV
IXURVGHVDtGDREVWUXtGRV
'HVOLJDUD¿FKDGDWRPDGDGHFRUUHQWH8WLOL]DU
OXYDVRXSDQRV'HVSDUDIXVDUDFDOGHLUDGDMDUUD
/LPSDURVIXURVREVWUXtGRVGR¿OWURGLVFRFRPXPD
SHTXHQDHVFRYDRXXPDO¿QHWH)LJ
$SURWHomRGHERUUDFKDHVWi
TXHLPDGDRXURPSHXVH
6XEVWLWXDDSURWHomRGHERUUDFKD
$MDUUDQmRIRLEHP
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Gevaar voor kinderen
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VQRHUHQNDQVFKDGHHQRQJHOXNNHQYHURRU]DNHQ
 +HWDSSDUDDWPDJQLHWYLDH[WHUQHWLMGVFKDNHODDUVRIDSDUWRSDIVWDQGEHGLHQGH
LQVWDOODWLHVZRUGHQJHYRHG
 $OVGHVWURRPNDEHOEHVFKDGLJGLVPRHWKLMRPLHGHUULVLFRWHYRRUNRPHQZRU-
GHQYHUYDQJHQGRRUGHIDEULNDQWRIGRRUGLHQVVHUYLFHFHQWUXPRILQLHGHUJHYDO
GRRUHHQSHUVRRQPHWHHQYHUJHOLMNEDUHNZDOL¿FDWLH
 =RUJGDWGHRQGHUGHOHQGLHRQGHUVSDQQLQJVWDDQQRRLWLQDDQUDNLQJNRPHQPHW
ZDWHUKLHUGRRUNDQNRUWVOXLWLQJRQWVWDDQ
 7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFWDOYRUHQVKHWDSSDUDDWWHUHLQLJHQRIHURQGHU-
KRXGRSWHSOHJHQ
 'RPSHOKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQZDWHURIDQGHUHYORHLVWRIIHQ
Risico op schade door andere oorzaken
 .LHVHHQJRHGYHUOLFKWHHQVFKRQHUXLPWHPHWHHQPDNNHOLMNWHEHUHLNHQVWRS-
FRQWDFW
 +HWDSSDUDDWPDJQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWDOVKHWLVJHYDOOHQDOVHU]LFKWEDUHVFKD-
GHLVELMVWRULQJHQRIHHQPRJHOLMNGHIHFWQDHHQYDORIDOVKLMZDWHUOHNW6WHO
QRRLWHHQGHIHFWDSSDUDDWLQZHUNLQJ
 $OOHUHSDUDWLHVZDDURQGHURRNGHYHUYDQJLQJYDQKHWVWURRPVQRHUGLHQHQXLW-
VOXLWHQGWHZRUGHQXLWJHYRHUGGRRUHHQHUNHQG6HUYLFH&HQWUXPRIGRRUHHQ
GDDUWRHJHNZDOL¿FHHUGSHUVRRQRPLHGHUULVLFRWHYHUPLMGHQ$QGHUVNRPWGH
JDUDQWLHWHJHYDOOHQ$OOHDDQVSUDNHOLMNKHLGYRRUHYHQWXHOHVFKDGHGLHKHWJH-
YROJLVYDQUHSDUDWLHVGLHRSGHYHUNHHUGHZLM]H]LMQXLWJHYRHUGZRUGWDIJHZH-
]HQ
Waarschuwing voor verbrandingsgevaar
 .RPQLHWDDQGHPHWDOHQGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWDOVKHWZHUNWHQWLMGHQVGHHHU-
VWHPLQXWHQQDGDWKHWLVXLWJH]HW.RPQLHWDDQGHKHWHRSSHUYODNNHQ*HEUXLN
SDQQHQODSSHQRIWKHHGRHNHQ
 1HHPKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWGHZDWHUNRNHUDOOHHQYDQGHYRHWDOVGH
YHUZDUPLQJVSURFHGXUHLVYROWRRLGHQKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDW
 7LOKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWHQGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDDQKHW
KLHUYRRUEHVWHPGHKDQGYDWRS
 9RRUGDWXKHWDSSDUDDWVFKRRQPDDNWODDWXKHWDINRHOHQ
Let op – schade aan materialen
 =HWKHWDSSDUDDWRSHHQVWDELHOHRQGHUJURQGZDDUKHWQLHWNDQRPYDOOHQ
 =HWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWRSKHWHRSSHUYODNNHQRILQGHEXXUWYDQRSHQYODPPHQRP
WHYRRUNRPHQGDWGHEHKXL]LQJEHVFKDGLJGUDDNW
82
NL
 *HEUXLNXLWVOXLWHQGGH ELMJHOHYHUGH YRHGLQJVEDVLV KRXG GH EDVLVVFKRRQ HQ
GURRJ
 'HNDEHOPDJQLHWWHJHQGHKHWHGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWNRPHQ
 *HEUXLNJHHQNRRO]XXUKRXGHQGZDWHU
 *HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQGHRSHQOXFKW
 =RUJGDWKHWDSSDUDDWQLHWZRUGWEORRWJHVWHOGDDQZHHUVRPVWDQGLJKHGHQUHJHQ
]RQHQ]
9RRUKHWFRUUHFWYHUQLHWLJHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWYROJHQVGH(XURSHVH5LFKWOLMQ
(8OHHVKHWVSHFLDOHEODDGMHGDWELMKHWSURGXFWZRUGWJHOHYHU
BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES ALTIJD.
BESCHRIJVING VAN HET APPARAAT
+HWDSSDUDDWEHVWDDWXLWHHQYRHWHHQHOHNWULVFKNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWHQHHQPHONRSVFKXLPHUZD-
WHUNRNHU
$.QRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ
%.QRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ
&.QRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ
'9RHGLQJVEDVLV
2QGHUGHOHQYDQKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDW
(6WRRPNHWHO
)9HLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHO
*)LOWHUYRRUYLHUNRSMHV
+6FKLMI¿OWHUYRRUWZHHNRSMHV
, 'LFKWLQJ
- 6FKLMI¿OWHU
..RI¿HNDQ
L - Afgifteopeningen
0'HNVHO
1+DQGJUHHS
Onderdelen van de melkopschuimer/waterkoker
2'HNVHO
32SVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
42SVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
50HONNDQ
6+DQGJUHHS
70D[PLQLQGLFDWRU
0,1YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
0$;YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
U - 6WHXQYRRURSVFKXLPVWXN
83
NL
,GHQWLÀFDWLHJHJHYHQV
2SKHWSODDWMHRQGHUGHYRHGLQJVEDVLVVWDDQGHYROJHQGHLGHQWL¿FDWLHJHJHYHQVYDQKHWDSSDUDDW
 IDEULNDQWHQ(*PHUN
 PRGHO0RG
 VHULHQXPPHU61
 YRHGLQJVVSDQQLQJ9HQIUHTXHQWLH+]
 RSJHQRPHQHOHNWULVFKYHUPRJHQ:
 JUDWLVWHOHIRRQQXPPHUDVVLVWHQWLH
%LMHYHQWXHOHYHU]RHNHQDDQGHHUNHQGHVHUYLFHGLHQVWHQYHUPHOGWXKHWPRGHOHQKHWVHULHQXP-
PHU
FASES VOORAFGAAND AAN HET GEBRUIK
Inbedrijfstelling
Controleer of de netspanning in huis dezelfde is als die op het plaatje met technische gege-
vens van het apparaat.
 9HUZLMGHUKHWYHUSDNNLQJVPDWHULDDOHQFRQWUROHHURIDOOHRQGHUGHOHQDDQZH]LJ]LMQ
 :DVGHRQGHUGHOHQDI]RDOVLQGHSDUDJUDDI³5HLQLJLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW´VWDDW
 =HWKHWDSSDUDDW]RGDQLJQHHUGDWNLQGHUHQQLHWELMGHKHWHGHOHQNXQQHQNRPHQ=HWGHYRHW
YHUYROJHQVRSHHQYODNNHRQGHUJURQGYHUYDQNUDQHQHQZDVEDNNHQ
KOFFIE MAKEN
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPDJDOOHHQORVYDQGHYRHWZRUGHQJHYXOGRIJHOHHJG
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
*HEUXLNKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHW]RQGHUZDWHU
.LMNJRHGXLWGDWKHWZDWHUGHEXLWHQNDQWYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUQLHWQDWPDDNW=RUJHUYRRU
GDWHUJHHQZDWHULQGHHOHNWULVFKHGHOHQWHUHFKWNRPW
9XOKHWUHVHUYRLUQRRLWPHWKHHWRINRNHQGZDWHU
9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUDOOHHQPHWYHUVZDWHU
'RHQRRLW LHWV DQGHUVLQ KHW ¿OWHUGDQ JHPDOHQ NRI¿H+HW DSSDUDDW]RXKLHUGRRU ]ZDDU
EHVFKDGLJGNXQQHQUDNHQ*HEUXLNKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHWYRRUJHUVWHNRI¿H
%LMGHHHUVWHLQVFKDNHOLQJRIZDQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWODQJHUHWLMGQLHWLVJHEUXLNWZRUGWDDQ-
JHUDGHQHHUVWWHQPLQVWHNRSMHNRIÀHWH]HWWHQ:DVHQGURRJGHNRIÀHNDQHQDOOHDFFHV-
VRLUHVDI+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLURIGHYRHWQLHWDIZDVVHQ
 &RQWUROHHURIKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWNRXGLV
 1HHPKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWYDQGHYRHW
 +RXGKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU(PHWGHHQHKDQGYDVWHQGUDDLPHWGHDQGHUHGHNRI¿HNDQWHJHQ
GHNORNLQORV
 9HUZLMGHUKHW¿OWHU*
 9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWZDWHUWRWDDQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHO)GDWDDQGHELQQHQNDQWYDQ
KHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUWH]LHQLV)LJ9XOKHWQLHWWRWERYHQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHOPHWZDWHU
84
NL
 'RHKHW¿OWHULQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
 9XOKHW¿OWHUPHWJHPDOHQNRI¿H]RQGHUKHPDDQWHGUXNNHQ9XOKHWEHHWMHELMEHHWMHRPWH
YRRUNRPHQGDWGHJHPDOHQNRI¿HRYHUGHUDQGKHHQNRPW9HUGHHOGHNRI¿HJHOLMNPDWLJHQ
YHUZLMGHUKHWHYHQWXHOHWHYHHODDQNRI¿HYDQGH¿OWHUUDQG
*HEUXLNHHQJRHGHNZDOLWHLWJHPDOHQNRIÀHPHWPLGGHOJURYHPDOLQJGLHJHVFKLNWLVYRRUGH
moka express.
$OVHUWHYHHOJHPDOHQNRIÀHLQKHWÀOWHU*ZRUGWJHGDDQNDQKHWPRHLOLMN]LMQKHWZD-
WHUUHVHUYRLU(JRHGDDQGHNRIÀHNDQ.YDVWWHGUDDLHQ7LMGHQVGHNRIÀHDIJLIWHNDQKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUOHNNHQ+HWNDQ]LMQGDWGHNRIÀHHUQLHWJRHGXLWNRPW
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
'UDDLKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUJRHGDDQGHNRI¿HNDQPDDU]RQGHUWHRYHUGULMYHQ2HIHQJHHQ
GUXNXLWRSGHKDQGJUHHS
:DQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWZHUNWPRHWKHWGHNVHOGLFKWEOLMYHQ
 =HWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWRSGHYRHW'6OXLWKHWGHNVHO
 6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
'UXNRSGHNQRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ$+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUROHODPSMH
YDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
1DHQNHOHPLQXWHQZRUGWGHNRI¿HDIJHJHYHQ:DFKWWRWGHDIJLIWHKHOHPDDONODDULV+HWFRQWUROH-
ODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPNRI¿HWH]HWWHQ$EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ*HEUXLNHHQOHSHOWMHRPGHNRI¿H
WHPHQJHQHQGHERG\HQWHPSHUDWXXUJHOLMNPDWLJWHYHUGHOHQ
6FKHQNGHNRI¿HLQGHNRSMHV
:DFKWWRWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDWDIJHNRHOGLVYRRUGDWXKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUORV-
GUDDLWRPHHQQLHXZNRSMHNRIÀHWH]HWWHQ*HEUXLNDQGHUVKDQGVFKRHQHQRIWKHHGRHNHQRP
te voorkomen dat u zich brandt.
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
=HWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWQLHWLQHHQUXLPWHPHWHHQRPJHYLQJVWHPSHUDWXXUGLH
ODJHULVGDQ&DDQJH]LHQKHWLQGHNHWHODFKWHUJHEOHYHQZDWHU]RXNXQQHQEHYULH]HQHQ
VFKDGH]RXNXQQHQYHURRU]DNHQ
.RIÀHYRRUWZHHNRSMHV
 9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU(YRRUGHKHOIWPHWZDWHU)LJHQEOLMIKLHUELMRQGHUKHWYHLOLJKHLGV-
YHQWLHO)
 'RHKHW¿OWHU*YRRUYLHUNRSMHVLQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
 2PWZHHNRSMHVNRI¿HWHPDNHQGRHWXGHVFKLMI¿OWHUYRRUWZHHNRSMHV+LQKHW¿OWHUYRRUYLHU
NRSMHV)LJ
 +DQGHO]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQGHSDUDJUDDI³.RI¿H]HWWHQ´
$OVHUJHHQNRIÀHZRUGWDIJHJHYHQNDQKHWÀOWHUYHUVWRSW]LMQ2QGHUEUHHNGHDIJLIWHHQ
ZDFKWWRWKHWDSSDUDDWDIJHNRHOGLV0DDNKHWDSSDUDDWYHUYROJHQVVFKRRQ]RDOVLQGHKLHU-
YRRUEHVWHPGHSDUDJUDDIZRUGWEHVFKUHYHQ
Warmhoudfunctie
:DQQHHUXKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWRSGHYRHWODDWEHJLQWGHZDUPKRXGIDVH'LWKRXGWGH
NRI¿HZDUP'HZDUPKRXGIXQFWLHEOLMIWPLQXWHQZHUNHQ
85
NL
DE MELKOPSCHUIMER/WATERKOKER GEBRUIKEN
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
'HNDQPDJDOOHHQORVYDQGHYRHWZRUGHQJHYXOGRIJHOHHJG
1HHPGHRSGHNDQZHHUJHJHYHQ0,10$;QLYHDXVLQDFKW'HVWHXQRSGHERGHPYDQ
GHNDQPRHWDOWLMGPHWPHONRIZDWHUEHGHNW]LMQ,QGLHQHUWHZHLQLJPHONRIZDWHULQKHW
DSSDUDDW]LWNDQKHWRYHUYHUKLWUDNHQ,QGLHQKHWDSSDUDDWPHWPHHUGDQGHZHHUJHJHYHQ
QLYHDXVZRUGWJHYXOGNDQKHWWLMGHQVKHWYHUZDUPHQYDQGHPHONRIKHWZDWHUOHNNHQ
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
*HEUXLNKHWDSSDUDDWQLHW]RQGHUPHONRIZDWHU
9XOGHNDQYDQGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDOOHHQPHWYHUVHPHONRIYHUVZDWHU
/DDWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUQLHWGURRJ]RQGHUPHONRIZDWHUZHUNHQ
9XOGHNDQQRRLWPHWZDUPHPHONRIZDUPZDWHU
/DDWKHWZDWHUNRNHQDOVXKHWDSSDUDDWYRRUKHWHHUVWLQVFKDNHOW0DDNGHNDQOHHJHQVSRHO
KHPRP+HUKDDOGLWWZHHRIGULHNHHU
'HHHUVWHNHHUGDWKHWDSSDUDDWZRUGWYHUZDUPGNDQHUHHQOLFKWHJHXURQWVWDDQ*HHQ]RUJ
Het is perfect normaal, omdat sommige onderdelen lichtelijk zijn gesmeerd. Na korte tijd zal
GLWYHUVFKLMQVHOYHUGZLMQHQ
+HWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUNXQQHQWHJHOLMNZRUGHQ
ingeschakeld
MELK OPSCHUIMEN
Breng het opschuimstuk aan
9RRUYHHOVFKXLPEUHQJWXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDODDQ
2PZHLQLJVFKXLPWHNULMJHQRINOHLQHKRHYHHOKHGHQHHQEHHWMHRSWHVFKXLPHQ
NLHVWXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
2PWHYRRUNRPHQGDW]HNZLMWUDNHQEHZDDUWXGHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQGLHQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWLQGH
RQGHUNDQWYDQGHYRHW)LJ
Schenk de melk in
 1HHPKHWGHNVHOYDQGHPHONNDQ
 'RHKHWJHVFKLNWHRSVFKXLPVWXNRSGHVWHXQRSGHERGHPYDQGHNDQ
 9XOGHPHONNDQWRWKHWKRRJVWHQLYHDXGDWZRUGWDDQJHJHYHQGRRUKHWVWUHHSMHWHUKRRJWHYDQ
KHW0$;WHNHQ
0$;YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
0,1YRRUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDO
 'RHKHWGHNVHOJRHGVWHYLJRSGHPHONNDQ
86
NL
De melk opschuimen en verwarmen
 =HWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUSGHYRHW
 6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
 'UXNppQNHHURSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HW
FRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
 +HWDSSDUDDWEHJLQWGHPHONWHYHUZDUPHQHQRSWHVFKXLPHQ
$OVXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDOJHEUXLNWGXXUWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVRQJHYHHUPLQXXW
$OVXKHWRSVFKXLPVWXN]RQGHUVSLUDDOJHEUXLNWGXXUWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVRQJHYHHUPLQXWHQ
+HWYHUZDUPLQJVHQRSVFKXLPSURFHVVWRSWDXWRPDWLVFK
+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPFDS-
SXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
2SHQKHWGHNVHOQLHWWHUZLMOGHPHONNRRNW*HYDDUYRRUKHWHPHONVSHWWHUV
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDWYRRUGDWXKHWYDQGHYRHWQHHPW
 7LOGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDDQKHWVSHFLDOHKDQGYDWRS1HHPGHNDQYDQGHYRHW
 6FKHQNGHPHONLQKHWNRSMH
Na het gebruik van het apparaat maakt u de kan en het opschuimstuk onmiddellijk schoon
om te voorkomen dat de melk erin opdroogt.
Koude melk opschuimen
+HWLVRRNPRJHOLMNGHPHONRSWHVFKXLPHQ]RQGHUKHPWHYHUZDUPHQ9RRUHHQ]DFKWHQURPLJ
VFKXLPJHEUXLNWXXLWVOXLWHQGKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNPHWVSLUDDO
 'UXNRSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%HQKRXGKHPRQJHYHHUVHFRQGHQLQJHGUXNW
WRWKHWDSSDUDDWGHPHONEHJLQWRSWHVFKXLPHQ+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUR-
OHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWEODXZOLFKWEUDQGHQ
1DRQJHYHHUPLQXXWVWRSWKHWRSVFKXLPSURFHVDXWRPDWLVFK+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGH
NQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Het verwarmen of opschuimen van de melk onderbreken of voortijdig
stoppen
 'UXNRSGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQ%+HWFRQWUROHODPSMHYDQGHZHUNLQJJDDWXLW
2PWHEOLMYHQYHUZDUPHQHQRSVFKXLPHQGUXNWXGHNQRSRPFDSSXFFLQRWHPDNHQRSQLHXZLQ
 NRUWDOVXZLOWYHUZDUPHQHQRSVFKXLPHQ
 ODQJDOVXZLOWRSVFKXLPHQ]RQGHUYHUZDUPHQ
WATER VERWARMEN
'HWZHHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQPRJHQQLHWZRUGHQJHEUXLNWZDQQHHUXZDWHUNRRNW9HUZLMGHUKHWRS-
VFKXLPVWXN3RI4XLWGHZDWHUNRNHU
 9XOGHNDQWRWKHWJHZHQVWHQLYHDXPHWYHUVZDWHU
+HWPHW0$;DDQJHJHYHQSHLOPDJQLHWZRUGHQRYHUVFKUHGHQ
 'RHKHWGHNVHOJRHGVWHYLJRSGHPHONNDQ
 =HWGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHURSGHYRHW
 6WHHNGHVWHNNHULQHHQJHDDUGVWRSFRQWDFW
87
NL
Laat het water koken
 'UXNppQNHHURSGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQ-
WUROHODPSMHYDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWURRGOLFKWEUDQGHQ
Water 80°C verwarmen
 'UXNRSGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&HQKRXGKHPRQJHYHHUVHFRQGHQLQJHGUXNWWRWKHW
DSSDUDDWKHWZDWHUEHJLQWWHYHUZDUPHQ+HWDSSDUDDWZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOG+HWFRQWUROHODPSMH
YDQGHWRHWVJDDWPHWJHHOOLFKWEUDQGHQ
:DQQHHUKHWZDWHURSWHPSHUDWXXULVZRUGWGHYHUZDUPLQJVIXQFWLHDXWRPDWLVFKJHVWRSW+HWFRQ-
WUROHODPSMHYDQGHNQRSRPZDWHUWHNRNHQ&EHJLQWWHNQLSSHUHQ
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
2SHQKHWGHNVHOQLHWWHUZLMOKHWZDWHUNRRNW*HYDDUYRRUKHWHZDWHUVSHWWHUV
9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWKHWDSSDUDDWXLWVWDDWYRRUGDWXKHWYDQGHYRHWQHHPW
 7LOGHPHONRSVFKXLPHUZDWHUNRNHUDDQKHWVSHFLDOHKDQGYDWRS1HHPGHNDQYDQGHYRHW
 6FKHQNKHWZDWHULQGHNRSMHV
9HUZLMGHUKHWRYHUJHEOHYHQZDWHUQDLHGHUJHEUXLNXLWGHNDQ
2PZHHU ZDWHU WH NRNHQ ZDFKWX HQNHOH VHFRQGHQ]RGDW KHW LQVFKDNHOPHFKDQLVPH ]LFKNDQ
KHUVWHOOHQ
Waterdruppels onder de kan zijn heel normaal: het is maar condens.
HET APPARAAT UITSCHAKELEN
$OVJHHQHQNHOHWRHWVLQJHGUXNWLVHQDOOHFRQWUROHODPSMHVYRRUGHZHUNLQJXLWVWDDQLVKHWDSSDUDDW
XLWJHVFKDNHOG+DDOGHVWHNNHUYDQGHVWURRPNDEHODOWLMGXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
Bescherming tegen oververhitting
:DQQHHUKHWDSSDUDDWOHHJ]RQGHUPHONRIZDWHUZRUGWLQJHVFKDNHOGJDDWKHWQDRQJHYHHU
VHFRQGHQDXWRPDWLVFKXLWDOVEHVFKHUPLQJWHJHQRYHUYHUKLWWLQJ2PZHHUZDWHUWHNRNHQZDFKWX
HQNHOHVHFRQGHQ]RGDWKHWLQVFKDNHOPHFKDQLVPH]LFKNDQKHUVWHOOHQ
REINIGING VAN HET APPARAAT
Gevaar - Risico voor elektrische schok
$OOHKLHURQGHUDDQJHJHYHQUHLQLJLQJVKDQGHOLQJHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWELMXLWJHVFKDNHOG
DSSDUDDWHQPHWGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
Let op – Gevaar voor materiële schade
*RHGRQGHUKRXGHQHHQUHJHOPDWLJHUHLQLJLQJEHVFKHUPHQKHWDSSDUDDWHQ]RUJHQHUYRRU
GDWKHWODQJHUJRHGEOLMIWZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUHHQDDQ]LHQOLMNNOHLQHUULVLFRLVGDWHUNDONDDQ-
VODJLQKHWDSSDUDDWRQWVWDDW
:DVGHRQGHUGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWLQGHYDDWZDVPDFKLQH+RXGKHWDSSDUDDWQRRLWRQGHU
VWURPHQGZDWHU
=RUJGDWKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUYDQKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRI¿H]HWDSSDUDDWGHEHKXL]LQJYDQGHPHO-
NRSVFKXLPHUHQGHYRHWQRRLWLQDDQUDNLQJNRPHQPHWKHWZDWHU'HRQGHUGHOHQPRJHQQLHW
DDQYRFKWZRUGHQEORRWJHVWHOG'HHOHNWULVFKHGHOHQPRHWHQRRNWHJHQPRJHOLMNHVSHWWHUVRI
ZDWHUGUXSSHOVZRUGHQEHVFKHUPG
88
NL
*HEUXLNYRRUKHWVFKRRQPDNHQJHHQFKHPLVFKRIDJUHVVLHIUHLQLJLQJVPLGGHORIHHQVFKXXU-
PLGGHO
Waarschuwing - Gevaar voor brandwonden
$OOHKLHURQGHUEHVFKUHYHQUHLQLJLQJVZHUN]DDPKHGHQPRHWHQZRUGHQYHUULFKWZDQQHHUGH
KHWHGHOHQYDQKHWDSSDUDDW]LMQDIJHNRHOG
De voet reinigen
'HYRHWPRHWPHWHHQYRFKWLJGRHNMHZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNW*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXUPLGGHOHQRI
PHWDOHQJHUHHGVFKDS
5HLQLJLQJYDQKHWKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDW
+HWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPRHWPHWHHQYRFKWLJGRHNMHZRUGHQVFKRRQJHPDDNW*HEUXLNJHHQVFKXXU-
PLGGHOHQRIPHWDOHQJHUHHGVFKDS
:DQQHHUXGHGLFKWLQJ,HQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHU-ZHJQHHPWYRRUVFKRRQPDDNKDQGHOLQJHQRIRP]H
WHYHUYDQJHQPRHWXHURSOHWWHQGDWX]HZHHUJRHGRSKXQSODDWV]HWRPWHYRRUNRPHQGDWHU
VSHWWHUVKHHWZDWHUXLWNRPHQ
&RQWUROHHURIGHJDDWMHVYDQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHUQLHWYHUVWRSW]LWWHQDQGHUVPDDNWX]HVFKRRQPHWHHQ
ERUVWHOWMH)LJ
:DQQHHUGHGLFKWLQJHQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHUWHNHQHQYDQVOLMWDJHYHUWRQHQPRHWHQ]HZRUGHQYHUYDQ-
JHQ*HEUXLNRULJLQHOHUHVHUYHRQGHUGHOHQGLHELMGHHUNHQGHVHUYLFHGLHQVWHQYHUNULMJEDDU]LMQ
Het waterreservoir ontkalken
+HWNDQ]LMQGDWHUQDKHW]HWWHQYDQWDOULMNHNRSMHVNRI¿HHHQODDJMHNDONDDQVODJRSGHERGHPYDQ
KHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUZRUGWJHYRUPGKLHUGRRUNDQGH¿OWHUWLMGYHHOODQJHUGXUHQ2PGLWSUREOHHPRS
WHORVVHQPRHWGH]HODDJNDONDDQVODJZRUGHQYHUZLMGHUGGRRUPLGGHOYDQHHQRQWNDONLQJ*HEUXLN
SURGXFWHQGLHVSHFLDDOEHVWHPG]LMQRPWHRQWNDONHQHQGLHLQGHKDQGHOYHUNULMJEDDU]LMQELMYRRU-
EHHOGFLWURHQ]XXU
+DQGHODOVYROJWRPKHWDSSDUDDWWHRQWNDONHQ
 &RQWUROHHURIKHWDSSDUDDWNRXGLVHQGUDDLKHWRSHQ
 9XOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUPHWGHRQWNDONHUHQZDFKWHHQKDOIXXU
 9HU]HNHUXHUYDQGDWXGHELQQHQNDQWYDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUKHOHPDDOJHUHLQLJGKHHIW
'HKDQGHOLQJNDQZRUGHQYHUULFKWELMNRXGZDWHUUHVHUYRLUGDWQLHWRSGHEDVLVVWDDW
 1DHHQKDOIXXUPDDNWXKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUOHHJHQFRQWUROHHUWXRIDOOHNDONDDQVODJYDQGH
ERGHPYHUGZHQHQLV6SRHOKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLUYHUYROJHQVYDQELQQHQRP'RPSHOKHWZDWHU-
UHVHUYRLUQLHWLQZDWHU
 =HWPLQVWHQVNRSMHVNRI¿HHQJRRL]HZHJ
'HJDUDQJLHGHNWJHHQVFKDGHGRRUYHUVWRSSLQJHQDOVJHYROJYDQNDONDDQVODJ
Reiniging van de melkopschuimer/waterkoker
1DLHGHUYHUZDUPLQJVHQRSVFKXLPSURFHVPDDNWXGHPHONNDQPHWHHQVFKRRQRPWHYRRU-
komen dat de melk erin indroogt.
 +DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW
 9HUZLMGHUKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNXLWGHNDQ
 :DVKHWGHNVHO2HQGHRSVFKXLPVWXNNHQ43PHWZDUPZDWHUHQDIZDVPLGGHODI
89
NL
 :DVDOOHHQGHELQQHQNDQWYDQGHKRXGHU5PHWZDUPZDWHUHQDIZDVPLGGHODI
 'URRJDOOHRQGHUGHOHQ]RUJYXOGLJDIPHWQDPHGHPHONNDQRPYOHNYRUPLQJWHYRRUNRPHQ
De kan ontkalken
*RHGRQGHUKRXGHQHHQUHJHOPDWLJHUHLQLJLQJEHVFKHUPHQKHWDSSDUDDWHQ]RUJHQHUYRRUGDWKHW
ODQJHUJRHGEOLMIWZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUHHQDDQ]LHQOLMNNOHLQHUULVLFRLVGDWHUNDONDDQVODJLQKHWDSSD-
UDDWRQWVWDDW$OVKHWDSSDUDDWRQGDQNVGH]HPDDWUHJHOHQQDYHUORRSYDQWLMGPLQGHUJRHGEOLMNWWH
ZHUNHQGRRUGDWHUYDDNKDUGHQNDONULMNZDWHUZRUGWJHEUXLNWPRHWKHWDSSDUDDWZRUGHQRQWNDONW
RPGHJHEUHNHQWHYHUKHOSHQ*HEUXLNSURGXFWHQGLHVSHFLDDOEHVWHPG]LMQRPWHRQWNDONHQHQGLH
LQGHKDQGHOYHUNULMJEDDU]LMQELMYRRUEHHOGFLWURHQ]XXU
BUITENWERKINGSTELLING
,QGLHQKHWDSSDUDDWEXLWHQZHUNLQJZRUGWJHVWHOGPRHWKHWHOHNWULVFKZRUGHQORVJHNRSSHOG.QLS
GHVWURRPNDEHOGRRU
$OVKHWDSSDUDDWZRUGWJHVORRSWPRHWHQGHYHUVFKLOOHQGHPDWHULDOHQGLHELMGHYHUYDDUGLJLQJYDQ
KHWDSSDUDDW]LMQJHEUXLNWZRUGHQJHVFKHLGHQHQZRUGHQYHUZHUNWRSJURQGYDQKXQVDPHQVWHOOLQJ
HQGHWRHSDVVHOLMNHZHWJHYLQJLQKHWODQGZDDUKHWZRUGWJHEUXLNW
90
NL
OVERZICHT VAN OPLOSSINGEN VOOR EEN AANTAL PROBLEMEN
Let op!
,QJHYDOYDQVWRULQJ]HWXKHWDSSDUDDWPHWHHQXLW7UHNGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW:DFKW
WRWKHWDSSDUDDWLVDIJHNRHOG*HEUXLNDQGHUVKDQGVFKRHQHQRIWKHHGRHNHQRPWHYRRUNR-
PHQGDWX]LFKEUDQGW
9RRUKHWHOHNWULVFKHNRIÀH]HWDSSDUDDW
3UREOHPHQ 2RU]DNHQ Oplossingen
(UNRPWJHHQNRI¿H
XLW
(U]LWJHHQZDWHULQKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJPHWGHMXLVWHKRHYHHOKHLG
ZDWHULQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
(UOHNWNRI¿HXLW
GHUDQGHQYDQKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
:DDUVFKLMQOLMN]LWHUWHYHHO
JHPDOHQNRI¿HLQKHW¿OWHU
ZDDUGRRUKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
QLHWJRHGRSGHNRI¿HNDQ
YDVWNDQZRUGHQJHGUDDLG
+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJPHWGHMXLVWHKRHYHHOKHLG
NRI¿HLQKHW¿OWHU
2SGHGLFKWLQJ]LMQ
UHVWHQJHPDOHQNRI¿H
DFKWHUJHEOHYHQ
0DDNGHGLFKWLQJVFKRRQPHWHHQWDQGHQVWRNHURI
HHQVSRQVMH
'HJDDWMHVYDQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHU
-]LMQYHUVWRSW
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW*HEUXLN
KDQGVFKRHQHQRIWKHHGRHNHQ'UDDLKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUYDQGHNRI¿HRSYDQJ0DDNGH
YHUVWRSWHJDDWMHVYDQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHUVFKRRQPHWHHQ
ERUVWHOWMHRIHHQQDDOG)LJ
'HGLFKWLQJLVYHUEUDQGRI
JHVFKHXUG
9HUYDQJGHGLFKWLQJ
'HNRI¿HNDQLVQLHWJRHG
DDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
JHVFKURHIG
6FKURHIGHNRI¿HNDQVWHYLJDDQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU
2HIHQJHHQGUXNXLWRSGHKDQGJUHHS
(UNRPWJHHQNRI¿H
XLWKHWDSSDUDDWRI
GHNRI¿HORRSWWH
ODQJ]DDPGRRU
'HJDDWMHVYDQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHU
-]LMQYHUVWRSW
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW*HEUXLN
KDQGVFKRHQHQRIWKHHGRHNHQ'UDDLKHW
ZDWHUUHVHUYRLUYDQGHNRI¿HRSYDQJ0DDNGH
YHUVWRSWHJDDWMHVYDQKHWVFKLMI¿OWHUVFKRRQPHWHHQ
ERUVWHOWMHRIHHQQDDOG)LJ
7H¿MQHNRI¿HPDOLQJ 3UREHHUHHQJURYHUHNRI¿HPDOLQJWHJHEUXLNHQ
.RI¿HPDOLQJWHKDUG
DDQJHGUXNW
'RHPLQGHUNRI¿HLQKHW¿OWHU
2SGHERGHPYDQ
KHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU]LW
NDONDDQVODJ
9HUZLMGHUGHNDON]RDOVEHVFKUHYHQLQGHSDUDJUDDI
³5HLQLJLQJYDQKHWDSSDUDDW´
'HNRI¿HLVWHZDWHULJ
HQNRXG
'HNRI¿HLVWHJURIJHPDOHQ 9RRUVWHUNHUHHQZDUPHUHNRI¿HPRHWHHQ¿MQHUH
PDOLQJZRUGHQJHEUXLNW
(ULVWHYHHOZDWHULQJHGDDQ
+HUKDDOGHKDQGHOLQJPHWGHMXLVWHKRHYHHOKHLGZDWHU
LQKHWZDWHUUHVHUYRLU7RWDDQKHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHO
DOVXHHQ¿OWHUYRRUYLHUNRSMHVNRI¿HJHEUXLNW2QGHU
KHWYHLOLJKHLGVYHQWLHODOVXGHVFKLMIYRRUWZHHNRSMHV
NRI¿HJHEUXLNW)LJ
91
NL
Voor de melkopschuimer/waterkoker
3UREOHPHQ 2RU]DNHQ Oplossingen
+HWYHUZDUPLQJVHQ
RSVFKXLPSURFHV
VWRSWHHUGHUGDQGH
EHGRHOLQJLV
(ULVHHQWZHHGH
YHUZDPLQJVHQ
RSVFKXLPSURFHVJHVWDUWWRHQ
GHPDFKLQHQRJZDUPZDV
:DFKWWRWKHWDSSDUDDWLVDIJHNRHOG
+HWFRQWUROHODPSMH
YDQGHZHUNLQJ
JDDWPHWEODXZOLFKW
EUDQGHQ
+HWDSSDUDDWLVRYHUEHODVW +DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW6FKHQNZDW
PHONLQGHNDQHQVWDUWKHWDSSDUDDWRSQLHXZ0HW
0$;WHNHQPDJQLHWZRUGHQRYHUVFKUHGHQ
'HPHONLV
YHUZDUPGPDDUQLHW
RSJHVFKXLPG
+HWRSVFKXLPVWXNLVQLHW
JRHGRSGHVWHXQRS
GHERGHPYDQGHNDQ
DDQJHEUDFKW
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW6FKHQNGH
PHONXLWGHNDQ%UHQJKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNJRHGDDQ
'HPHONLV
YHUZDUPGPDDU
QLHWJRHGJHQRHJ
RSJHVFKXLPG
+HWYHUNHHUGHRSVFKXLPVWXN
LVJHEUXLNW
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW6FKHQNGH
PHONXLWGHNDQ.LHVKHWMXLVWHRSVFKXLPVWXN
(U]LWYXLORSKHW
RSVFKXLPVWXNRIRSGH
ERGHPYDQGHNDQ
0DDNGHNDQHQKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNVFKRRQ
Het apparaat
LVRQJHZRRQ
ODZDDLHULJ
2QYROGRHQGHPHONLQGHNDQ +DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW1HHPGHNDQ
YDQGHYRHW6FKHQNZDWPHONLQGHNDQHQVWDUW
KHWDSSDUDDWRSQLHXZ0HW0$;WHNHQPDJQLHW
ZRUGHQRYHUVFKUHGHQ
+HWRSVFKXLPVWXNLVQLHW
JRHGRSGHVWHXQRS
GHERGHPYDQGHNDQ
DDQJHEUDFKW
+DDOGHVWHNNHUXLWKHWVWRSFRQWDFW6FKHQNGH
PHONXLWGHNDQ%UHQJKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNJRHGDDQ
%UHQJKHWRSVFKXLPVWXNJRHGDDQ
+HWGHNVHO]LWQLHWJRHG
VWHYLJRSGHNDQ
'RHKHWGHNVHOJRHGVWHYLJRSGHPHONNDQ
92
EL
ƴƸƧƵƫƬƣƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƱƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƫƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢIJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧ-
țȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮ-
IJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİʌȡȠıİțIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȝȠ-
ȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮțĮȚȗȘȝȚȑȢĭȣȜȐȟIJİʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ
IJȠİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠĮȣIJȩȖȚĮȞĮȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒıİțȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİȝĮȗȓțĮȚIJȠʌĮȡȩȞİȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ȅȚʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢijȑȡȠȣȞIJĮʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦıȪȝȕȠȜĮʌȠȣıȘȝĮȓȞȠȣȞ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȖȚĮIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȀǿȃǻȊȃȅȈ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ ʌȚșĮȞȠȪȢ
ıȠȕĮȡȠȪȢ IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢ țĮȚ șĮȞȐıȚȝȠ
țȓȞįȣȞȠ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢȗȘȝȚȐȢĮʌȩįȚȐijȠȡİȢȐȜȜİȢĮȚIJȓİȢ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢțĮȚıȠȕĮȡȑȢȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȚĮİȖțĮȪȝĮIJĮ
ȆȡȠıȠȤȒ±ȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾ ȆȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚİȓ ȖȚĮ İȜĮijȡȠȪȢ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪȢȒȣȜȚțȑȢȗȘȝȚȑȢ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƱƮƧƯƩƸƳƩƴƩ
 ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ijIJȚȐȟİIJİ țĮijȑ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ
ȗİıIJȐȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȒıİIJİIJȠĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȂȘȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJİțĮȞȑȞĮȞȐȜȜȠIJȪʌȠ
ȣȖȡȠȪȒıIJİȡİȐIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
 ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚĮțȒȤȡȒıȘțĮȚįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮİȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪȢȒȕȚȠȝȘȤĮȞȚțȠȪȢıțȠʌȠȪȢ
 ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȣIJȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘİȠȚțȚĮțȑȢİijĮȡȝȠȖȑȢțĮȚʌĮȡȩȝȠȚİȢ
ȩʌȦȢ
 ıİȝȚțȡȑȢțȠȣȗȓȞİȢȖȚĮIJȠʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩıIJĮțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮIJĮȖȡĮijİȓĮțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢ
İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢ
 ıIJĮĮȖȡȠțIJȒȝĮIJĮ
 ȖȚĮȤȡȒıȘĮʌȩIJȠȣȢʌİȜȐIJİȢıİȟİȞȠįȠȤİȓĮʌĮȞıȚȩȞțĮȚȐȜȜȠȣȢȤȫȡȠȣȢįȚĮȝȠȞȒȢ
 ȈIJĮIJȠȣȡȚıIJȚțȐțĮIJĮȜȪȝĮIJĮIJȪʌȠȣįȚĮȞȣțIJȑȡİȣıȘȝİʌȡȦȧȞȩEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
 ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİȐȜȜȘȤȡȒıȘįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠʌȠȣ
ıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢțȐșİijȪıȘȢʌȠȣ
ȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢǾĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞ
ıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƶƲƱƭƧƫƮƮƣƵƫƬƱƫƬƫƯƦƶƯƱƫ
ȉĮțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȐȤĮȡĮțIJȘȡȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıİĮȣIJȩIJȠȑȞIJȣʌȠįİįȓ-
ȞȠȣȞIJȘįȣȞĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȞĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJİȓȠȤȡȒıIJȘȢĮʌȩIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİʌĮijȒȢȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȃĮʌȚȐȞİIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣʌȡȠțĮȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJĮȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪțĮȚĮIJȝȠȪʌȠȣ
93
EL
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİțIJȠȟİȣșȠȪȞĮʌȩIJȚȢȠʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȢȝȩțĮȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİ
IJȠțĮʌȐțȚȩıȠįȚĮȡțİȓȘʌĮȡȠȤȒțĮijȑ
ȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȣIJȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮĮijȡȩ-
ȖĮȜĮȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȝİIJȘȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȠȣșĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȂȘȤȡȘ-
ıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮʌȐȞȦ
ıİĮȞĮȝȝȑȞĮȝȐIJȚĮțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐȒĮİȡȓȠȣ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƧƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƫƴ
ǼȀǺǻǺȉȊǽȇȈȆȉǽȁȊȀȁǺȊȀȉȇǺȈǺȁǺȊȎȆǼǿĬȀǽȉ
 ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİȞĮijȣȜȐııİIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢIJȠȣİȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ
ȩIJȚįİȞʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚįȦȡİȐȞIJİȤȞȚțȒȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȖȚĮIJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘ-
țĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
 ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀȊʌĮȡIJȘȢ
ʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓDŽNJǂǕǂǍNJNjǒƽǑǂNJDžNJƽ
 ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐʌȐȞȦĮʌȩİIJȫȞȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞ
İʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞİȞȒȜȚțĮȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ
IJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢ
 ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣ
ȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢIJȘȞİʌȓȕȜİȥȘİȞȩȢİȞȒ-
ȜȚțĮȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
 ȂȘȞİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİıİʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
țĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
 ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚ-
įȚȫȞįİįȠȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
 ǹȞĮʌȠijĮıȓıİIJİȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪıİIJİțȩȕȠ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚİʌȓıȘȢȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİĮțȓȞįȣȞĮIJĮ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȖȚĮ
ȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȓȟȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
 ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜ-
ȜȚʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣ-
ȞȠȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢțĮȚIJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
 ȆȡȚȞıȣȞįȑıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩįȓțIJȣȠȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘIJȐıȘʌȠȣ
94
EL
ĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓȝİIJȘȞIJȐıȘIJȠȣ
įȚțIJȪȠȣIJȘȢʌİȡȚȠȤȒȢıĮȢ
 ǾȤȡȒıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȫȞȝʌĮȜĮȞIJȑȗȦȞȝȘİȟȠȣįȚȠIJȘȝȑȞȦȞĮʌȩIJȠİȡȖȠıIJȐıȚȠȝʌȠ-
ȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȑȢȒĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
 ȅȤİȚȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİIJĮȚȝİİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȒ
ȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
 ǹȞİȓȞĮȚȤĮȜĮıȝȑȞȠIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȘȜİțIJȡȠįȩIJȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓĮʌȩ
IJȠȞțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȠȓțȠȒĮʌȩȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒ-
ȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚȠȐIJȠȝȠʌȠȣȑȤİȚIJȘȞĮʌĮȚIJȠȪȝİȞȘIJİȤȞȚțȒțĮIJȐȡIJȚıȘ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİțȐșİțȓȞįȣȞȠ
 ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓ
ȞĮȖȓȞİȚȕȡĮȤȣțȪțȜȦȝĮ
 ȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİʌȑȝȕĮıȘțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢ
 ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLJLjǍNJƽǓǂǑǝDžNJƽǗǐǒdžǓƽnjnjdžǓǂNJǕǀdžǓ
 ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡțȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚĮİȡȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮʌȡȓȗĮİȪțȠȜĮ
ʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
 ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȞȑʌİıİțȐIJȦȒĮȞȑȤİȚİȝijĮȞȒıȘ-
ȝȐįȚĮȗȘȝȚȐȢıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȕȜȐȕȘȢȒĮȞȣʌȠȥȚȐȗİıIJİİȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡ-
ȖȓĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌIJȫıȘȒĮȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚįȚĮȡȡȠȒȞİȡȠȪȂȘȞșȑIJİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞİȓȞĮȚİȜĮIJIJȦȝĮIJȚțȒ
 ǵȜİȢȠȚİʌȚıțİȣȑȢĮțȩȝĮțĮȚȘĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘIJȠȣȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȜȦįȓȠȣʌȡȑ-
ʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚıİȑȞĮǼȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡ-
ȕȚȢȒȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȠʌȠȚȠȞįȒʌȠIJİ
țȓȞįȣȞȠȈİĮȞIJȓșİIJȘʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșĮʌĮȪİȚȞĮȚıȤȪİȚȘİȖȖȪȘıȘȅțĮIJĮıțİȣĮ-
ıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩțȐșİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮIJȣȤȩȞȕȜȐȕİȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚ
ıİȜĮȞșĮıȝȑȞİȢİʌȚıțİȣȑȢ
ƲǒǐdžNJDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjDŽNJǂdžDŽNjǂǞǍǂǕǂ
 ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȩIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓțĮȚȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐ
ĮijȠȪIJȘıȕȒıİIJİȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİIJȚȢȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȚĮ-
ıIJȡȐțȚĮțĮȚʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ
 ȃĮĮijĮȚȡİȓIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮ-
ıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȝȩȞȠȩIJĮȞȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢȑȤİȚȠȜȠ-
țȜȘȡȦșİȓțĮȚİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒ
 ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮțĮȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮ-
ıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȠİȚįȚțȩȤİȡȠȪȜȚ
 ǹijȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚʌȡȚȞIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİ
95
EL
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ²ǖnjNJNjƾǓLJLjǍNJƾǓ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮıIJĮșİȡȩȩʌȠȣįİȞȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚ
 ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİʌȠȜȪȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȒțȠȞIJȐıİȖȣ-
ȝȞȑȢijȜȩȖİȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȗȘȝȚȑȢıIJȠıțİȜİIJȩIJȘȢ
 ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐIJȘȞʌȡȠȝȘșİȣȩȝİȞȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢįȚĮ-
IJȘȡİȓIJİIJȘȕȐıȘțĮșĮȡȒțĮȚıIJİȖȞȒ
 ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮțȠȣȝʌȐİȚIJĮȗİıIJȐȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
 ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮİȡȚȠȪȤȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣʌİȡȚȑȤİȚįȚȠȟİȓįȚȠIJȠȣȐȞșȡĮțĮ
 ȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠȤȫȡȠ
 ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒ
ȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
īȚĮIJȘıȦıIJȒĮʌȩıȣȡıȘIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȅįȘȖȓĮ
(8ʌĮȡĮțĮȜİȓıIJİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıİIJİIJȠıȣȞȘȝȝȑȞȠıIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞİȚįȚțȩ
ijȣȜȜȐįȚȠ
ƷƶƭƣưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƫƧƴƣƶƵƧƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƩƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮʌȠIJİȜİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩȝȓĮȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢĮʌȩȝȓĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
țĮȚȝȓĮıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȢ
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&ȆȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ
'ǺȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƧǏǂǒǕƿǍǂǕǂǕLjǓLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿǓNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǓǍǝNjǂ
(ȁȑȕȘIJĮȢ
)ǺĮȜȕȓįĮĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
*ĭȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
+ǻȓıțȠȢȖȚĮįȣȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
, ĭȜȐȞIJȗĮ
- ǻȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ
.ȀĮȡȐijĮ
/ ȅʌȑȢʌĮȡȠȤȒȢ
0ȀĮʌȐțȚ
1ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
96
EL
ƧǏǂǒǕƿǍǂǕǂǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
2ȀĮʌȐțȚ
3ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
4ǼȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
5ǻȠȤİȓȠ
6ȋİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒ
7ǻİȓțIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
U - ȊʌȠįȠȤȒİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ
ƴǕǐNJǘdžǀǂǂǎǂDŽǎǟǒNJǔLjǓ
ȈIJȘȞʌȚȞĮțȓįĮ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ țȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘ IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ İȟȒȢıIJȠȚȤİȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȞȫȡȚıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
 țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢțĮȚıȒȝĮȞıȘ&(ǼȅȀ
 ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠ0RG
 ĮȡıİȚȡȐȢ61
 ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȩIJȘıȘȢ9țĮȚıȣȤȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ+]
 țĮIJĮȞĮȜȚıțȩȝİȞȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȚıȤȪȢ:
 ʌȡȐıȚȞȠIJȘȜȑijȦȞȠįȦȡİȐȞțȜȒıȘIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ
ǵIJĮȞĮʌİȣșȪȞİıIJİıIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮțȑȞIJȡĮȉİȤȞȚțȒȢȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȞĮĮȞĮijȑȡİIJİIJȠ
ȝȠȞIJȑȜȠțĮȚIJȠȞıİȚȡȚĮțȩĮȡȚșȝȩ
ƲƳƱƬƣƵƣƳƬƵƫƬƧƴƧƳƥƣƴƫƧƴƥƫƣƵƩƸƳƩƴƩ
ƪƾǔLjǔdžnjdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂ
ǻıȖįțȧȚıȔijıʍȧȣșijȑIJșijȡȤșȝıȜijȢțȜȡȫİțȜijȫȡȤįȟijțIJijȡțȥıȔȞıijșȟijȑIJșʍȡȤįȟįȗȢȑĴıijįț
IJijșȟʍțȟįȜȔİįijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢțĮȚȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞȩȜĮIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
 ȆȜȪȞIJİIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢª
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȑIJıȚȫıIJİIJĮȝȚțȡȐʌĮȚįȚȐȞĮȝȘȞijIJȐȞȠȣȞȞĮĮȖȖȓȟȠȣȞIJĮțĮȣIJȐ
ȝȑȡȘIJȘȢ ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘ ȕȐıȘ ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ʌȐȞȦıİ ȝȚĮ İʌȓʌİįȘ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȝĮțȡȚȐĮʌȩȕȡȪıİȢȞİȡȠȪțĮȚȞİȡȠȤȪIJİȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƷƵƫƣưƧƵƧƬƣƷƧ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞȠȞIJĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȖȐȜİȚIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮĮʌȩIJȘ
ȕȐıȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ȆȡȠıȑȟIJİȫıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩȞĮȝȘȕȡȑȟİȚIJȠİȟȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİİȚıȡȠȑȢȞİȡȠȪ
ȝȑıĮıIJĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİȗİıIJȩȒțĮȣIJȩȞİȡȩ
97
EL
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝȩȞȠȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘȕȐȗİIJİʌȠIJȑȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȠȣıȓİȢįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢĮʌȩțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘ
ȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȖȓȞİȚıȠȕĮȡȒȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȣʌȠțĮIJȐıIJĮIJĮțĮijȑıIJȘȞ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįįȟȑȦıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȓȞıijȑįʍȪȞıȗȑȝȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞįʍȡȤ
İıȟȒȥıțȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțșȚıȔIJȤȟțIJijȡȫȞıȟįįĴȓIJıijıȟįijȢȒȠıțijȡȤȝȑȥțIJijȡȟȒȟįȣȜįĴȒȣȇȝȫ-
ȟijıȜįțIJȜȡȤʍȔIJijıijșȟȜįȢȑĴįȜįțȪȝįijįıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȃșȟʍȝȒȟıijıijȡȝȒȖșijįȜįțijșȖȑIJș
șȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣijȢȡĴȡİȡIJȔįȣ
 ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİȚțȡȣȫıİȚȘȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮ
 ȀȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ(ȝİIJȠȑȞĮȤȑȡȚțĮȚȝİIJȠȐȜȜȠȤȑȡȚȟİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ.ȖȣȡȞȫ-
ȞIJĮȢIJȘȞʌȡȠȢIJĮĮȡȚıIJİȡȐ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ*
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİȞİȡȩ ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘıIJȐșȝȘȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ )ʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚȠȡĮIJȒ Įʌȩ
IJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮǼȚțǾıIJȐșȝȘIJȠȣȞİȡȠȪįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȣʌİȡȕĮȓȞİȚIJȘȕĮȜȕȓįĮ
ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȝİțĮijȑıİıțȩȞȘȤȦȡȓȢȞĮIJȠıȣȝʌȚȑıİIJİīİȝȓıIJİIJȠıȚȖȐ
ıȚȖȐȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİȞĮȟİȤİȚȜȓıİȚȠțĮijȑȢıİıțȩȞȘǻȚĮȞİȓȝİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijĮIJȠȞțĮijȑțĮȚ
ĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘȞIJȣȤȩȞʌİȡȓııİȚĮıțȩȞȘȢĮʌȩIJȠȤİȓȜȠȢIJȠȣijȓȜIJȡȠȣ
ȌȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȜįĴȒIJıIJȜȪȟșȜįȝȓȣʍȡțȪijșijįȣȞȒijȢțįȣȑȝıIJșȣȜįțIJȤIJȜıȤįIJȞȒȟȡȗțį
ȜįĴıijțȒȢįȞȪȜį
ǺȟȖȑȝıijıȤʍıȢȖȡȝțȜȓʍȡIJȪijșijįȜįĴȒIJıIJȜȪȟșȞȒIJįIJijȡĴȔȝijȢȡIJȥȓȞįijȡȣȥȧȟțȡȫ*
ȞʍȡȢıȔȟįİȤIJȜȡȝıȤijıȔijıȟįȖțİȬIJıijıȜįȝȑijȡȝȒȖșijį(IJijșȟȜįȢȑĴį.ȁįijȑijșİțȑȢ-
ȜıțįʍįȢȡȥȓȣȜįĴȒȞʍȡȢıȔȟįʍįȢȡȤIJțįIJijȡȫȟİțįȢȢȡȒȣįʍȪijȡȝȒȖșijįȆȜįĴȒȣȞʍȡȢıȔȟį
ȞșȟıȜȢȒıțIJȧIJijȑ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ǺȚįȫıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȣʌİȡȕȐȜȜİIJİȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠ-
ȜĮȕȒȖȚĮȞĮȕȚįȫıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ
ǵIJĮȞȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒIJȠțĮʌȐțȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚțȜİȚıIJȩ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ'ȀȜİȓıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ
 ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮijȑ$ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȝİȡȚțȐȜİʌIJȐșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘİțȡȠȒIJȠȣțĮijȑȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȘİțȡȠȒIJȠȣ
țĮijȑĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮijȑ$
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȑȞĮțȠȣIJĮȜȐțȚȖȚĮȞĮĮȞĮțĮIJȑȥİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑțĮȚȞĮțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȘIJȘ
ıȪıIJĮıȘțĮȚIJȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮIJȠȣțĮijȑ
ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȞțĮijȑıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȇȢțȟȠıȖțİȬIJıijıijȡȝȒȖșijįȗțįȟįĴijțȑȠıijıȜįțȟȡȫȢȗțȡȜįĴȒʍıȢțȞȒȟıijıȟįȜȢȤȬIJıțșșȝı-
ȜijȢțȜȓȜįĴıijțȒȢįȞȪȜįǽȟįȝȝįȜijțȜȑȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijıȗȑȟijțįȓʍıijIJȒijıȣȜȡȤȘȔȟįȣȗțįȟį
įʍȡĴȫȗıijıijȡȟȜȔȟİȤȟȡıȗȜįȤȞȑijȧȟ
98
EL
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȞİȡȩȝȑıĮıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮȩIJĮȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ
İȓȞĮȚțȐIJȦĮʌȩ&ȖȚĮIJȓȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȖȫıİȚIJȠȞİȡȩıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠȟİȞȒıİȚȗȘȝȚȐ
ƬǂǗƾǓDŽNJǂDžǖǐǗnjNJǕLJƽǎNJǂ
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ(ȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑıȘǼȚțʌĮȡĮȝȑȞȠȞIJĮȢțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢ
ĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ)
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ*ȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
 īȚĮȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ+ȖȚĮįȪȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȝȑıĮıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮǼȚț
 ǹțȠȜȠȣșİȓıIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȆȫȢȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİțĮijȑª
ǿıȝȝțʍȓȣʍįȢȡȥȓȜįĴȒȞʍȡȢıȔȟįȡĴıȔȝıijįțIJıĴȢȑȠțȞȡijȡȤĴȔȝijȢȡȤǼțįȜȪȦijıijșȟʍįȢȡȥȓ
ȜįțʍıȢțȞȒȟıijıȟįȜȢȤȬIJıțșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȉijșIJȤȟȒȥıțįȜįȚįȢȔIJijıijșȟIJȫȞĴȧȟįȞıijțȣȡİșȗȔıȣ
ijșȣIJȥıijțȜȓȣʍįȢįȗȢȑĴȡȤ
ƭdžNJǕǐǖǒDŽǀǂDžNJǂǕƿǒLjǔLjǓLJdžǔǕǐǞNjǂǗƾ
ǹȞĮijȒıİIJİIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȝȩțĮʌȐȞȦıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢșĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȘijȐıȘįȚ-
ĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢȗİıIJȠȪ țĮijȑDzIJıȚ Ƞ țĮijȑȢșĮ įȚĮIJȘȡȘșİȓȗİıIJȩȢ Ǿ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮįȚĮIJȒȡȘıȘȢ ȗİıIJȠȪ
ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘȖȚĮȜİʌIJȐ
ƲƺƴƯƣƸƳƩƴƫƮƱƲƱƫƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƥƫƣƣƷƳƱƥƣƭƣƤƳƣƴƵƩƳƣ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢȖİȝȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȚĮįİȚȐıȝĮIJȠȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȑȤȠȞIJĮȢȕȖȐȜİȚ
IJȠįȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȉȘȡȒıIJİIJȚȢıIJȐșȝİȢ0,10$;ʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȚȝȑıĮıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠǾȣʌȠįȠȤȒıIJȠȞʌȣș-
ȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚʌȐȞIJĮıțİʌĮıȝȑȞȘĮʌȩȖȐȜĮȒȞİȡȩȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘİȜ-
ȜȚʌȠȪȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢȒȞİȡȠȪȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȣʌİȡșİȡȝĮȞșİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞȖİȝȓıİIJİIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦĮʌȩIJȚȢıȘȝİȚȦȝȑȞİȢıIJȐșȝİȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıIJȠȪȞİțȡȠȑȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ȒȞİȡȠȪțĮIJȐIJȘijȐıȘșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȒȖȐȜĮ
īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȝȩȞȠȝİijȡȑıțȠȖȐȜĮȒijȣıȚțȩ
ȞȦʌȩȞİȡȩ
ȂȘșȑIJİIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮȤȦȡȓȢȞİȡȩȒȖȐȜĮ
ȂȘȖİȝȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩȒȗİıIJȩȖȐȜĮ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚįįȟȑȦıijıijșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȖȢȑIJijıijȡȟıȢȪǺİıțȑIJijıȜįțȠıʍȝȫȟijıijȡ
İȡȥıȔȡǽʍįȟįȝȑȖıijıijșȟİțįİțȜįIJȔįİȫȡȓijȢıțȣĴȡȢȒȣ
ȊșȟʍȢȬijșĴȡȢȑʍȡȤȚį ȘıIJijįȚıȔșIJȤIJȜıȤȓȞʍȡȢıȔȟį įȟįʍijȤȥȚıȔȞțįıȝįĴȢțȑȡIJȞȓ
ȞșȟįȟșIJȤȥıȔijıʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįȒȟįȜįȟȡȟțȜȪĴįțȟȪȞıȟȡȗțįijȔȞıȢțȜȑıȠįȢijȓȞįijįȒȥȡȤȟȝȔȗȡ
ȝȑİțĭįıȠįĴįȟțIJȚıȔIJıIJȫȟijȡȞȡȥȢȡȟțȜȪİțȑIJijșȞį
ǼȤȟįijȪijșijįijįȤijȪȥȢȡȟșȣ ıȟıȢȗȡʍȡȔșIJșȣșȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣ ȜįĴıijțȒȢįȣȞȪȜį ȜįțIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣ ȗțį
įĴȢȪȗįȝįȖȢįIJijȓȢį
99
EL
ƥƫƣƯƣƸƵƶƲƩƴƧƵƧƵƱƥƣƭƣ
ƧǑNJnjƾǏǕdžǕǐdžǏƽǒǕLjǍǂ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȠȜȪĮijȡȩȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİȜȓȖȠĮijȡȩȒȖȚĮȞĮȤIJȣʌȒıİIJİİȜĮijȡȐȝȚțȡȑȢʌȠıȩIJȘIJİȢȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
īȚĮȞĮȝȘȤĮșȠȪȞIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮijȣȜȐȟIJİIJĮıIJȠȞİȚįȚțȩȤȫȡȠʌȠȣȣʌȐȡȤİȚıIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢ
ȕȐıȘȢǼȚț
ƴdžǒǃǀǒdžǕdžǕǐDŽƽnjǂ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒIJȠȣʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
 ȇȓȟIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘıIJȐșȝȘʌȠȣıȘȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȘȖȡĮȝȝȠȪȜĮıİĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȓĮIJȘȢ
İʌȚȖȡĮijȒȢ0$;
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
0$;ȖȚĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜ
 ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
ƸǕǖǑƿǔǕdžNjǂNJLJdžǔǕƽǎdžǕdžǕǐDŽƽnjǂ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
 ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİȝȚĮijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚ-
țȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
 ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮțĮȚȞĮıȤȘȝĮIJȓȗİȚĮijȡȩ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪșĮȑȤİȚįȚȐȡțİȚĮʌİ-
ȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȩ
ǹȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȤȦȡȓȢıʌȚȡȐȜȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪșĮȑȤİȚįȚȐȡțİȚĮ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȐ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚ
IJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚȩıȠȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮIJȠȢțĮȣIJȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠ-
ıȓĮȢ
 ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
 ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮıIJȠijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚ
ȃıijȑijșȥȢȓIJșijșȣIJȤIJȜıȤȓȣȜįȚįȢȔIJijıįȞȒIJȧȣijȡİȡȥıȔȡȜįțijȡıȠȑȢijșȞįȬIJijıȟįȞșȟ
ȠıȢįȚıȔijȡȗȑȝįIJijȡıIJȧijıȢțȜȪijșȣ
100
EL
ƸǒƿǔLjNjǒǞǐǖDŽƽnjǂNjǕǐǓ
ǼȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞȞĮijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮțĮȚȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮīȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİĮʌĮȜȩ
ĮijȡȩȝİțĮȧȝȐțȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȠʌȦıįȒʌȠIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮȝİıʌȚȡȐȜ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%țĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩ-
ȜİʌIJĮʌİȡȓʌȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȐİȚIJȠȖȐȜĮǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠ
İȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİȝʌȜİȤȡȫȝĮ
ǶıIJİȡĮĮʌȩʌİȡȓʌȠȣȜİʌIJȩșĮıIJĮȝĮIJȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȖȚĮIJȘȞįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ĮijȡȠȪȖȐȜĮțIJȠȢĬĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢ
țĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%
ƦNJǂNjǝǙǕdžƿǐnjǐNjnjLjǒǟǔǕdžǑǒǝǚǒǂǕǐLJƾǔǕǂǍǂNjǂNJǕLjǎDžLjǍNJǐǖǒDŽǀǂǂǗǒǐǞ
DŽƽnjǂNjǕǐǓ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢțĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ%ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢıȕȒ-
ȞİȚ
īȚĮȞĮıȣȞİȤȓıİIJİȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJİțĮȚȞĮȤIJȣʌȐIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮʌĮIJȒıIJİȟĮȞȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢ
țĮʌȠȣIJıȓȞȠ
 ȖȚĮȜȓȖȠĮȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮțĮȚijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮ
 ȖȚĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȘȫȡĮĮȞİʌȚșȣȝİȓIJİțĮȚijIJȚȐȟİIJİĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȤȦȡȓȢȞĮȗİıIJȐȞİIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ƥƫƣƯƣƨƧƴƵƣƯƧƵƧƵƱƯƧƳƱ
ǵIJĮȞȗİıIJĮȓȞİIJĮȚIJȠȞİȡȩįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJĮįȪȠİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮȖȚĮIJȠțIJȪʌȘȝĮIJȠȣ
ȖȐȜĮIJȠȢǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ3Ȓ4
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȝİȞȦʌȩijȣıȚțȩȞİȡȩȝȑȤȡȚIJȘȞİʌȚșȣȝȘIJȒıIJȐșȝȘ
ȃșȟȤʍıȢȖıȔijıijșIJijȑȚȞșʍȡȤİıȔȥȟıțijȡIJșȞȑİț0$;ȞȒȗțIJijȡ
 ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
 ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮ
 ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ƥNJǂǎǂǃǒƽǔdžǕdžǕǐǎdžǒǝ
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİȝȚĮijȠȡȐIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&ǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȩțțȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ƥNJǂǎǂLJdžǔǕƽǎdžǕdžǕǐǎdžǒǝǔǕǐǖǓ&
 ȆĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&țĮȚțȡĮIJȒıIJİIJȠʌĮIJȘȝȑȞȠȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ʌİȡȓʌȠȣȝȑȤȡȚȢȩIJȠȣȘıȣıțİȣȒȞĮĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮȗİıIJĮȓȞİȚIJȠȞİȡȩǾıȣıțİȣȒĮȞȐȕİȚȉȠİȞįİȚ-
țIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣșĮĮȞȐȥİȚȝİțȓIJȡȚȞȠȤȡȫȝĮ
ǵIJĮȞIJȠȞİȡȩijIJȐıİȚıIJȘıȦıIJȒșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮĬĮ
ĮȡȤȓıİȚȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣʌȡȠİIJȠȚȝĮıȓĮȢȞİȡȠȪ&
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ȂȘȞĮȞȠȓȖİIJİIJȠțĮʌȐțȚIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣȩIJĮȞȕȡȐȗİȚIJȠȞİȡȩȀȓȞįȣȞȠȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȢȗİıIJȠȪȞİ-
ȡȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȚȞIJȘȞĮȞĮıȘțȫıİIJİĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠ-
ıȓĮȢ
 ǹȞĮıȘțȫıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȖȚĮĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȕȡĮıIJȒȡĮĮʌȩIJȘȞİȚįȚțȒȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠ
įȠȤİȓȠĮʌȩIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
101
EL
 ȈİȡȕȓȡİIJİIJȠȞİȡȩıIJĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȞİȡȩʌȠȣȑȤİȚȝİȓȞİȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
īȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮȕȡȐıİIJİȞİȡȩʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓȘįȚȐIJĮȟȘ
ȑȞĮȣıȘȢ
ǿʍįȢȡȤIJȔįIJijįȗȪȟȧȟȟıȢȡȫȜȑijȧįʍȪijȡİȡȥıȔȡıȔȟįțȜįȟȡȟțȜȓʍȢȪȜıțijįțȗțįIJȤȞʍȫ-
ȜȟȧȞį
ƲƺƴƯƣƴƤƩƴƧƵƧƵƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩ
ǹȞįİȞȑȤİȚʌĮIJȘșİȓțĮȞȑȞĮʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮȚȩȜĮIJĮİȞįİȚțIJȚțȐȜĮȝʌȐțȚĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȐȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚıȕȘıIJȒȃĮȕȖȐȗİIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣțĮȜȦįȓȠȣĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ƲǒǐǔǕǂǔǀǂǂǑǝǕLjǎǖǑdžǒljƾǒǍǂǎǔLj
ǹȞĮȞȐȥĮIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȤȦȡȓȢȖȐȜĮȒȞİȡȩȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮșĮıȕȒıİȚĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ȖȚĮʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮĮʌȩȣʌİȡșȑȡȝĮȞıȘīȚĮȞĮȟĮȞĮȕȡȐıİIJİȞİȡȩʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȖȚĮȜȓȖĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮ
ȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓȘįȚȐIJĮȟȘȑȞĮȣıȘȢ
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƱƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓLjnjdžNjǕǒǐǑnjLjǏǀǂǓ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘ-
ıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ƲǒǐǔǐǘƿƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓǖnjNJNjǟǎLJLjǍNJǟǎ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİ-
ȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞʌȜȑȞİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȠʌȜȣȞIJȒȡȚȠʌȚȐIJȦȞȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌİȣ-
șİȓĮȢİțIJȩȟİȣıȘȞİȡȠȪ
ȂȘȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮIJȘȢȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒȢ țĮijİIJȚȑȡĮȢȝȩțĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȖȚĮ
ĮijȡȩȖĮȜĮȒIJȘȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢǹȣIJȐIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞĮıİ
ȣȖȡĮıȓĮȉĮȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȪȠȞIJĮȚțĮȚĮʌȩʌȚșĮȞȑȢʌȚIJıȚȜȚȑȢȒ
ıIJĮȖȩȞİȢȞİȡȠȪ
īȚĮIJȘȞțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİțĮȞȑȞĮȤȘȝȚțȩĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩȒıijȠȣȖ-
ȖȐȡȚĮȝİIJȡĮȤȚȐİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ƲǒǐdžǀDžǐǑǐǀLjǔLjƬǀǎDžǖǎǐǓdžDŽNjǂǖǍƽǕǚǎ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣʌİȡȚȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚĮijȠȪ
ȑȤȠȣȞțȡȣȫıİȚȩȜİȢȠȚȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǃƽǔLjǓǕǒǐǗǐDžǐǔǀǂǓ
ǾȕȐıȘIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚ-
țȐıİıțȩȞȘȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐıțİȪȘ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿǓNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǓǍǝNjǂ
ȅȜȑȕȘIJĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮțĮșĮȡȚıIJİȓȝİȑȞĮȣȖȡȩʌĮȞȓȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȐıİıțȩȞȘ
ȒȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐıțİȪȘ
102
EL
ǵIJĮȞȕȖȐȗİIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ,țĮȚIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠ-ȖȚĮIJȚȢİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȒȖȚĮȞĮIJĮ
ĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİʌȡȠıȑȟIJİȞĮIJĮȟĮȞĮȕȐȜİIJİıȦıIJȐıIJȘșȑıȘIJȠȣȢȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİʌȚIJıȚȜȓıȝĮ-
IJĮȗİıIJȠȪȞİȡȠȪ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣįȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣįİȞİȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢțĮȚĮȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȓıIJİ
IJȚȢȝİȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚǼȚț
ǵIJĮȞȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮțĮȚIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞıȘȝȐįȚĮijșȠȡȐȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮșȓıIJĮ-
ȞIJĮȚȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȖȞȒıȚĮĮȞIJĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮĮȖȠȡȐıİIJİıIJĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ
țȑȞIJȡĮIJİȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢıȑȡȕȚȢ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǂnjƽǕǚǎǂǑǝǕǐnjƾǃLjǕǂ
ȂİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȝİIJȐĮʌȩʌȠȜȜȠȪȢțĮijȑįİȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİʌȚțĮșȒıȠȣȞȐȜĮIJĮıIJȠȞʌȣș-
ȝȑȞĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮĮȣIJȩșĮĮȣȟȒıİȚıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȤȡȩȞȠİțȡȠȒȢIJȠȣțĮijȑīȚĮȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİ
ĮȣIJȒIJȘȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮʌȡȑʌİȚțȐșİIJȩıȠȞĮİțIJİȜİȓIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞȋȡȘıȚȝȠ-
ʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮİȚįȚțȐʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐȖȚĮ
ʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪ
īȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
 ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȘțĮijİIJȚȑȡĮİȓȞĮȚțȡȪĮțĮȚȟİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȘȞ
 īİȝȓıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȝİIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘȢĮȜȐIJȦȞțĮȚʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȚıȒȫȡĮ
 ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢȑȤİIJİțȐȞİȚʌȜȒȡȘİıȦIJİȡȚțȩțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ǿıȢȗįIJȔįįȤijȓʍȢȒʍıțȟįıȜijıȝıIJijıȔȞıȜȢȫȡȝȒȖșijįȜįțȪȥțijȡʍȡȚıijșȞȒȟȡʍȑȟȧIJijșȖȑIJș
șȝıȜijȢțȜȓȣijȢȡĴȡİȡIJȔįȣ
 ǹijȠȪʌİȡȐıİȚȝȚıȒȫȡĮĮįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİʌȦȢĮijĮȚȡȑıĮIJİIJȘıIJȡȫıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞ
ĮʌȩIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮțĮȚıIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮȟİʌȜȪȞIJİIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮȂȘȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ıIJȠȞİȡȩ
 ĭIJȚȐȟIJİIJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞțĮijȑįİȢʌȠȣșĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİ
ǾİȖȖȪȘıȘįİȞțĮȜȪʌIJİȚIJȚȢȗȘȝȓİȢʌȠȣȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıİijȡĮȟȓȝĮIJĮĮʌȩȚȗȒȝĮIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȡȓ
ƬǂljǂǒNJǔǍǝǓǕLjǓǔǖǔNjdžǖƿǓDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
ȃıijȑįʍȪȜȑȚıİțįİțȜįIJȔįȚȒȢȞįȟIJșȣȗțįijșȟİșȞțȡȤȢȗȔįįĴȢȡȫȗȑȝįȜijȡȣȜįȚįȢȔIJijıįȞȒ-
IJȧȣijȡİȡȥıȔȡʍȢȡȜıțȞȒȟȡȤȟįȞșȟȠıȢįȚıȔijȡȗȑȝįȞȒIJįIJijȡİȡȥıȔȡ
 ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
 ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
 ȆȜȪȞIJİȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚȑȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞIJȠțĮʌȐțȚ2țĮȚIJĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮ43
 ȆȜȪȞIJİȝȩȞȠIJȠİıȦIJİȡȚțȩȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ5ȝİȗİıIJȩȞİȡȩțĮȚȑȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȣʌĮȞIJȚțȩʌȚȐIJȦȞ
 ȈIJİȖȞȫıIJİțĮȜȐȩȜĮIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠıȤȘ-
ȝĮIJȚıȝȩȜİțȑįȦȞ
ƣǗǂǀǒdžǔLjǂnjƽǕǚǎǂǑǝǕǐDžǐǘdžǀǐ
ǾIJĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚȩIJȘIJĮįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJȘȝȘȤĮȞȒıİțĮȜȒțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖĮȜȪIJİ-
ȡȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮȝİȚȫȞȠȞIJĮȢıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȐIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠıȤȘȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪĮȜȐIJȦȞıIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǹȞ
ȩȝȦȢȝİIJȘȞʌȐȡȠįȠIJȠȣȤȡȩȞȠȣȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐıİȚțȐʌȠȚİȢĮȞȦȝĮȜȓİȢ
İȟĮȚIJȓĮȢIJȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮıțȜȘȡȠȪȞİȡȠȪȝİȝİȖȐȜȘʌİȡȚİțIJȚțȩIJȘIJĮĮȜȐIJȦȞȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮ
ʌȡȠȕİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȒIJȠȣȢȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠțĮIJĮıIJȒıİIJİIJȘȞțĮȞȠȞȚțȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒ-
ıIJİIJĮİȚįȚțȐʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮȖȚĮIJȘȞĮijĮȓȡİıȘĮȜȐIJȦȞʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȕȡİȓIJİıIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐȖȚĮʌĮȡȐ-
įİȚȖȝĮțȚIJȡȚțȩȠȟȪ
103
EL
ƣƸƳƩƴƵƧƶƴƩƴƶƴƬƧƶƩƴ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘșȑıȘȢİțIJȩȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞĮʌȠıȣȞįȑıİIJİȘȜİțIJȡȚțȐ
ȀȩȥIJİIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚȐȜȣıȘȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȟİȤȦȡȓıİIJİIJĮįȚȐijȠȡĮȣȜȚțȐțĮIJĮıțİȣȒȢıȪȝ-
ijȦȞĮȝİIJȘȞıȪȞșİıȒIJȠȣȢțĮȚIJȚȢȚıȤȪȠȣıİȢįȚĮIJȐȟİȚȢıIJȘȋȫȡĮıĮȢ
ƲƺƴƯƣƣƲƱƬƣƵƣƴƵƩƴƧƵƧƵƫƴƲƣƳƣƬƣƵƺƣƯƺƮƣƭƫƧƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȚțȫȞĮȞȦȝĮȜȚȫȞıȕȒıIJİĮȝȑıȦȢIJȘıȣıțİȣȒǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȖȐȞIJȚĮȒ
ʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȖȚĮȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠȞțȓȞįȣȞȠİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ƥNJǂǕLjǎLjnjdžNjǕǒNJNjƿNjǂǗdžǕNJƾǒǂǍǝNjǂ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢįİȞİțȡȑİȚ DzȜȜİȚȥȘȞİȡȠȪıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
IJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ǼțȡȠȒțĮijȑĮʌȩIJȠ
ȤİȓȜȠȢIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ȆȚșĮȞȩȞıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȑȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚ
ȝİȖȐȜȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıİ
ıțȩȞȘʌȠȣıĮȢİȝʌȩįȚıİȞĮ
ȕȚįȫıİIJİİʌĮȡțȫȢIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ıIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪIJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑ
ȆȐȞȦıIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ
ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞțĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮȝİȝȚĮȠįȠȞIJȠȖȜȣijȓįĮȒȝİ
ȑȞĮıijȠȣȖȖĮȡȐțȚ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ-
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓıIJİ
ȖȐȞIJȚĮȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚ
ȒȝȚĮțĮȡijȓIJıĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ǾijȜȐȞIJȗĮİȓȞĮȚțȠȝȝȑȞȘȒ
țĮȝȑȞȘ
ǹȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİIJȘijȜȐȞIJȗĮ
ǾțĮȡȐijĮįİȞİȓȞĮȚțĮȜȐ
ȕȚįȦȝȑȞȘıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ǺȚįȫıIJİțĮȜȐIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮȂȘ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘȤİȚȡȠȜĮȕȒȖȚĮȞĮȕȚįȫıİIJİIJȘȞ
țĮȡȐijĮ
ǻİȞȕȖĮȓȞİȚțĮijȑȢȒ
ȕȖĮȓȞİȚʌȠȜȪĮȡȖȐ
ǼȓȞĮȚijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠȚȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣ-
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓıIJİ
ȖȐȞIJȚĮȒʌİIJıȑIJİȢțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȄİȕȚįȫıIJİIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ĮʌȩIJȘȞțĮȡȐijĮȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȕȠȣȡIJıȐțȚ
ȒȝȚĮțĮȡijȓIJıĮțĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȚȢijȡĮȖȝȑȞİȢȠʌȑȢIJȠȣ
įȚıțȠİȚįȠȪȢijȓȜIJȡȠȣǼȚț
ȆȠȜȪȜİʌIJȩȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
ĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȣțĮijȑ
ǻȠțȚȝȐıIJİȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȤĮȡȝȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȤȠȞIJȡȩIJİȡȠȣȢțȩțțȠȣȢ
ȆȠȜȪʌȚİıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
țĮijȑ
ǺȐȜIJİȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮțĮijȑıIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪ
DzȤȠȣȞİʌȚțĮșȒıİȚȐȜĮIJĮ
ıIJȠȞʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣȜȑȕȘIJĮ
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJĮȐȜĮIJĮȩʌȦȢʌİȡȚȖȡȐijİIJĮȚıIJȘȞ
ʌĮȡȐȖȡĮijȠ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢª
104
EL
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ȅțĮijȑȢİȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪțȡȪȠȢȒʌȠȜȪ
³ȞİȡȠȣȜȩȢ´
ȋȠȞIJȡĮȜİıȝȑȞȠȢțĮijȑȢ īȚĮȞĮİʌȚIJȪȤİIJİʌȣțȞȩIJİȡȠțĮȚʌȚȠȗİıIJȩțĮijȑ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİȑȞĮʌȚȠȥȚȜȠțȠȝȝȑȞȠ
ȤĮȡȝȐȞȚ
DzȤİIJİȕȐȜİȚȣʌİȡȕȠȜȚțȒ
ʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȕȐȗȠȞIJĮȢıIJȠȜȑȕȘIJĮ
IJȘıȦıIJȒʌȠıȩIJȘIJĮȞİȡȠȪȂȑȤȡȚIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢ
ȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠijȓȜIJȡȠ
ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢȤȦȞȚȠȪȖȚĮIJȑııİȡĮijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑ
ȀȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȘıIJȐșȝȘIJȘȢȕĮȜȕȓįĮȢĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
ĮȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȠįȚıțȠİȚįȑȢijȓȜIJȡȠȖȚĮįȪȠ
ijȜȚIJȗȐȞȚĮțĮijȑǼȚț
ƥNJǂǕLjǔǖǔNjdžǖƿDŽNJǂǂǗǒǝDŽǂnjǂǃǒǂǔǕƿǒǂ
ȆȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȚIJȓİȢ ǻȚȠȡșȦIJȚțȑȢİʌİȝȕȐıİȚȢ
ǾįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ
șȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚ
įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪ
ıIJĮȝĮIJȐİȚʌȡȩȦȡĮ
ȄİțȚȞȒıĮIJİȝȚĮįİȪIJİȡȘ
įȚİȡȖĮıȓĮșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢțĮȚ
įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢĮijȡȠȪİȞȫȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒȒIJĮȞĮțȩȝĮȗİıIJȒ
ȆİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȝȑȤȡȚȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȉȠİȞįİȚțIJȚțȩ
ȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ijȦIJȓȗİIJĮȚȝʌȜİ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒİȓȞĮȚ
ȣʌİȡijȠȡIJȚıȝȑȞȘ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİȜȓȖȠ
ȖȐȜĮĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠțĮȚȟĮȞĮșȑıIJİıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚʌȠIJȑȞĮȟİʌİȡȞȐIJİIJȘȞ
ȑȞįİȚȟȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ0$;
ȉȠȖȐȜĮ
ȗİıIJȐșȘțİĮȜȜȐ
įİįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒșȘțİ
ĮijȡȩȢ
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ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
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ȑȞįİȚȟȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘȢıIJȐșȝȘȢ0$;
ȉȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮįİȞİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȐ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘȝȑȞȠıIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ
IJȠȣʌȣșȝȑȞĮIJȠȣįȠȤİȓȠȣ
ǺȖȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩIJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮǹįİȚȐıIJİIJȠȖȐȜĮ
ĮʌȩIJȠįȠȤİȓȠȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİıȦıIJȐIJȠİȟȐȡIJȘȝĮ
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ȀȜİȓıIJİțĮȜȐIJȠțĮʌȐțȚıIJȠįȠȤİȓȠ
105
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ǿǼDzdzǾǴǮǻǶdzDzǮǻǻǼǷǶǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǶǶ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɵɥɨɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɜɩɨɥɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹɦɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɪɦɢɜɫɟɟɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɨɣɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢɦɟɪɚɦɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɬɪɚɜɦɢɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɨɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ-
ɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɭɸɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟȿɫɥɢɜɵɪɟɲɢɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɞɪɭɝɢɟɪɭɤɢɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɧɢɦɢɷɬɭɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɖ ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ
ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯ ɢ
ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɬɨɤɨɦ
ɍɝɪɨɡɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɚɹɢɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɆȿɊɕ ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɳɟɪɛɟ
Ɇɟɪɵɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɳɟɪɛɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɬɪɚɜɦɚɯɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɳɟɪɛɟ
ǻǮǵǻǮȅdzǻǶdzȁǿȀǾǼǷǿȀǰǮ
 ȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɷɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɩɨɞɨɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣɩɟɧɵɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɥɸɛɵɯɞɪɭɝɢɯɜɢɞɨɜɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɬɜɟɪɞɵɯɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
 ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɥɢɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɥɹɯ
 ɗɬɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɢɥɢ
ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɫɧɢɦɢɤɚɤɬɨ
 ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɨɜɨɮɢɫɨɜɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɨɬ-
ɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ
 ɧɚɮɟɪɦɚɯ
 ɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɦɨɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɠɢɥɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
 ɜɦɟɫɬɚɯɬɢɩɚɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
 Ʌɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨ-
ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɟɝɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ-
ɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɩɨ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɜɥɟɱɟɬɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɦɟɧɭɥɸɛɨɣɮɨɪɦɵɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
106
RU
ǼǿȀǮȀǼȅǻȉdzǾǶǿǸǶ
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣɢɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚɡɚɳɢɬɚɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɨɬɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢȾɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪ
ɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɪɢɫɤɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜɨɬɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵɢɩɚɪɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɩɨ-
ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɢɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɤɢɩɹɳɟɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɟɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
Ƚɟɣɡɟɪɧɚɹɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɞɨɥɠɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɦɟɫɬɟɫ
ɛɚɡɨɣɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭ
ɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɥɢɝɚɡɨɜɨɣɩɥɢɬɟ
ǽǾǮǰǶǹǮȀdzȃǻǶǸǶǯdzǵǼǽǮǿǻǼǿȀǶ
ɊɀɋɀȿɊɀɋȽɖɇɃɌɊɉɆɗɂɉȽȻɈɃɀɇɊɋɃȼɉɋȻɈɀɉȼɐɉȿɃɇɉȽɈɃɇȻ-
ɍɀɆɗɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɍɗɈȻɌɍɉɚɔɎəɃɈɌɍɋɎɅɑɃə
 Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɬɤɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɟɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɩɪɢɟɝɨɨɬɫɵɥɤɟɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɐɟɧɬɪɫɟɪ-
ɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
 ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (& ʋ  ɨɬ
ɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɫɩɢɳɟɜɵɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȒșȭȒȓȠȓȗ
 ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɢɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨ-
ɬɪɨɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɥɢɟɫɥɢɢɦɛɵɥɢɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɢɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɵɪɢɫɤɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
 ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɵɞɟɬɹɦɧɟɦɥɚɞɲɟ
ɥɟɬɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɢɝɪɞɟɬɟɣɫɩɪɢɛɨ-
ɪɨɦ
 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɲɧɭɪɞɨɥɠɟɧɜɫɟɝɞɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɧɟɡɨɧɵɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɥɟɬ
 ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɬɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜ
ɦɟɫɬɚɯɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
 ɉɨɫɥɟɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɫɪɨɤɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜɰɟɥɹɯɟɝɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɞɟɥɚɜɩɪɢ-
107
RU
ɛɨɪɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨ-
ɛɵɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɫɬɚɥɢɢɝɪɭɲɤɨɣɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ
ǼȝȎȟțȜȟȠȪȝȜȞȎȔȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȖȚȠȜȘȜȚ
 ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɥɢɰɚɦɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ-
ɦɢɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɢɥɢɧɟɩɪɨɛɨ-
ɜɚɜɲɢɦɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɢɩɨɞ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɧɢɯɥɢɰɚɢɩɨɫɥɟɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɫɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɚɦɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯɨɬ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
 ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨ-
ɜɟɪɢɬɶɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɜɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɫɟɬɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭɧɚɢɧ-
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣɤɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɭ
 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɜɥɟɱɶɡɚɫɨɛɨɣɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɭɳɟɪɛɚɢɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
 Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɫɟɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɜɧɟɲɧɢɣɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɭɫɬɪɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚɫɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
 ȿɫɥɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɬɨɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɪɢɫɤɨɜɨɧ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɥɢɛɨɫɚɦɢɦɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɥɢɛɨɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ
ɐɟɧɬɪɟɈɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɥɢɛɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ
 ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɫɜɨɞɨɣɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɜɨɡ-
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ
 ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɧɭɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
 ɇɟɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɜɨɞɭɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȁȑȞȜȕȎȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȡȧȓȞȏȎȐȩȕȐȎțțȎȭȖțȩȚȖ
ȝȞȖȥȖțȎȚȖ
 Ⱦɥɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟɯɨ-
ɪɨɲɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟɢɱɢɫɬɨɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣɪɚɫ-
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɦɟɫɬɟ
 ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɭɩɚɥ ɢɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɹɜɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɥɢɛɨɟɫɥɢɢɡɧɟɝɨɤɚɩɚɟɬɜɨɞɚɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɟɜɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɫɞɟɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ
 ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɥɸɛɨɝɨɪɢɫɤɚɜɫɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɵɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɡɚɦɟɧɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɩɢɬɚ-
ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹɧɟɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɋɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɫɹɤɚɹɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ
108
RU
ǺȓȞȩȏȓȕȜȝȎȟțȜȟȠȖȝȜȝȞȓȒȜȠȐȞȎȧȓțȖȬȜȔȜȑȜȐ
 ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɱɚɫɬɹɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɵɢ
ɫɪɚɡɭɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɇɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɢɥɢɬɪɹɩɤɢ
 ɋɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɛɚɡɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨɡɚ-
ɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
 ɉɨɞɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɪɠɚɢɯɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭ
 ɉɟɪɟɞɱɢɫɬɤɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɤɚɤɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɟɝɨɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɶ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓȐȜȕȚȜȔțȜȟȠȪȐȜȕțȖȘțȜȐȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪ-
țȜȑȜȡȧȓȞȏȎ
 ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɟɝɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ-
ɝɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
 Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɟɝɨ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨɨɝɧɹɜɰɟɥɹɯɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɹɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
 Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɦ-
ɩɥɟɤɬɚɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɋɥɟɞɢɬɶɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɛɚɡɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɛɵɥɚɜɱɢɫɬɨɦɢɫɭɯɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
 ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɦɢɱɚɫɬɹ-
ɦɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
 ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɫɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ
 ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
 ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɞɨɠɞɶɫɨɥɧɰɟɢɬɞ
ȼɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫȿɜɪɨ-
ɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ (8 ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ
ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣɤɩɪɢɛɨɪɭ
ȃǾǮǻǶȀȊ ǻǮǿȀǼȍȇdzdz ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼ ǽǼ ȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮ-
ȄǶǶ
ǼǽǶǿǮǻǶdzǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɛɚɡɵɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɢɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ-
ɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
$Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ
%Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ
&Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
'Ȼɚɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
109
RU
ȅȎȟȠȖȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȗȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
(ɉɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
)Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɤɥɚɩɚɧ
*Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢ
+Ⱦɢɫɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɞɜɭɯɱɚɲɟɤ
, ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
- Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ
.Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
/ Ɉɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɜɵɯɨɞɚɤɨɮɟ
0Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
1Ɋɭɱɤɚ
ȅȎȟȠȖȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
2Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ
3ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
4ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
5ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɥɶɞɚ
6Ɋɭɱɤɚ
7ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɭɪɨɜɧɹ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
U - Ⱦɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ǶȒȓțȠȖȢȖȘȎȤȖȜțțȩȓȒȎțțȩȓ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɞɛɚɡɨɣɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɜɫɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢ-
ɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
 ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɢɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚȿɋ
 ɦɨɞɟɥɶɆɨɞ
 ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣʋ61
 ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟȼɢɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ:
 ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɚɹɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚɬɟɯɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɉɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɶɦɨ-
ɞɟɥɶɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
110
RU
ǽǼDzDZǼȀǼǰǶȀdzǹȊǻȉdzȂǮǵȉǽdzǾdzDzǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮǻǶdzǺ
ǽȜȒȑȜȠȜȐȘȎȘȫȘȟȝșȡȎȠȎȤȖȖ
Ɏɜɠɟɣɭɠɬɷɝɭɩɧɲɭɩɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɠɝɛɳɠɤɟɩɧɛɳɨɠɤɬɠɭɣɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɠɭɨɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɣɹ
ɮɥɛɢɛɨɨɩɧɮɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɥɠɬɭɠɰɨɣɲɠɬɥɣɧɣɟɛɨɨɶɧɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ
 ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɜɫɟɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
 ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɫɥɟɞɭɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
 Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɬɨɛɵɞɟɬɹɦɛɵɥɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟɱɚɫɬɢɩɪɢ-
ɛɨɪɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɛɚɡɭɧɚɪɨɜɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɞɚɥɟɤɟɨɬɤɪɚɧɨɜɫɜɨɞɨɣɢɪɚɤɨɜɢɧ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀǼǰǹdzǻǶdzǸǼȂdz
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɩɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɜɨɞɨɣɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɫɧɹɬɨɦɫ
ɛɚɡɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɜɨɞɚɧɟɩɨɩɚɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɧɚɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɝɨɪɹɱɭɸɢɥɢɤɢɩɹɳɭɸɜɨɞɭ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚ
ɇɟɡɚɫɵɩɚɣɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɬɨɥɶɤɨɦɨɥɨɬɵɣɤɨɮɟɢɧɢɱɟɝɨɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪ-
ɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɹɱɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɣɦɣɪɩɬɦɠɟɩɦɞɩɪɫɩɬɭɛɣɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺ
ɪɫɩɪɮɬɭɣɭɷɲɠɫɠɢɨɠɞɩɰɩɭɺɜɶɩɟɨɮɪɩɫɱɣɹɥɩɯɠȽɶɧɩɤɭɠɣɝɶɭɫɣɭɠɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɣ
ɩɬɭɛɦɷɨɶɠɛɥɬɠɬɬɮɛɫɶɈɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɣɦɣɜɛɢɮɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɧɶɭɷɨɠɦɷɢɺ
 ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɨɫɬɵɥɚ
 ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɫɛɚɡɵ
 Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ(ɨɞɧɨɣɪɭɤɨɣɢɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɬɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɣɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ.ɩɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɸɩɪɨɬɢɜɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ
 ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*
 ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɜɨɞɨɣɞɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɢɞɟɧ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɊɢɫɍɪɨɜɟɧɶɜɨɞɵɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɜɵɲɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚ-
ɩɚɧɚ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
 ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɨɥɨɬɵɦɤɨɮɟɧɟɭɬɪɚɦɛɨɜɵɜɚɹɟɝɨɉɨɞɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɨɮɟ
ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɹɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɊɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɤɨɮɟɜɧɭ-
ɬɪɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɚɡɚɬɟɦɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɟɝɨɢɡɥɢɲɤɢɫɤɪɚɟɜ
ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɭɷɥɩɯɠɰɩɫɩɳɠɞɩɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɛɬɫɠɟɨɠɞɩɪɩɧɩɦɛɪɫɠɟɨɛɢɨɛ-
ɲɠɨɨɶɤɟɦɺɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɶɰɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɩɥ
111
RU
ɂɛɬɶɪɛɨɣɠɬɦɣɳɥɩɧɜɩɦɷɳɩɞɩɥɩɦɣɲɠɬɭɝɛɥɩɯɠɝɯɣɦɷɭɫɝɩɫɩɨɥɮ*ɧɩɡɠɭɪɫɣɝɠ-
ɬɭɣɥɭɩɧɮɲɭɩɜɮɟɠɭɭɫɮɟɨɩɪɦɩɭɨɩɪɫɣɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫ(ɥɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɹ.Ƚɩ
ɝɫɠɧɺɝɶɰɩɟɛɥɩɯɠɝɩɢɧɩɡɨɶɬɦɮɲɛɣɪɩɟɭɠɥɛɨɣɺɝɩɟɶɣɢɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɺɅɩɯɠɧɩɡɠɭ
ɝɶɭɠɥɛɭɷɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ɂɚɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɩɥɨɬɧɟɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɧɨɛɟɡɭɫɢɥɢɹɇɟɨɩɢɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɤɪɵɲɤɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ
 ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɛɚɡɭ'Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ$ɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢ-
ɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɦɢɧɭɬɤɨɮɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɶɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɧɟɜɵɣɞɟɬɜɟɫɶɤɨɮɟɋɜɟ-
ɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟ$ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɱɚɣɧɭɸɥɨɠɤɭɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɹɟɝɨɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
Ɋɚɡɥɟɣɬɟɤɨɮɟɩɨɱɚɲɤɚɦ
Ɋɩɟɩɡɟɣɭɠɪɩɥɛɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɥɛɩɬɭɶɨɠɭɪɠɫɠɟɭɠɧɥɛɥɩɭɥɫɮɭɣɭɷɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɷɟɦɺɪɫɣ-
ɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɺɨɩɝɩɤɪɩɫɱɣɣɥɩɯɠȽɥɛɲɠɬɭɝɠɛɦɷɭɠɫɨɛɭɣɝɶɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɮɤɭɠɝɛɫɠɡɥɣɣɦɣ
ɪɫɣɰɝɛɭɥɣɝɩɣɢɜɠɡɛɨɣɠɫɣɬɥɛɪɩɦɮɲɠɨɣɺɩɡɩɞɩɝ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɩɪɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɧɢɠɟ&ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɜɨɞɵɦɨɝɭɬɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶɢɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǸȜȢȓțȎȒȐȓȥȎȦȘȖ
 ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ(ɜɨɞɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭɊɢɫɧɟɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɹɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚI
 ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*ɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
 Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɮɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɞɢɫɤɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ + ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɮɢɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɱɚɲɤɢɊɢɫ
 Ⱦɚɥɟɟɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɡɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɮɟ
Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɩɤɭɩɞɩɲɭɩɥɩɯɠɨɠ ɝɶɰɩɟɣɭɧɩɡɠɭ ɜɶɭɷɢɛɬɩɫɠɨɣɠ ɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɉɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɠ
ɪɩɟɛɲɮɥɩɯɠɣɪɩɟɩɡɟɣɭɠɪɩɥɛɪɫɣɜɩɫɩɬɭɶɨɠɭɊɩɲɣɬɭɣɭɷɟɠɫɡɛɭɠɦɷɯɣɦɷɭɫɛɫɮɥɩ-
ɝɩɟɬɭɝɮɺɬɷɣɨɬɭɫɮɥɱɣɺɧɣɣɢɦɩɡɠɨɨɶɧɣɝɬɩɩɭɝɠɭɬɭɝɮɹɴɠɧɫɛɢɟɠɦɠ
ȂȡțȘȤȖȭȝȜȒȒȓȞȔȎțȖȭȠȓȝșȎ
ȿɫɥɢɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɸɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɛɚɡɟɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɗɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɤɨɮɟɬɟɩɥɵɦɎɭɤɧɰɢɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɢ-
ɧɭɬ
112
RU
ǸǮǸǶǿǽǼǹȊǵǼǰǮȀȊǸǮǽȁȅǶǻǮȀǼǾȋǹdzǸȀǾǶȅdzǿǸǶǷȅǮǷǻǶǸ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸɢɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɸɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢɫɧɹɬɨɦɫɛɚɡɵɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɨɬɦɟɬɤɢɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ0,10$;ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɜɧɭ-
ɬɪɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚȾɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɞɧɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɜɫɟɝɞɚɩɨɤɪɵɬɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ
ɢɥɢɜɨɞɨɣɉɪɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɦɨɠɟɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟ-
ɜɚɬɶɫɹɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɵɲɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɜɵɬɟɤɚɧɢɸ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦɦɨɥɨ-
ɤɨɦɢɥɢɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɩɭɫɬɵɦɢɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɬɟɩɥɨɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɢɥɢɬɟɩɥɭɸɜɨɞɭ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɝɩɧɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɣɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɪɫɩɥɣɪɺɭɣɭɷɝɨɠɧɨɠɧɨɩɞɩɝɩɟɶ
ɉɪɩɫɩɡɨɣɭɠɣɬɪɩɦɩɬɨɣɭɠɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɊɩɝɭɩɫɣɭɷɸɭɮɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɹɟɝɛɣɦɣɭɫɣɫɛɢɛ
Ƚɩɝɫɠɧɺɪɠɫɝɩɞɩɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɧɩɡɠɭɪɩɺɝɣɭɷɬɺɦɠɞɥɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɀɞɩɪɫɣɲɣ-
ɨɩɤɺɝɦɺɠɭɬɺɣɬɪɛɫɠɨɣɠɬɧɛɢɥɣɨɠɥɩɭɩɫɶɰɟɠɭɛɦɠɤɪɫɣɜɩɫɛɘɭɩɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɨɠɟɩɦɡɨɩ
ɝɶɢɶɝɛɭɷɜɠɬɪɩɥɩɤɬɭɝɩɣɬɥɩɫɩɣɬɲɠɢɨɠɭ
Ƚɩɢɧɩɡɨɩɬɭɷɩɟɨɩɝɫɠɧɠɨɨɩɤɫɛɜɩɭɶɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɩɤɥɩɯɠɝɛɫɥɣɣɥɛɪɮɲɣɨɛɭɩɫɛɸɦɠɥɭɫɣ-
ɲɠɬɥɩɞɩɲɛɤɨɣɥɛ
ǸǮǸǰǿǽdzǻǶȀȊǺǼǹǼǸǼ
ǰȩȏȓȞȖȠȓȐȟȠȎȐȘȡ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɩɟɧɵɢɥɢɜɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɨɡɶɦɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɢɫɶɢɯɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɢɧɚɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɪɵɲɤɢɊɢɫ
ǻȎșȓȗȠȓȚȜșȜȘȜ
 ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɫɨɨɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɜɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɞɧɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
113
RU
 ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɟ0$;
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
0$;ɞɥɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢ
 ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
ǰȕȏȓȗȠȓȖȝȜȒȜȑȞȓȗȠȓȚȜșȜȘȜ
 ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɛɚɡɭ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
 ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ%ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
 ɉɪɢɛɨɪɧɚɱɧɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɬɶɩɟɧɭ
ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɞɥɢɬɫɹɨɤɨɥɨɦɢ-
ɧɭɬ
ɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɢɪɚɥɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɞɥɢɬɫɹɨɤɨɥɨɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɢ ɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɤɢɩɹ-
ɳɟɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɟɝɨɫɛɚɡɵ
 Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵ
 ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɱɚɲɤɭ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɣɬɪɩɦɷɢɩɝɛɨɣɺɪɫɣɜɩɫɛ ɨɠɧɠɟɦɠɨɨɩɪɩɧɩɤɭɠ ɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɣ ɝɬɭɛɝɥɮɬɦɠɟɺ ɢɛ
ɭɠɧɲɭɩɜɶɧɩɦɩɥɩɨɠɢɛɬɶɰɛɦɩɝɨɮɭɫɣ
ǰȕȏȖȐȎțȖȭȣȜșȜȒțȜȑȜȚȜșȜȘȎ
ɌɚɤɠɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɛɟɡɟɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚȾɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɦɹɝɤɨɣɢɧɟɠɧɨɣɩɟɧɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɫɨɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
 ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɢɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɟɟɜɧɚɠɚɬɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹ-
ɧɢɢɨɤɨɥɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɜɩɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹɝɨɥɭɛɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɦɢɧɭɬɵɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹɋɜɟ-
ɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȞȩȐȎțȖȓȖșȖȕȎȐȓȞȦȓțȖȓȞȎțȪȦȓȟȞȜȘȎȝȞȜȤȓȟȟȎțȎȑȞȓȐȎțȖȭȖ
ȐȕȏȖȐȎțȖȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
 ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ%ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹɟɳɟɪɚɡɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɨ
 ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɫɥɢɯɨɬɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɬɶɢɥɢɜɡɛɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨ
114
RU
 ɞɨɥɝɨɟɫɥɢɯɨɬɢɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɡɛɢɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɨɛɟɡɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ǸǮǸǽǼDzǼDZǾdzȀȊǰǼDzȁ
 ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɡɩɨɞɤɪɚɧɚɞɨɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɂɛɪɫɠɴɛɠɭɬɺɪɫɠɝɶɳɛɭɷɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɶɤɮɫɩɝɠɨɷ
 ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
 ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɛɚɡɭ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ǸȎȘȐȟȘȖȝȭȠȖȠȪȐȜȒȡ
 ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɡɚɤɨɝɪɢɬɫɹɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɰɜɟɬɨɦ
ǸȎȘȝȜȒȜȑȞȓȠȪȐȜȒȡȒȜ&
 ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɢɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɟɟɜɧɚɠɚɬɨɣɨɤɨɥɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪ
ɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɧɚɱɧɟɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɜɨɞɭɉɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɝɨɪɢɬ-
ɫɹɠɟɥɬɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɜɨɞɚɧɚɝɪɟɟɬɫɹɞɨɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɋɜɟɬɨ-
ɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵ&ɧɚɱɧɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
ɇɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɢɩɹɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɈɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟ-
ɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹɩɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɫɧɢɦɚɬɶɟɝɨɫɛɚɡɵ
 Ⱦɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɱɚɣɧɢɤɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɚɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɪɭɱɤɭɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵ
 ɇɚɥɢɬɶɜɨɞɭɜɱɚɲɤɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɵɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɚɜɲɭɸɫɹɜɱɚɣɧɢɤɟɜɨɞɭ
ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɝɥɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɬɭɝɣɠɥɛɪɠɦɠɥɝɩɟɶɪɩɟɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɩɧɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɠɺɝɦɠɨɣɠɸɭɩ
ɭɩɦɷɥɩɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ǸǮǸǰȉǸǹȌȅǶȀȊǽǾǶǯǼǾ
ȿɫɥɢɧɟɛɵɥɚɧɚɠɚɬɚɧɢɨɞɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɢɧɟɝɨɪɢɬɧɢɨɞɢɧɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɧɚɱɢɬɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶɲɧɭɪɢɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǵȎȧȖȠȎȜȠȝȓȞȓȑȞȓȐȎ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɨɦɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɢɥɢɜɨɞɵɬɨɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɨɧɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɫɚɦɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɹɹɫɟɛɹɨɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɧɚɱɚɬɶɧɨɜɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɤɢɩɹɱɟɧɢɹɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɞɢɦɨɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɟɤɭɧɞɱɬɨɛɵɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɥɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
115
RU
ǼȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǯǼǾǮ
ǼȟȠȜȞȜȔțȜǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȫșȓȘȠȞȜȠȞȎȐȚȩ
Ʌɸɛɵɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɨɥɧɨɦɟɝɨɜɵ-
ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȞȖȥȖțȓțȖȭȚȎȠȓȞȖȎșȪțȜȑȜȐȞȓȒȎ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚ-
ɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɵɬɶɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɟ ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɹɦɵɟɫɬɪɭɢɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨɣɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɤɚɩɭɱɢɧɚɬɨɪɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɢɥɢɛɚɡɵɫɜɨɞɨɣɇɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɜɨɡ-
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢɈɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟɡɚɳɢɬɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɨɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹɧɚɧɢɯɛɪɵɡɝɜɨɞɵ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɥɸɛɵɯɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɯɢɥɢɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ǽȞȓȒȡȝȞȓȔȒȓțȖȓǾȖȟȘȝȜșȡȥȓțȖȭȜȔȜȑȜȐ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȏȎȕȩȝȞȖȏȜȞȎ
Ȼɚɡɭɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɇɟɫɬɨɢɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟɦɨɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɦɨɠɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣɬɤɚɧɢɇɟɫɬɨɢɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟ
ɦɨɸɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɥɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
Ʉɨɝɞɚɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɟɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭ,ɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɣɮɢɥɶɬɪ-ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɡɚɦɟɧɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɩɨ-
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɱɬɨɜɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɢɯɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɪɵɡɝɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɜɨɞɵ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟɡɚɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɧɟɡɚɫɨɪɹɥɢɫɶɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɱɢ-
ɳɚɣɬɟɢɯɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɊɢɫ
ȿɫɥɢɧɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɥɶɰɟɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢɢɡɧɨɫɚɢɥɢɩɨ-
ɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎȖȕțȎȑȞȓȐȎȠȓșȭ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɩɨɫɥɟɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɮɟɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɥɟɬɚɷɬɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɭɜɟ-
ɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɮɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɭɞɚɥɹɬɶɧɚɥɟɬɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɊɟɤɨ-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɢɦɨɧɧɭɸɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ
Ⱦɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
 ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚɨɫɬɵɥɚɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɪɚɡɜɢɧɢɬɟɟɟ
116
RU
 ɇɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɥɱɚɫɚ
 ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɥɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȿɛɨɨɛɺɩɪɠɫɛɱɣɺɟɩɦɡɨɛɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺɭɩɦɷɥɩɪɫɣɬɩɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɧɬɨɺɭɩɧɬ
ɜɛɢɶɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɭɠɦɠ
 ɑɟɪɟɡɩɨɥɱɚɫɚɭɞɚɥɢɬɟɢɡɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɧɚɞɧɟ
ɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶɧɚɥɟɬɚɡɚɬɟɦɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɢɡɧɭɬɪɢɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɜɜɨɞɭ
 ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɚɪɚɣɧɟɣɦɟɪɟɬɪɢɤɨɮɟɢɜɵɥɟɣɬɟɟɝɨ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɹɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɧɚɤɢɩɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
Ɋɩɬɦɠɥɛɡɟɩɞɩɪɫɩɱɠɬɬɛɨɛɞɫɠɝɛɨɣɺɣɝɢɜɣɝɛɨɣɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɨɠɩɜɰɩɟɣɧɩɬɫɛɢɮɡɠɪɫɩɣɢ-
ɝɠɬɭɣɲɣɬɭɥɮɠɧɥɩɬɭɣɝɩɣɢɜɠɡɛɨɣɠɢɛɬɶɰɛɨɣɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɝɨɮɭɫɣɨɠɞɩ
 Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
 ɂɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɢɡɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
 ɉɨɦɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭ2ɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ43ɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɫɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɦɵɬɶɹɩɨɫɭɞɵ
 Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɦɵɬɶɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ5ɬɟɩɥɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɨɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɫɬɨɪɨ-
ɧɵɫɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɵɯɦɚɲɢɧ
 Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɶɜɫɟɱɚɫɬɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɩɹɬɟɧ
ȁȒȎșȓțȖȓȖȕȐȓȟȠȘȜȐȜȑȜțȎșȓȠȎȖȕȞȓȕȓȞȐȡȎȞȎ
ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɩɪɚɜɢɥɩɨɭɯɨɞɭɢɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɫɜɟɫɬɢɞɨ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚɪɢɫɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɤɢɩɢȿɫɥɢɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ-
ɧɨɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɫɟɠɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨɢɡɡɚɱɚɫɬɨɝɨɢɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ
ɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɨɞɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɩɨ
ɞɟɤɚɥɶɰɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɥɹɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɊɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹɞɟɤɥɶɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɥɢɦɨɧ-
ɧɭɸɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ
ǰȉǰǼDzǶǵȋǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǶǶ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɟɝɨɢɡɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɈɬɫɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɢɬɶɲɧɭɪɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɫɟɬɢ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɩɨɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢɫɪɨɤɚɟɝɨɫɥɭɠɛɵɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɟɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɢɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶɢɯɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɢɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
117
RU
ǾȁǸǼǰǼDzǿȀǰǼǽǼȁǿȀǾǮǻdzǻǶȌǻdzǸǼȀǼǾȉȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ǰțȖȚȎțȖȓ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɪɚɡɭɟɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶȼɵɧɭɬɶɲɧɭɪ
ɢɡɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɵɧɟɬȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵɢɫɩɨɥɶ-
ɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɢɫɤɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɨɠɨɝɨɜ
DzșȭȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȗȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȗȘȜȢȓȐȎȞȘȖ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɮɟɧɟɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ȼɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɜɨɞɚ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɥɢɜɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵ
Ʉɨɮɟɜɵɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɛɨɪɬɢɤɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɛɵɥɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɱɬɨɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɩɪɢɤɪɭɬɢɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɤ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɭ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɢɜɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɤɨɥɶɰɟ
ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶɢɡɥɢɲɤɢɦɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɨɮɟ
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɱɢɫɬɤɭɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɶɰɚ
ɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɣɝɭɛɤɢ
ɇɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ-
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɊɢɫ
ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
ɩɨɬɟɦɧɟɥɨɢɥɢɩɨɪɜɚɥɨɫɶ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɶɰɨ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɛɵɥɧɟɫɨɜɫɟɦ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɩɪɢɤɪɭɱɟɧɤ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɉɪɢɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɤɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɩɨɩɥɨɬɧɟɟɇɟɨɩɢɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɉɨɞɚɱɚɤɨɮɟ
ɧɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɇɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɦɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ-
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɟɠɤɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɨɬɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɡɚɫɨɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɳɟɬɨɱɤɢɢɥɢɛɭɥɚɜɤɢɊɢɫ
ɉɨɦɨɥɤɨɮɟɣɧɨɣɫɦɟɫɢ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɥɤɢɣ
ɉɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɨɮɟɣɧɭɸɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶ
ɫɩɪɟɫɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɮɢɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɮɟ
ɇɚɞɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣ
ɧɚɥɟɬ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɵɣɧɚɥɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɹ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢɡɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
118
RU
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɮɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɮɟɣɧɚɹɫɦɟɫɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɛɨɥɟɟɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢ
ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɤɨɮɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɦɟɫɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɚ
Ȼɵɥɨɧɚɥɢɬɨɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɦɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɵ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɧɚɥɢɜɜɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɨɞɵȾɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟ
ɱɚɲɤɢȾɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɨɞɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ
ɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɚ
ɧɚɞɜɟɱɚɲɤɢɊɢɫ
DzșȭȘȎȝȡȥȖțȎȠȜȞȎȫșȓȘȠȞȖȥȓȟȘȜȑȜȥȎȗțȖȘȎ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɍɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɜɡɛɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɧɶɲɟɱɟɦɧɭɠɧɨ
Ȼɵɥɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɜɬɨɪɨɣɰɢɤɥ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɥɢɜɫɩɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɝɞɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɟɳɟɧɟɨɫɬɵɥ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɵɧɟɬ
ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɧɢɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧ Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ0$;
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɟɥɨɫɶ
ɧɨɧɟɜɫɩɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɟɥɨɫɶ
ɧɨɧɟɜɫɩɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ȼɵɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ
ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
ɇɚɜɫɬɚɜɤɟɢɥɢɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɝɪɹɡɶ
ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɢɡɞɚɟɬ
ɧɟɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ
ɲɭɦɚ
ȼɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɫɛɚɡɵɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɢɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ0$;
ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɧɚɞɧɟ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɬɫɟɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɜɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɫɬɚɜɤɭɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɜɫɬɚɜɤɭ
Ʉɪɵɲɤɚɧɟɩɥɨɬɧɨ
ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɧɚ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ
ɉɥɨɬɧɨɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɤɪɵɲɤɨɣ
119
RU
Ⱦɚɬɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɤɨɪɩɭɫɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɡɚɲɢɮɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ61ZN\UDEFGHIJ
ɝɞɟZN±ɧɟɞɟɥɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
\U±ɝɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
DEFGHIJ±ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɈɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɡɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨ-
ɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɚɜɝɭɫɬɚɝɨɞɚ
ɌɊɌɋ©ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜªɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɊɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɌɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɚʋɨɬɞɟɤɚɛɪɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
%aȽɰȼɬɄɥɚɫɫ,±,3;
ɋɞɟɥɚɧɨɜɄɢɬɚɟ
ɂɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɈɈɈ©Ɇɟɞɢɚɬɟɯª
ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɨɪɨɞɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɢɰɚɋɚɞɨɜɚɹɌɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɨɦɫɬɪɨɟ-
ɧɢɟɉɈɆ,ɄɈɆ
ɎɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɞɪɟɫɝɆɨɫɤɜɚɭɥɍɫɚɱɟɜɚɞɤɨɪɩɭɫɩɨɦ,,ɤɨɦ
?ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ'H¶/RQJKL$SSOLDQFHV6UO©ȾɟɥɨɧɝɢȺɩɩɥɚɟɧɫɢɫɋɊɅªȺɞɪɟɫɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɎɥɨɪɟɧɰɢɹɄɚɦɩɢȻɢɡɟɧɰɢɨȼɢɚɋɄɭɢɪɢɤɨ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ-
ɥɟɣɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɫɚɣɬɟKWWSZZZDULHWHQHWUXDVVLVWDQFH
Ƚɨɪɹɱɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ$ULHWH
Ɍɨɜɚɪɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɤɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸɧɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɍɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɦɟɫɬɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɪɨɤɝɨɞɚɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɝɨɞɚ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɜɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢɤɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɭɬɚɥɨɧɭɢɢɥɢɧɚɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟɢɡɞɟ-
ɥɢɹ
120
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ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢɬɟɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿɞɨɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯɦɿɫɰɹɯɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɭɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ
ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɧɟɳɚɫ-
ɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭ
ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɿɧɲɨɦɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɭ-
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɹɤɿ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
ɇȿȻȿɁɉȿɄȺɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽɩɪɨɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ
ɬɹɠɤɿɬɪɚɜɦɢɬɚɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɭɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɚɡɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ
ɿɧɲɢɦɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇə ɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽ ɩɪɨ
ɬɪɚɜɦɢɿɬɹɠɤɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹɩɪɨɨɩɿɤɢ
ɍɜɚɝɚɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɉɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɚɽ ɩɪɨ ɥɟɝɤɿ ɬɪɚɜɦɢ ɿ
ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɛɢɬɤɢ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɜɢ ɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ
ɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɱɧɨʀɩɿɧɤɢɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɿɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɚɛɨɬɜɟɪɞɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɧɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɤɨɦɟɪɰɿɣɧɨɝɨɚɛɨɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
 ɐɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɚɯɬɚɜɭɦɨ-
ɜɚɯɩɨɞɿɛɧɢɯɞɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɿɯɚɫɚɦɟ
 ɧɚɤɭɯɧɹɯɞɥɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɿɜɨɮɿɫɿɜɬɚɭɿɧɲɢɯɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɢɯɡɚɤɥɚ-
ɞɚɯ
 ɭɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ
 ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɥɿɽɧɬɚɦɢɝɨɬɟɥɿɜɦɨɬɟɥɿɜɬɚɿɧɲɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɠɢ-
ɜɚɧɧɹ
 ɭɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯɬɢɩɭEHGDQGEUHDNIDVW
 ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɟɿɧɲɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɰɟ
ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽɣɨɝɨɜɿɞɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɡɛɢɬɤɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɫɩɪɢɱɢ-
ɧɟɧɿɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
121
UA
ǵǮǹǶȆǸǼǰǥǾǶǵǶǸǶ
Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɪɨɹɤɢɣɣɞɟɬɶɫɹɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶɡɚɯɢ-
ɫɬɢɬɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɜɿɞɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿ-
ɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɫɥɿɞɛɪɚɬɢɡɚɪɭɱɤɭ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɨɩɿɤɿɜ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯ ɛɪɢɡɤɚɦɢ ɝɚɪɹɱɨʀ ɜɨɞɢ ɿ ɩɚɪɢ ɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɡ
ɨɬɜɨɪɿɜɩɨɞɚɱɿɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɨɞɚɱɿ
ɧɚɩɨɸ
ɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɩɨɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɨ
ɤɢɩɢɬɶ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɿɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭ
ɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɢɯɩɥɢɬɤɚɯɬɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɎȽȻɁɈɉɊɋɉɒɃɍȻɄɍɀȲɈɌɍɋɎɅɑȲȳɊɀɋɀȿɊɉɒȻɍɅɉɇȽɃɅɉɋɃɌɍȻɈɈɚ
 Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪ-
ɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɭ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭȯɋʋɜɿɞɳɨɞɨɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȒșȭȒȳȠȓȗ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɪɨɤɿɜɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟ-
ɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤ-
ɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶ ɪɢɡɢɤɢ
ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
 Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɡɛɨɤɭɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢ-
ɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿɬɶɦɢɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜɬɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɋɥɿɞ-
ɤɭɣɬɟɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɝɪɚɥɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨ-
ɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
 ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɿɬɶɦɢɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
 ɍɪɚɡɿɹɤɳɨɰɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɥɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɚɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧ-
ɧɹɄɪɿɦɬɨɝɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɩɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹɡɭɫɿɦɚɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢ-
122
UA
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɥɹɿɝɨɪ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȐȭȕȎțȎȕȓșȓȘȠȞȖȘȜȬ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɦɨɠɭɬɶɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɨɫɨɛɢɡɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪ-
ɧɢɦɢɬɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɛɨɡɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ-
ɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢɚɛɨ
ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɣɲɥɢ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɬɚ
ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
 ɉɟɪɟɞɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɞɨɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶɳɨɧɚ-
ɩɪɭɝɚɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɚɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ
ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɱɿɜɧɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɢɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɡɛɢɬɤɿɜɚɛɨɩɨɠɟɠɿ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɠɢɜɢɬɢɫɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɬɚɣɦɟɪɿɜɚɛɨɡɚɞɨ-
ɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ
 əɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ
ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
 Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ ɞɨɜɨɞɢ
ɦɨɠɟɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
 Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɚɛɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɢ
 Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɜɨɞɭɚɛɨɭɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎȝȜȦȘȜȒȔȓțȪȝȜȐȭȕȎțȖȣȕȳțȦȖȚȖȝȞȖȥȖ-
țȎȚȖ
 Ɉɛɟɪɿɬɶɱɢɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ ɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɡ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
 ɇɟɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɣɬɟɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɹɤɳɨɜɿɧɩɚɞɚɜɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɿɩɨɲɤɨ-
ɞɠɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɨɡɪɢɧɚɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɿɫɥɹɩɚɞɿɧɧɹɚɬɚɤɨɠɹɤɳɨ
ɩɪɨɬɿɤɚɽɜɨɞɚɄɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
 ɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢ-
ɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɦɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ$ULHWHɚɛɨɩɟɪ-
ɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɿɡ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿɽɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯ ɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ ɐɟ
ɩɪɢɡɜɟɞɟɞɨ ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨʀ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɿʀ ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɹɽɛɭɞɶɹɤɭɜɿɞɩɨ-
ɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɛɢɬɤɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɦɳɨɧɟɛɭɜɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ǵȎȟȠȓȞȓȔȓțțȭȝȞȜȜȝȳȘȖ
 ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɿɞɱɚɫɣɨɝɨɪɨɛɨɬɢɬɚɭɧɚɫɬɭɩ-
ɧɿɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɿɫɥɹɣɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶȼɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
123
UA
 Ɂɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɿɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɿɥɶɤɢɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨ ɹɤɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɹ ɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ɜɢɦɤɧɭɜɫɹ
 ɉɿɞɧɿɦɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿ-
ɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭ
 ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȳȕȏȖȠȘȖ
 Ɋɨɡɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɟɣɨɝɨɧɟɦɨɠɧɚɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɭɬɢ
 ɇɟɫɬɚɜɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɞɭɠɟɝɚɪɹɱɿɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɛɨɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɞɠɟɪɟɥɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɝɨ
ɜɨɝɧɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɤɨɪɩɭɫɭ
 ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɿɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɱɢɫɬɨɸɿɫɨɯɨɸ
 Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
 Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭɜɨɞɭɡɞɿɨɤɫɢɞɨɦɜɭɝɥɟɰɸ
 Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
 ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜɢɪɨɛɭɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋɫɥɿɞɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸȄǥȌ
ǼǽǶǿǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɫɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢɬɚɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨ-
ɪɚɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
$Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ
%Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ
&Ʉɧɨɩɤɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ
'ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ǸȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȖȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
(Ȼɨɣɥɟɪ
)Ɂɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɣɤɥɚɩɚɧ
*Ɏɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɧɚɱɚɲɤɢ
+Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɞɥɹɱɚɲɨɤ
, ɍɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ
- Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ
.Ʉɨɥɛɚ
/ Ɉɬɜɨɪɢɩɨɞɚɱɿ
0Ʉɪɢɲɤɚ
1Ɋɭɱɤɚ
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ǸȜȚȝȜțȓțȠȖȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
2Ʉɪɢɲɤɚ
3ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
4ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
5ȯɦɧɿɫɬɶ
6Ɋɭɱɤɚ
7ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɿɜɧɹ
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
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U - Ʉɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ
ǥȒȓțȠȖȢȳȘȎȤȳȗțȳȒȎțțȳ
ɇɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɰɿɹɤɚɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɿɬɚɤɿɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿɣɧɿɞɚɧɧɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ
 ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɿɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ&(
 ɦɨɞɟɥɶ0RG
 ɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ61
 ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɧɚɩɪɭɝɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹȼɿɱɚɫɬɨɬɚȽɰ
 ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɚɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶȼɬ
 ɧɨɦɟɪɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨʀɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨʀɥɿɧɿʀ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɞɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɿɜɜɤɚɠɿɬɶɦɨɞɟɥɶɿɫɟɪɿɣ-
ɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ǽdzǾdzDzǽǼȅǮȀǸǼǺǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ǰȐȳȚȘțȓțțȭ
Ɋɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɬɺɴɩɨɛɪɫɮɞɛɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁɧɠɫɠɡʀɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɛɢɭʀɾɹɴɩɝɥɛɢɛɨɛɨɛɭɛɜɦɣɲɱʀ
ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɣɰɟɛɨɣɰɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹ
 Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɩɚɤɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɜɫɿɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɭɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ
 ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸª
 ɊɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɢɦɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɧɟɦɨɝɥɢɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɊɨɡɬɚ-
ɲɭɣɬɟɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɝɥɚɞɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɩɨɞɚɥɿɜɿɞɤɪɚɧɿɜɜɨɞɢɿɦɢɣɨɤ
ǽǾǶDZǼȀȁǰǮǻǻȍǸǮǰǶ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦɜɿɞɞɿɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɞɩɿɞ-
ɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɛɟɡɜɨɞɢ
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɭɜɚɠɧɢɦɢɳɨɛɜɨɞɚɧɟɧɚɦɨɱɢɥɚɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɍɧɢ-
ɤɚɣɬɟɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɚɛɨɤɢɩɹɬɤɨɦ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
125
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Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɢɩɚɬɢ ɭ ɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɹɤɿɧɟ ɽ ɦɟɥɟɧɨɸ
ɤɚɜɨɸɇɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶɫɩɪɨɜɨɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɚɠɤɿ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɹɱɦɿɧɧɨɸɤɚɜɨɸ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɳɩɧɮɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨʀɛɜɩɪʀɬɦɺɪɠɫʀɩɟɮɨɠɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɾɭɷɬɺɝɣɥɩɨɛ-
ɭɣɪɩɟɛɲɮɧʀɨʀɧɮɧɩɟɨʀɾʁɥɛɝɣɊɩɧɣɤɭɠʀɝɣɬɮɳʀɭɷɥɩɦɜɮɭɛɝɬʀɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɭɮɹɲʀɈɠɧɣɤɭɠ
ɜɩɤɦɠɫɛɜɩɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɥɮɡɣɝɦɠɨɨɺ
 ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɚɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɚɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɚɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
 Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 Ɍɪɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɛɨɣɥɟɪ ( ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɪɭɤɨɸ ɚ ɿɧɲɨɸ ɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶ ɤɨɥɛɭ . ɩɪɨɬɢ ɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɨʀ
ɫɬɪɿɥɤɢ
 Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*
 ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɪɿɜɧɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)ɹɤɢɣɜɢɞɧɨɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
Ɋɢɫɇɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɣɬɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɜɛɨɣɥɟɪ
 ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɦɟɥɟɧɨɸɤɚɜɨɸɧɟɩɪɟɫɭɸɱɢʀʀɇɚɫɢɩɚɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɩɨɪɰɿɹɦɢɳɨɛ
ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɩɟɪɟɫɢɩɚɧɧɹɊɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɿɬɶɤɚɜɭɿɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɡɛɨɪɬɢɤɿɜ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ
Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɤɭɠɧɠɦɠɨɮɥɛɝɮɰɩɫɩɳɩɹɺɥɩɬɭʀɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩɪɩɧɩɦɮɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɮɟɦɺɞɠɤ-
ɢɠɫɨɣɰɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɩɥ
ɚɥɴɩɨɛɬɣɪɛɭɣɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɮɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷɧɠɦɠɨɩʁɥɛɝɣɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮɯʀɦɷɭɫɮɝɩɫɩɨɥɣ*ɧɩɡɠ
ɝɣɺɝɣɭɣɬɺɝɛɡɥɩɟɩɜɫɠɬɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɜɩɤɦɠɫ(ʀɥɩɦɜɮ.Ɋʀɟɲɛɬɪɩɟɛɲʀɥɛɝɣɢɜɩɤɦɠɫɛ
ɧɩɡɠɝɣɭʀɥɛɭɣɝɩɟɛɅɛɝɛɧɩɡɠɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
Ⱦɨɛɪɟɡɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɤɨɥɛɭɛɟɡɧɚɞɥɢɲɤɨɜɢɯɡɭɫɢɥɶɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜ
ɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɚɠɟɥɹ
Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɚɰɸɽɤɪɢɲɤɚɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɡɚɤɪɢɬɨɸ
 ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ'Ɂɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ$ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶ-
ɫɹɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
ɑɟɪɟɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɯɜɢɥɢɧɤɚɜɚɩɨɱɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɢȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɤɚɜɚɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɜɢɣɞɟȱɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ$ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɁɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɥɨɠɟɱɤɢɩɟɪɟɦɿɲɚɣɬɟɤɚɜɭ
ɳɨɛɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɨɞɧɨɪɿɞɧɨɸɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɿɸɿɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɤɚɜɭɭɱɚɲɤɢ
ȿɩɲɠɥɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɪɩɥɣ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɲɨɛ ɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɛ ɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɥɛ ɩɰɩɦɩɨɠ ɪɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɝʀɟɥɫɮɲɮɝɛɭɣ
ɜɩɤɦɠɫɟɦɺɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺɨɩɝɩʁɥɛɝɣȽɺɥɩɬɭʀɛɦɷɭɠɫɨɛɭɣɝɣɧɩɡɨɛɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺɫɮ-
ɥɛɝɣɱɺɧɣɛɜɩɞɛɨɲʀɫɥɩɹɴɩɜɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɫɣɢɣɥɮɩɪʀɥʀɝ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɡɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ&ɨɫɤɿɥɶ-
ɤɢɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɜɨɞɢɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɢɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɱɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
126
UA
ǸȎȐȎțȎȒȐȳȥȎȦȘȖ
 ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪ(ɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢɊɢɫɧɟɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɸɱɢɪɿɜɟɧɶɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ)
 ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ*ɞɥɹɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
 ɓɨɛɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɭɞɥɹɞɜɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ+ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭɮɿɥɶ-
ɬɪɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢɞɥɹɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɊɢɫ
 ɉɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ³ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɜɢ´
Ɉɠɢɛɟɩɝʀɦɷɨɠɪɩɟɛɝɛɨɨɺɥɛɝɣɧɩɡɠɜɮɭɣ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɨɠɢɛɬɧʀɲɠɨɨɺɧɯʀɦɷɭɫɮɊɫɣɢɮɪɣ-
ɨʀɭɷɪɩɟɛɲɮʀɟɩɲɠɥɛɤɭɠɬɺɪɩɥɣɪɫɣɬɭɫʀɤɩɰɩɦɩɨɠȽɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠɲɣɬɭɥɮɺɥɩɪɣɬɛɨɩɮɝʀɟ-
ɪɩɝʀɟɨɩɧɮɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀ
ȂȡțȘȤȳȭȕȏȓȞȳȑȎțțȭȐȠȓȝșȳ
əɤɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɭɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɭɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɰɿɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɱɧɟɬɶɫɹɮɚɡɚɡɛɟ-
ɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɜɬɟɩɥɿɐɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶɡɛɟɪɟɝɬɢɤɚɜɭɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɎɭɧɤɰɿɹɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɜɬɟɩɥɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɯɜɢɥɢɧ
ǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǸǮǽȁȅǥǻǮȀǼǾǮȅǮǷǻǶǸǮ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɧɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɹɬɚɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɨɦɜɿɞ-
ɞɿɥɟɧɢɦɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶɩɨɡɧɚɱɨɤɪɿɜɧɿɜ0,10$;ɳɨɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɄɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚ
ɞɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɡɚɜɠɞɢɛɭɬɢɩɨɤɪɢɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɜɨɞɨɸɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨʀ
ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɦɨɠɟɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɬɢɫɶəɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɽɬɶɫɹɩɨ-
ɧɚɞɜɤɚɡɚɧɿɪɿɜɧɿɦɨɥɨɤɨɚɛɨɜɨɞɚɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɢɬɿɤɚɬɢɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɩɿɞɱɚɫɮɚɡɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢ
ɇɚɩɨɜɧɸɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɱɚɣɧɢɤɚɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɜɿɠɢɦɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸ
ɜɨɞɨɸ
ɇɟɜɦɢɤɚɣɬɟɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɫɭɯɭɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɦɨɥɨɤɨɦɚɛɨɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸ
Ɋɫɣɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɝɝʀɧɥɨɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹ ɬɥɣɪɺɭʀɭɷ ɝɩɟɮ Ɍɪɩɫɩɡɨʀɭɷ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɤɭɠ ɲɛɤɨɣɥ
Ɋɩɝɭɩɫʀɭɷɱɹɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹɟɝɛɛɜɩɭɫɣɫɛɢɣ
ɊʀɟɲɛɬɪɠɫɳɩɞɩɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺɧɩɡɠɝɣɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɨɠɬɣɦɷɨɣɤɢɛɪɛɰɈɠɭɮɫɜɮɤɭɠɬɺɱɠɨɩɫ-
ɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɛɟɡɠɟɠɺɥʀɲɛɬɭɣɨɣɜɮɦɣɢɦɠɞɥɛɢɧɛɴɠɨʀɪʀɬɦɺɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩɲɛɬɮɢɛɪɛɰ
ɢɨɣɥɨɠ
ɇɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩʁɫɩɜɩɭɣɠɦɠɥɭɫɣɲɨɩʁɞɠɤɢɠɫɨɩʁɥɛɝɩɝɛɫɥɣʀɬɪʀɨɹɝɛɲɛɧɩɦɩɥɛ
ɲɛɤɨɣɥɛ
127
UA
ǿǽǥǻȌǰǮǻǻȍǺǼǹǼǸǮ
ǰȖȏȳȞțȎȟȎȒȘȖ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɚɝɚɬɨɩɿɧɤɢɜɫɬɚɜɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɭɩɿɧɤɭɚɛɨɳɨɛɡɥɟɝɤɚɫɩɿɧɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
ɓɨɛɧɟɡɚɝɭɛɢɬɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟʀɯɭɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɫɿɤɭɜ ɧɢɠɧɿɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢ
Ɋɢɫ
ǻȎșȖȐȎțțȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
 Ɂɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
 ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɜɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɞɧɿɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
 ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɞɨɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɹɤɢɣɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɪɢɫɤɨɸɛɿɥɹɧɚɩɢɫɭ0$;
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɿɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
0$;ɞɥɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿ
 ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
ǿȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȳȝȳȒȳȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȚȜșȜȘȎ
 ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
 ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ % ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
 ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɱɧɟɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɤɨ
əɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɪɢɜɚɬɢɦɟɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢ
əɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɫɚɞɤɚɛɟɡɫɩɿɪɚɥɿɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɬɪɢɜɚɬɢɦɟɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɯɜɢ-
ɥɢɧɢ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚ-
ɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɨɤɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɤɢɩɢɬɶɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨɝɨɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɧɿɦɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɭɱɚɲɤɢ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺɪɫɣɬɭɫɩɹɩɟɫɛɢɮɲɣɬɭʀɭɷɾɧɨʀɬɭɷʀɝɬɭɛɝɥɮɮɨɣɥɛɹɲɣɭɛɥɣɧɲɣ-
ɨɩɧɴɩɜɧɩɦɩɥɩɢɛɬɩɰɦɩɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ
128
UA
ǿȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȣȜșȜȒțȜȑȜȚȜșȜȘȎ
Ɍɚɤɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɩɿɧɤɭɧɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɸɱɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɦ¶ɹɤɭɤɪɟɦɨɜɭ
ɩɿɧɤɭɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɡɿɫɩɿɪɚɥɥɸ
 ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟʀʀɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɱɧɟɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɦɨɥɨɤɨɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨ-
ɪɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɿɦ
ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɩɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨȱɧɞɢɤɚ-
ɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ǵȡȝȖțȘȎȎȏȜȝȓȞȓȒȥȎȟțȓȕȎȐȓȞȦȓțțȭțȎȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȠȎȟȝȳțȬȐȎțțȭȚȜ-
șȜȘȎ
 ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɨ%ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ
ɓɨɛɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɢɬɢɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɤɚɩɭɱɿ-
ɧɨ
 ɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢ
 ɬɪɢɜɚɥɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɹɤɳɨɛɚɠɚɽɬɟɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ǻǮDZǾǥǰǮǻǻȍǰǼDzǶ
Ⱦɜɿɧɚɫɚɞɤɢɞɥɹɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɥɨɤɚɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɞɱɚɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ
ȼɢɣɦɿɬɶɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ3ɚɛɨ4ɡɱɚɣɧɢɤɚ
 ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɫɜɿɠɨɸɩɢɬɧɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɞɨɛɚɠɚɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹ
Ɉɠɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɤɭɠɫʀɝɠɨɷɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤɝʀɟɧʀɭɥɩɹ0$;
 ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
 ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɧɚɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ǸȖȝ·ȭȠȳțțȭȐȜȒȖ
 ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɨɞɢɧɪɚɡɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɦ
ǻȎȑȞȳȐȎțțȭȐȜȒȖȒȜ&
 ɇɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟʀʀɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɨɱɧɟɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɜɨɞɭɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɦɢɤɚɽɬɶɫɹȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ
ɠɨɜɬɢɦ
Ʉɨɥɢɜɨɞɚɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨȱɧ-
ɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɧɨɩɤɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢ&ɩɨɱɧɟɛɥɢɦɚɬɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɇɟɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɩɨɤɢɜɨɞɚɤɢɩɢɬɶɇɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚɛɪɢɡɨɤɤɢɩɥɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɡɧɿɦɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ɉɿɞɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɱɚɣɧɢɤɡɚɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭɪɭɱɤɭȼɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢ-
ɜɥɟɧɧɹ
 ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɭɱɚɲɤɢ
ɉɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɨɞɭɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɓɨɛɡɧɨɜɭ ɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɫɬɚɧ
129
UA
Ɋɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷɥɫɛɪɠɦɷɝɩɟɣɪʀɟɾɧɨʀɬɭɹɱɠɱʀɦɥɩɧɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɠɺɝɣɴɠɱɠɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɤ
ɥɩɨɟɠɨɬɛɭ
ǰǶǺǸǻdzǻǻȍǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
əɤɳɨɧɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɥɚɫɹɠɨɞɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɚɿɜɫɿɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɪɨɛɨɬɢɧɟɝɨɪɹɬɶɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɿɞɽɞɧɭɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ
ǵȎȣȖȟȠȐȳȒȝȓȞȓȑȞȳȐȡ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɭɜɜɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɣɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɦɛɟɡɦɨɥɨɤɚɚɛɨɜɨɞɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɩɿɫɥɹɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɜɿɧɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɞɥɹɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɿɞɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɜɭɓɨɛɡɧɨɜɭɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɢɜɨɞɭɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɱɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɫɬɚɧ
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǽǾǶǿȀǾǼȌ
ǻȓȏȓȕȝȓȘȎǾȖȕȖȘȐȞȎȔȓțțȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȖȚȟȠȞȡȚȜȚ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɳɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɿɧɢɠɱɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɬɚ
ɜɿɞɽɞɧɚɧɨɸɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȪțȖȣȕȏȖȠȘȳȐ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨ-
ɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɚɩɧɹɧɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɨɬɭ
ɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɦɢɬɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɪɹ-
ɦɿɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɿɜɨɞɢ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɿɞɜɨɞɭɛɨɣɥɟɪɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɝɟɣɡɟɪɧɨʀɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɢ
ɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɤɚɩɭɱɿɧɚɬɨɪɚɿɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɄɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɩɿɞɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɿʀɜɨɥɨ-
ɝɢȿɤɥɟɤɬɢɱɧɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɿɬɚɤɨɠɿɜɿɞɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯɛɪɢɡɨɤɜɨɞɢ
Ⱦɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɠɨɞɧɿɯɿɦɿɱɧɿɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɚɛɨɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢ
ȁȐȎȑȎǾȖȕȖȘȜȝȳȘȳȐ
ɍɫɿ ɧɢɠɱɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
ɝɚɪɹɱɢɯɱɚɫɬɢɧɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȝȳȒȟȠȎȐȘȖȔȖȐșȓțțȭ
ɉɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɭɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɸ-
ɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
Ȼɨɣɥɟɪɦɨɠɧɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨ
ɦɟɬɚɥɿɱɧɿɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɢ
Ɂɧɿɦɚɸɱɢɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ,ɬɚɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪ-ɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɚɛɨɞɥɹʀɯɡɚɦɿɧɢɛɭɞɶɬɟɭɜɚɠɧɿ
ɳɨɛɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢʀɯɧɚɦɿɫɰɟɰɟɞɨɩɨɦɨɠɟɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɪɢɡɨɤɝɚɪɹɱɨʀɜɨɞɢ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɧɟɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɹɤɳɨɨɬɜɨɪɢɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶʀɯ
ɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸɊɢɫ
əɤɳɨɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɿɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɮɿɥɶɬɪɦɚɸɬɶɫɥɿɞɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɹɚɛɨʀɯɫɬɚɧɡɿɩɫɨɜɚɧɢɣʀɯɩɨɬɪɿɛ-
ɧɨɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɿɡɚɩɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɧɚɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢɜɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ
130
UA
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡȟȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
Ɂɱɚɫɨɦɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɧɚɞɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɦɨɠɟɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɲɚɪɧɚɤɢ-
ɩɭɡɰɿɽʀɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɱɚɫɩɪɨɫɨɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɠɟɫɬɚɬɢɧɚɛɚɝɚɬɨɞɨɜɲɢɦɓɨɛɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɰɟɣɧɟɞɨɥɿɤ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɱɚɫɜɿɞɱɚɫɭɜɢɞɚɥɹɬɢɰɟɣɲɚɪɧɚɤɢɩɭɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɱɢɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɩɪɨɞɚɠɭɧɚɩɪɢ-
ɤɥɚɞɥɢɦɨɧɧɚɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
Ⱦɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɫɥɿɞɞɿɹɬɢɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
 ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɤɚɜɧɢɤɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣɿɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɣɨɝɨ
 ɇɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭɿɩɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɿɜɝɨɞɢɧɢ
 ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɛɭɥɚɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚɩɨɜɧɚɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹɱɢɫɬɤɚɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɑɺɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɺɪɩɝɣɨɨɛɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺɢɰɩɦɩɟɨɣɧɜɩɤɦɠɫɩɧɨɠ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɧɨɛɪʀɟ-
ɬɭɛɝɥɮ
 Ʉɨɥɢɩɪɨɣɲɥɨɩɿɜɝɨɞɢɧɢɫɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɧɚɤɢɩɡɞɧɚɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɨ
ɩɨɬɿɦɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɡɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢɇɟɡɚɧɭɪɸɣɬɟɛɨɣɥɟɪɭɜɨɞɭ
 ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɦɿɧɿɦɭɦɩɪɨɛɧɿɤɚɜɢ
Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɿɹɧɟɪɨɡɩɨɜɫɸɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɧɹɦɢɜɿɞɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
Ɋʀɬɦɺɥɩɡɨɩɞɩɨɛɞɫʀɝɛɨɨɺʀɬɪʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺɩɟɫɛɢɮɲɣɬɭʀɭɷɾɧɨʀɬɭɷɴɩɜɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣɢɛɬɣɰɛɨ-
ɨɺɧɩɦɩɥɛɝɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ
 ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
 Ɂɧɹɬɢɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɫɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
 ɉɨɦɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭ2ɿɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ43ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɬɚɦɢɸɱɢɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɭ
 Ɇɢɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ5ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸɜɨɞɨɸɬɚɦɢɸɱɢɦɡɚɫɨɛɨɦɞɥɹɩɨ-
ɫɭɞɭ
 Ɋɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶɜɫɿɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɩɨɹɜɢɩɥɹɦ
ǰȖȒȎșȓțțȭțȎȘȖȝȡȟȱȚțȜȟȠȳ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣɞɨɝɥɹɞɿɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɭɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭ-
ɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɢɡɧɚɱɧɨɡɧɢɠɭɸɱɢɪɢɡɢɤɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɚɩɧɹɧɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɨɬɭɭɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀ
əɤɳɨɩɨɩɪɢɜɫɿɡɚɯɨɞɢɡɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɱɟɪɟɡɩɟɜɧɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɚɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɨɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɩɿɞɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸ
ɱɟɪɟɡɱɚɫɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɠɨɪɫɬɤɨʀɚɛɨɜɚɩɧɢɫɬɨʀɜɨɞɢɦɨɠɧɚɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹɧɚɤɢɩɭ
ɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɳɨɛ ɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɞɥɹɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ
ɧɚɤɢɩɭɹɤɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹɭɩɪɨɞɚɠɭɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɥɢɦɨɧɧɚɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ
ǰǶǰǥDzǵdzǸǿǽǹȁǮȀǮȄǥǦ
ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɡɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ-
ɧɹȼɿɞɪɿɠɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢɪɨɡɞɿɥɟɧɧɹɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɭ
ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɿɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɬɚʀɯɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɭɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞʀɯɫɤɥɚɞɭɬɚɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɶɡɚɤɨɧɿɜɳɨɞɿɸɬɶ
ɭɄɪɚʀɧɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
131
UA
ǽǥDzǸǮǵǸǶDzǹȍǰǶǾǥȆdzǻǻȍDzdzȍǸǶȃǽǾǼǯǹdzǺ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɍɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɭɪɨɛɨɬɿɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭ
ɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭȾɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɟȼɹɤɨɫɬɿɚɥɶ-
ɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɦɨɠɧɚɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɫɹɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɹɦɢɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɨɸɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɭɨɩɿɤɿɜ
DzșȭȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȜȴȑȓȗȕȓȞțȜȴȘȎȐȜȐȎȞȘȖ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɍɛɨɣɥɟɪɿɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɡɚɥɢɜɲɢɤɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɚɥɟɠɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢ
Ʉɚɜɚɜɢɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɱɟɪɟɡɤɪɚʀɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
Ƀɦɨɜɿɪɧɨɳɨɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭɛɭɥɨɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ
ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɟɥɟɧɨʀ
ɤɚɜɢɹɤɚɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɚ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɫɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɛɨɣɥɟɪɡ
ɤɨɥɛɨɸ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɩɨɤɥɚɜɲɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢ
ɇɚɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɩɨɬɪɚɩɢɥɢ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɡɭɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɚɛɨɝɭɛɤɢ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ-ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɿɞɤɨɥɛɢɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ
ɚɛɨɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɸɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɊɢɫ
ɍɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɣɚɛɨ
ɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
Ɂɚɦɿɧɿɬɶɭɳɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɱ
Ʉɨɥɛɚɛɭɥɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɞɨɛɪɟɩɪɢɤɪɭɱɟɧɚɞɨ
ɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
Ɋɿɲɭɱɟɩɪɢɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɤɨɥɛɭɞɨɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɇɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɱɤɭɜɹɤɨɫɬɿɜɚɠɟɥɹ
Ʉɚɜɚɧɟɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɚɛɨɩɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ
ɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ
ȼɢɯɿɞɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭ-ɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɿɚɛɨɝɚɧɱɿɪɤɢ
ȼɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɛɨɣɥɟɪɜɿɞɤɨɥɛɢɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɳɿɬɨɱɤɨɸ
ɚɛɨɲɩɢɥɶɤɨɸɡɚɫɦɿɱɟɧɿɨɬɜɨɪɢɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɮɿɥɶɬɪɭɊɢɫ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɦɿɥɤɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɦɟɥɟɧɨʀɤɚɜɢ
ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɤɚɜɨɜɭɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲ
ɝɪɭɛɨʀɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ
Ɂɚɧɚɞɬɨɫɩɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚɫɭɦɿɲ
ɤɚɜɢ
ɉɨɤɥɚɞɿɬɶɦɟɧɲɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɤɚɜɢɭɮɿɥɶɬɪ
ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ
ɇɚɞɧɿɛɨɣɥɟɪɚ
ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɜɫɹɧɚɤɢɩ
ȼɢɞɚɥɿɬɶɧɚɤɢɩɹɤɨɩɢɫɚɧɨɭɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɿ©ɑɢɫɬɤɚ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸª
Ʉɚɜɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɜɨɞɹɧɢɫɬɚɿ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚ
ɋɭɦɿɲɡɦɟɥɟɧɚɡɚɧɚɞɬɨ
ɝɪɭɛɨ
ɓɨɛɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢɛɿɥɶɲɧɚɫɢɱɟɧɭɿɝɚɪɹɱɭɤɚɜɭɫɥɿɞ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɭɦɿɲɛɿɥɶɲɦɿɥɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɨɥɭ
Ɂɚɥɢɬɨɡɚɧɚɞɬɨɛɚɝɚɬɨ
ɜɨɞɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɸɡɚɥɢɜɲɢɤɛɨɣɥɟɪɧɚɥɟɠɧɭ
ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɜɨɞɢȼɩɪɢɬɭɥɞɨɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
ɹɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɮɿɥɶɬɪɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɞɥɹ
ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɇɢɠɱɟɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɨɝɨɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ
ɹɤɳɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɞɢɫɤɨɜɢɣɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɞɥɹ
ɞɜɨɯɱɚɲɨɤɤɚɜɢɊɢɫ
132
UA
DzșȭȘȎȝȡȥȳțȎȠȜȞȎȏȜȗșȓȞȎ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɢ ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ɿɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹ
ɡɭɩɢɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɪɚɧɿɲɟ
ɧɿɠɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ
Ȼɭɥɨɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɨɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɬɚ
ɫɩɿɧɸɜɚɧɧɹɤɨɥɢɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɳɟɛɭɜɝɚɪɹɱɢɣ
Ⱦɨɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɩɨɤɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɟ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ɡɚɝɨɪɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɢɧɿɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɟɪɟɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɢɣ ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɥɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɬɚɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɭ0$;
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɿɥɨɫɹ
ɚɥɟɧɟɫɩɿɧɢɥɨɫɹ
ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɭ
ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɞɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ɇɨɥɨɤɨɧɚɝɪɿɥɨɫɹ
ɚɥɟɧɟɫɩɿɧɢɥɨɫɹ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ȼɭɥɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɨ
ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɈɛɟɪɿɬɶ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɇɚɧɚɫɚɞɰɿɚɛɨɧɚɞɧɿ
ɽɦɧɨɫɬɿɧɚɹɜɧɢɣɛɪɭɞ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɩɪɚɰɸɽ
ɧɟɡɜɢɱɧɨɝɨɥɨɫɧɨ
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɹɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɦɨɥɨɤɚɭɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭɁɧɿɦɿɬɶɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɡɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɤɢɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɧɚɥɢɬɢɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɭɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɭɽɦɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɇɟɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɭ0$;
ɇɚɫɚɞɤɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɭ
ɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɞɧɹɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
ȼɿɞɽɞɧɚɣɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɿɞɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɦɭȼɢɥɢɣɬɟɦɨɥɨɤɨɡɽɦɧɨɫɬɿȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶ
ɧɚɫɚɞɤɭɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ
ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɱɢɧɨɦ
Ʉɪɢɲɤɚɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɞɨɛɪɟ
ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɚɧɚɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ
ɇɚɞɿɣɧɨɨɞɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭɧɚɽɦɧɿɫɬɶ
133
AR
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ﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﰲ ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻤﺤﻣو ،ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ
يﺬﻟا ضﺮﻐﻠﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳاو صﺮﺤﺑ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا هﺬﻫ ةءاﺮﻗ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
هﺬﻫ ﻖﻓرأ .ﺔﺟﺎﺤﻟا ﺪﻨﻋو ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌا ﰲ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ عﻼﻃﻼﻟ ﺐ
ّ
ﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا .راﻷاو ثداﻮﺤﻟا عﻮﻗو ﻊﻨﳌ ،ﻪﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ
.ﻐﻠﻟ ﻪﺋاﺪﻫإ وأ ﻪﻌﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا زﻮﻣﺮﻟﺎﺑ ةﺰﻴﻤﻣ ،ﺐ
ّ
ﻴﺘﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻠﺗﺎﻗ رﺎﻄﺧو ةﻄﺧ تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ ر
ّ
ﺬﺤ
ُ
ﻳ .έρΧ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأو تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ ر
ّ
ﺬﺤ
ُ
ﻳ .έϳΫΣΗ
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ وأ تﺎﺑﺎﺻﻹ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا لﺘﺣا ﻦﻣ ر
ّ
ﺬﺤ
ُ
ﻳ .ϪϳΑϧΗ
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ضﺮﻐﻟا
داﻮﳌا وأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﺨﺴﺗ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻖﻔﺧو ﺨﺴﺗو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﻜﻨﻜ
.ﺔﺒﻠﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﺋاﺬﻐﻟا
.ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ وأ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺗ ضاﺮﻏﻷ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﱄﺰﻨﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﻤﺼﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ
:ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻬﺑﺎﺷ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻴﻟﺰﻨﳌا تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﰲ لﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻨﺻو ﻢ
ّ
ﻤﺻ
;ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌا ﰲو ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا تﻼﺤﳌا ﻲﻔﻇﻮﳌ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﳌا ﻲﻬﻄﻟا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﰲ -
راﺰﳌا -
ﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟا تﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟاو قدﺎﻨﻔﻟا ءﻼﻤﻋ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا -
.رﺎﻄﻓﻹاو ﺖﻴﺒﳌا لﺰﻧو -
ضاﺮﻏﻷ وأ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻨﺼﳌا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ
ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﺎﻄﺑإ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﻖﺋﻻ ﻐﻟا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا يدﺆﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز .ﺎﻬﻠﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻐﻴﺻ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻬﻣ ،نﻀﻟا
ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا
ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺤﺑ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ ،ةﴩﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺸﻧﻹا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﳌا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺾﺒﻗا .
ة
ّ
رﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﲆﻋ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ ﻦﻣ جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ يﺬﻟا رﺎﺨﺒﻟاو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ذاذر ﺐﺒﺴﺑ قاﱰﺣﻻا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻮﻬﻘﻟا جوﺮﺧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ءﺎﻄﻏ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ .ﲇﻐﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ذاذر ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻻ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺔﻠﻌﺸﻣ ﻲﻬﻃ حﻮﻄﺳ وأ ﺪﻗاﻮﻣ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ
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AR
نﺎﻣﻷا تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﺒﻗ تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا صﺮﺤﺑ أﺮﻗا
ﻏ داﻮ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺠﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا نﻷ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮ ظﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻا ﺢﺼﻨﻳ
.ﺺ
ّ
ﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﱃإ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻘﺋﻻ
داﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌاو 2004/10/27 ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺼﻟا 2004/1935 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا لوﺪﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ﺔﻳﺬﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﺴﻣﻼﳌا
لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ
ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ فاﻹا ﻢﺗ اذإ ﻂﻘﻓ ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ لﺎﻔﻃأ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
لﻌﺘﺳا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻋﻼﻃاو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﺒﻳرﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﺔﻄﻳﴍو ،تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ دوأ ﺎﻬﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ،مﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا مﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا لﻋأ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ حﺴﻟا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ
.تاﻮﻨﺳ 8 ﻦﻋ ﻢﻫرﻋأ ﻞﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﻦﻋ
ً
اﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟاو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ رﺪﺼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ،لﺎﻔﻃﻷا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ ﺺﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﻌﺘﺳا ﻊﻨﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ
ﺐﻌﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ لﺎﻔﻃﻷا ﲆﻋ ﺮﻄﺧ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ءاﺰﺟأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺔﻣزﻼﻟا ﺑاﺪﺘﻟا ذﺎﺨﺗا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﲆﻋ ةدﺎﻳز
.ﻪﺑ
ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ
نأ ﺔﻄﻴﻳﴍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴ
ّ
ﺴﺤﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟا ﻢﻫاﻮﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ نﻮﻜﻠ ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺎﺗ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻜ
رﺎﻄﺧﻷا اﻮﻛردأو ﻦﻣآ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﲆﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ وأ ﻢﻬﻨﻋ لوﺆﺴﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺘﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ﻢﺘﻳ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺿﺮﻌﳌا
،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟﺎﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﺻو ﻞﺒﻗ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻔﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
.ثداﻮﺣو راأ عﻮﻗو ﱃإ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ،ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﺧ
ّ
ﺮﻣ ﻐﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا تﻼﺻﻮﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا
.ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣ ةﺰﻬﺟأ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ (ﺮﺎﺗ) ﺖ
ّ
ﻗﻮﻣ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
و ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﺑﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﻒﻠﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.رﺎﻄﺧﻷا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ يأ عﻮﻗو ﳾﺎﺤﺘﻟ ،لﻋﻷا هﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﳌ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ لاﻮﺣﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
!سﺎ ﻞﻄﻋ ثوﺪﺣ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ يدﺆﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ :ءﻠﻟ ءﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﺸﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﺴﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ يﺄﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺤﺳا
ﺮﺧأ ﻞﺋاﻮﺳ ﰲ وأ ءﺎﳌا ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
ىﺮﺧأ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ دﻮﻌﺗ رﺎﻄﺧأ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟا ﻞﻬﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺤﺑو ،ﻒﻴﻈﻧو ﰲﺎﻜﻟا رﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻀﻣ نﺎﻜﻣ رﺎﺘﺧا
وأ ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ وأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺮﻣ راأ دﻮﺟو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ وأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﻬﺒﻄﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺎﳌا بﴪﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ضرﻷا ﲆﻋ ﻪﻃﻮﻘﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺐﻄﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻚﺸﻟا
ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ وأ ﺺ
ّ
ﺮﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﰲ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا لاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎ ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻞﻤﺤﺘﺗ ﻻ .نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ لﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻂﻘﺴﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋ .ثداﻮﺤﻟاو رﺎﻄﺧﻷا عﻮﻗو ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ،ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﻞﻫﺆﻣ
.ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﻐﻟا ﺢﻴﻠﺼﺘﻟا لﻋأ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ يأ ﺔﻌﻧﺎﺼﻟا ﺔﻛﴩﻟا
قاﱰﺣﻻﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
رﺎﺤﻟا حﻮﻄﺴﻟا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ .ﻪﺋﺎﻔﻃإ ﲇﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺪﻟا لﻼﺧو ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﳌا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺲﻤﻠﺗ
135
AR
.شﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻊﻄﻗ وأ تﺎﻛﺎ
ّ
ﺴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻲﻬﺘﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺐﺤﺳا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻄﻳو ﺨﺴﺘﻟا تاءاﺮﺟإ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻜﺴﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﻓرا
.ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ دﱪﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﺮﺗأ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ – تﺎﻬﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ﻪﺑﻼﻘﻧا ﻦﻣ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،
ّ
ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.ﻪﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﺮﺤﻟا ﺐﻬﻠﻟا ﻦﻣ بﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ وأ
ً
اﺪﺟ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ حﻮﻄﺳ ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔ
ّ
ﻓﺎﺟو ﺔﻔﻴﻈﻧ ﺎاد ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ :زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﻣ ةدرﻮﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ةرﺎﺤﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻸﻟ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﻞﺒﻜﻟا ﺲﻣﻼﻣ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
.(ﻦﻧﻮﺑﺮﻜﻟا ﺪﻴﺴﻛأ ﺎﺛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ فﺎﻀﻣ) ﺔﻳزﺎﻏ هﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.ﻖﻠﻄﻟا ءاﻮﻬﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
.(ﺎﻫﻏو ﺲﻤﺸﻟاو ﺮﻄﳌا) ﺔﻳﻮﺠﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻠﻟ ض
ّ
ﺮﻌﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا كﱰﺗ ﻻ
، CE/2012/19 ﻢﻗر ﺔﻴﺑوروﻷا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣو ،ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻠﻟ
.ﺞﺘﻨﳌا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻓﺮﳌاو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ ﻰﺟﺮﻳ
.تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا هﺬﻬﺑ ﺎاد ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﻔﺻاﻮﻣ
.ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻦﻣو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺗ ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻟﺄﺘﻳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز - A
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز - B
ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز - C
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ - D
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ - E
نﺎﻣأ مﺻ - F
ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرﻷ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ - G
ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻔﻟ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﻣ صﺮﻗ - H
بﴪا ق - I
صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ - J
ﻖﻳﺮﺑإ - K
ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ - L
ءﺎﻄﻏ - M
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - N
136
AR
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ تﺎﺒّﻛﺮ
ءﺎﻄﻏ - O
ﺐﻟﻮﻟ نوﺪﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ - P
ﺐﻟﻮﻟ ﻊﻣ ﻖﺣﺎﻣ - Q
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا - R
ﺾﺒﻘﻣ - S
ﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﴍﺆﻣ - T
ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ دﺎﻨﺳ - U
ﺔﻴﻨﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ
:زﺎﻬﺠﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ةﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ يﻮﺘﺤﺗ
CE ﺔﻣﻼﻌﻟاو ﻊﻧﺎﺼﻟا
(.Mod) ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا
(SN) ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﳌا ﻢﻗر
(ﺲﺗﻫ) ددﱰﻟاو (ﺖﻟﻮﻓ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻓ
(طاو) ﺔﺼﺘﻤﳌا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةرﺪﻘﻟا
ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﻒﺗﺎﻫ ﻢﻗر
.ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻢﻗرو ﻞﻳدﻮﳌا ﺮﻛذ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ل
ّ
ﻮﺨﻣ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
لﻌﺘﺳﻻا تﻴﻠﻌﺗ
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌا ﺔﺣﻮﻟ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻄﻠﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻳوﺎﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻄﻠﻓ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
1 ..تﺎ
ّ
ﺒﻛﺮﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﻮﺟو ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﻒﻴﻠﻐﺘﻟا داﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ
2 .."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ تﺎﺒّﺮﳌا ﻞﺴﻏا
3 . ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻊﺿ .ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﱃإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟﺎﺑ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ ﻻ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻊﺿ
.ﻞﺳﺎﻐﳌاو ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻴﻔﻨﺣ ﻦﻋ
ً
اﺪﻴﻌﺑو
ِ
ﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻮﺼﻔﻣ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ نوﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
ﻞﺧاد ءﺎﳌا بﴪﺗ ﻊﻨﻣ ﺐﺠﻳ .ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻠﻟ ﻲﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﺢﻄﺴﻟا ﻞﺘﺒﻳ ﻻ ﻟ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣ ﴡﻗأ ﺬﺧأ ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا
.ﲇﻐﳌا وأ ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸ ﻻ
زﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
ﰲ ةﺒﻛ راﴐأ ﻚﻟذ ﻖﺤﻠﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﴏﺎﻨﻋ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﺗ ﻻ
137
AR
.ﻌﺸﻟا ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
جاﺮﺧﺈﺑ ﺢﺼﻨﻳ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻔﻗﻮﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ وأ ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﺎﻌﺷإ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ وأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ .تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟو ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻒّﻔﺟو ﻞﺴﻏا .ﻪﻴﻣرو ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا
1 ..ةدرﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
2 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺐﺤﺳا
3 ..ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟا برﺎﻘﻋ هﺎﺠﺗا ﺲﻜﻌﺑ (K) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
ّ
ﻚﻓ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺪﻴﻟﺎﺑو ﺪﻴﺑ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻚﺴﻣا
4 ..(G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
5 . ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ زوﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﻻ .(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺮﳌا (F) نﺎﻣﻷا م
ّ
ﺻ ﱃإ ﻞﺼﺗ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
.نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ
6 ..ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
7 . نﺎﻀﻴﻓ ﻦﻣ
ً
ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ﻲﺠﻳرﺪﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻸﻣا .ﺎﻬﻄﻐﻀﺗ ﻻو ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻸﻣا
.ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأو ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ع
ّ
زو .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌ
َ
ﺎﺼﻴﺼﺧ ﺔﺒ
ّ
ﻠﻌﻣو ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣو ةﺪﻴﺠﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﺪﺷ ﺐﻌﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ ،(G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ نأ ﻦﻜ .ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ بﴪﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ .(K) ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
ّ
ﺪﺸﻟا مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﺪﺷ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻖﻠﻐﻣ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
8 ..ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻖﻠﻏأ .(D) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﺿ
9 .
ّ
رﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
10 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ
ّ
رﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .(A) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﺎﻬﻠﻣﺎﻜﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا جﺮﺨﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﻖﺋﺎﻗد ﻊﻀﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ جوﺮﺨﻟﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا أﺪﺒﺗ
.ﺎﻬﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟردو ﻢﺳﺪﻟا ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺗو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻂﻠﺨﻟ ةﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻌﻠﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (A)
11 ..ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﻻﺪﺑ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ داﺪﻋإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﻚﻓ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ دﱪﺗ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ةرﻮﻄﺧ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎ
ّ
ﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا ﺪﻤﺠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻓﻮﺧ ،ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد 0 ﻦﻋ ﻪﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﻘﺗ نﺎﻜﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ كﱰﺗ ﻻ
.راﴐأ ثاﺪﺣإو ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ سﺎﻴﻘﺑ ةﻮﻬﻗ
1 .. (F) نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،(2 ﻞﻜﺷ) ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﺼﻨﻟا ﱃإ (E) ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
2 ..ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ سﺎﻴﻘﺑو (G) ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻊﺿ
3 . ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ سﺎﻴﻘﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد (H) ﺊﻳﺎﻬﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﻀﺤﺘﻟ
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ)
4 .."ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا داﺪﻋإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ" ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻊﺒﺗا
138
AR
ﺪﻨﻋ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻒﻗوأ .ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ داﺪﺴﻧا ﱃإ دﻮﻌﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ
ﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ةدﺪﺤﳌا ةﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ أﺪﺑا ،ﻚﻟذ
ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو
ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ أﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺗ اذإ
.ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 30 ةﺪﳌ ﺔﻟﺎﻐﺷ ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻰﻘﺒﺗ .ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ .ﺔﻧﻮﺨﺴﻟا
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﻢﺘﻳ نأ ﺪﻌﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻎﻳﺮﻔﺗو ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺧاد (MIN/MAX) ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺪ
ّ
ﻴﻘﺘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
ﻞﻜﺸﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻊﻔﺗﺮﺗ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذإ .ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻄﻐﻣ
ً
ﺎاد
ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﳌا وا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا جﺮﺨﻳ نأ ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃإ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺗ ﻢﺗ اذإ .ﺪﺋاز
.ﺨﺴﺘﻟا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
.ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ
زﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ءﺎﻋو ﻸﻣا
.ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ يأ ،غرﺎﻓ ﻮﻫو ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻞﻐﺸﺗ ﻻ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
ً
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻸ ﻻ
.تاﺮﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ وأ ﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ .ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻄﺷأو غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ةﺮﻣ لوﻷ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ،ءﺎﳌا ﲇﻏأ
ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻢﻴﺤﺸﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻧو ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ةﺮﻫﺎﻈﻟا هﺬﻫ نﻷ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻢﺘﻬﺗ ﻻ :ﱃوﻷا ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﺤﺋار رﺪﺼﺗ نا ﻦﻜ
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﳽﻼﺘﺗ فﻮﺳو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺾﻌﺒﻟ
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣإ
ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ
ﻖﺤﻠﳌا رﺎﺘﺧا
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ ،ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺒﻛ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﻖﻔﺧ وأ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ةﻮﻏر ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﺎﻬﻧاﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻣ
ً
ﺎﻓﻮﺧ (4 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲇﻔﺴﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌاو ﺎﻬﺑ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺰﻴﺤﻟا ﰲ تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌﺎﺑ ﻆﻔﺘﺣا
139
AR
ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
1 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﰲ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ
3 .:MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﻤﻠﻟ MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ
4 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر
ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗو ﻖﻔﺧ
1 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﺿ
2 .
ّ
رﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
3 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ
ّ
رﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ةﺪﺣاو ةﺮﻣ (B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
4 .ﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﺑو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ
.
ً
ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 1,5 ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ موﺪﺗ ،ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.
ً
ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 2 ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ موﺪﺗ ،ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﻣ ﻐﻟا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
(B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ
.ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ
.
ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﲇﻐﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ذاذر ﺮﻄﺧ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻌﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
5 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻓرا
6 ..سﺄﻜﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا فﺎﻔﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ ﳾﻼﺘﺗ ﻟ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻖﺤﻠﳌاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻧ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا لﻌﺘﺳا ﺪﻌﺑ
درﺎﺒﻟا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ
.ﺐﻟﻮﻠﺑ دوﺰﳌا ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻂﻘﻓ مﺪﺨﺘﺳا ،ﺔﻤﺳدو ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ةﻮﻏر ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ .ﻪﻨﻴﺨﺴﺗ نوﺪﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻜ
1 . ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺨﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 2 ةﺪﳌ (B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا ﻀﺤﺗ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿأ
رزأ نﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ
ّ
رﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ةﻮﻏر ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗد 1-1,5 ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (B)
ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻖﺒﺴﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻬﻧإ وأ فﺎﻘﻳإ
1 ..زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﲆﻋ لﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا ﺄﻔﻄﺗ .(B) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
:ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا ،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧو ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻼﻟ
ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ تدرأ اذإ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺼﻗ ةﱰﻔﻟ -
.ﺨﺴﺗ نوﺪﺑ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ تدرأ اذإ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟو -
140
AR
ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ (Q وأ P) ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺨﺑ ﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﻘﺤﻠﳌا لﻌﺘﺳا مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
1 .ﻮﻠﻄﳌا ىﻮﺘﺴﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ جزﺎﻄﻟا ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻸﻣا
.MAX ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﰲ ﺒﳌا ﺪﺤﻟا زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر
3 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﲆﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﺿ
4 .
ّ
رﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﰲ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺧدأ
ءﺎﳌا ﲇﻏ
5 ..ﺮﻤﺣﻷا نﻮﻠﻟﺎﺑ
ّ
رﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ةﺪﺣاو ةﺮﻣ (C) ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
ﺔﻳﻮﺌﻣ 80 ﺔﺟرﺪﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺗ
6 .ﺆﳌا .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻌﺸﻳ .ءﺎﳌا ﺨﺴﺘﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا أﺪﺒﻳ نأ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 2 ةﺪﳌ (C) ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ
ّ
رز ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ﺮﻔﺻأ نﻮﻠﺑ ﻞﻌﺸﻳ
ّ
رﺰﻠﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا
ّ
رﺰﻟ ﻮﻀﻟا ﴍﺆﳌا أﺪﺒﻳ .ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﱃإ ءﺎﳌا ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻞﺼﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ
.ﺾﻴﻣﻮﻟﺎﺑ (C) ءﺎﳌا داﺪﻋإ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.ﲇﻐﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻖ
ّ
ﻓﺪﺗ ﺮﻄﺧ .ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻏ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻌﻓر ﻞﺒﻗ ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
7 ..ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .صﺎﺨﻟا ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﺔﻄﺳﻮﺑ ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻊﻓرا
8 ..ﺟﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﳌا ﺐﻜﺳأ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﳌا ءﺎﳌا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ ،لﻌﺘﺳا ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻟﻵ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ
.تﺎﻔ
ّ
ﺜﻜﻣ ّﻻإ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣو :ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻫ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺖﺤﺗ ءﺎﳌا طﺎﻘﻧ ﺾﻌﺑ دﻮﺟو
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ءﺎﻔﻃإ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ
ﺎاد ﻞﺼﻓأ .ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نأ ﲆﻋ لﺪﻳ اﺬﻬﻓ ،ةﺄﻔﻄﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا تاﺆﳌا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺖﻧﺎﻛو
ّ
رز يأ ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ  اذإ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا
ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ةراﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﺟرد عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺤﻟا
عﺎﻔﺗرا ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ 30-40 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗوأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺄﻔﻄﻳ ،ءﺎﻣ وأ ﺐﻴﻠﺣ نوﺪﺑ يأ ،غرﺎﻓ ﻮﻫو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.ﻂﺒﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا ﺔ
ّ
ﻴﻟﻵ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻟ اﻮﺛ ﻊﻀﺑ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﳌا نﺎﻴﻠﻐﻟ .ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﺗراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد
ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﺻ ﱃإ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺄﻔﻄﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻘﺣﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ
.ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا
ﺔﻳدﺎﻣ راﴐأ قﺎﺤﻟإ ﺮﻄﺧ – ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ
ً
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎ
ّ
ﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
.ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد
141
AR
.ﴍﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻖﻓﺪﺘﻣ ءﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .اوﻷا ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻏ ﻞﺧاد زﺎﻬﺠﻟا تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ
ً
ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺴﻐﺗ ﻻ
ﺐﺠﻳ .ءﻠﻟ ﺲﻣﻼﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ وأ ﻮﻨﻴﺸﺗﻮ
ّ
ﺒﻜﻟا ءﺎﻋو وأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻊﻀﺗ ﻻ
.ﺔﻨﻜﻤﳌا ءﺎﳌا تاﺮﻄﻗ وأ ذاذر ﻦﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﺔﻳﺣ ﺐﺠﻳ . ﺔﺑﻮﻃﺮﻠﻟ تﺎﺒّﺮﳌا ﺾﻳﺮﻌﺗ مﺪﻋ
.ﺔ
ّ
ﻳﻮﻗ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ وأ ﺔﻳوﻴﻛ تﺎﻔﻈﻨﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ
قوﺮﺤﻠﻟ ضﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﺮﻄﺧ – ﺮﻳﺬﺤﺗ
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ دﱪﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺒﳌا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔ
ّ
ﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻣ تاودأ وأ ﺔّﻛﺎﺣ تﺎﻔ
ّ
ﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ ﻻ .ﺔﺒﻃر شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻜ
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻬﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻ وأ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ (J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو (I) بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ دﺎﻌﺑإ ﺪﻨﻋ
.ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ذاذر وأ شر ﳾﻼﺘﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻬﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ةدﺎﻋإ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻔ
ّ
ﻈﻧ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟا ﲆﻋو ،ةدوﺪﺴﻣ ﻏ صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ نأ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ﺔﻴﻠﺻأ رﺎﻴﻏ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﻬﻟاﺪﺒﺘﺳا ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻒﻠﺗ تﺎﻣﻼﻋ صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟاو بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ىﺪﺑ اذإ
.ﺔﺼ
ّ
ﺮﳌا ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟا ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺋاﴍ ﻦﻜ
ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
يدﺆﻳ ;ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ ،ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ة
ّ
ﺪﻋ داﺪﻋإ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻊﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
ءاﺮﺟإ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﺔﻟازإ ﺮﺧﻵاو ﺤﻟا ﺑ ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﻚﻟذ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ .ﺢﻴﺷﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺧﺄﺗ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ
لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘﳌاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا .ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا
.(ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ
:ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﻊﺒﺗا
1 ..ﺎﻬ
ّ
ﻜﻓ ﻢﺛ ،ةدرﺎﺑ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ نأ ﻦﻣ ًﻻوأ
2 ..ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ ةﺪﻣ ﺮﻈﺘﻧاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ صﺎﺨﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻸﻣا
3 ..ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻳﻼﻐﻠﻟ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ
.ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻣو ةدرﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻢﺘﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳ
4 . .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﻒﻄﺷا ﻢﺛ ،ﺮﻌﻘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺗو ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ﻒﺼﻧ روﺮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ
.ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﺲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
5 ..ﺎﻬﻴﻣراو ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ 3 ﻞﻗﻷا ﲆﻋ
ّ
ﴬﺣ
.ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا داﺪﺴﻧﻻا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟا راﻷا نﻀﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﻻ
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ
.ﻪﻠﺧاد ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا فﺎﻔﺟ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒﻈﻧ ،ةﻮﻏﺮﻠﻟ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو ﺨﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻌﺑ
1 ..ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
2 ..ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﺪﻌﺑأ
3 ..اوﻷا ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻨﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌﺎﺑ (Q/P) تﺎﻘﺤﻠﳌاو (O) ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﻞﺴﻏأ
4 ..اوﻸﻟ ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻨﻣو ﻦﺧﺎﺴﻟا ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ (R) ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲇﺧاﺪﻟا ءﺰﺠﻟا ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﺴﻏا
5 ..ﻊﻘﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﳾﺘﻟ ،ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا صﺎﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑو ،ءاﺰﺟﻷا ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﻒﻔﺟ
142
AR
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ
ﻦﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاد ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻦﻣ
ً
ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺪﺤﻟاو ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ةﱰﻔﻟ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎ
ّ
ﻌﻓ ﲆﻋو زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﲆﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻢﺘﻳ
ﺴﻌﻟا ءﻠﻟ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌا لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺐﺴﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ اذإ ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﲆﻋ .ﻢﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪﻔﻴﻈﻨﺗو ﻪﺘﻧﺎﻴﺻ لﻼﺧ
.ﻞﻠﺨﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازإ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻜ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﲆﻋ يﻮﺘﺤﻳ يﺬﻟا
.(ﻚﻳﱰﺴﻟا ﺾﻣﺎﺣ لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﲆﻋ) قﻮﺴﻟا ﰲ ةﺮﻓﻮﺘﳌاو ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺔﻟازﻹ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌا مﺪﺨﺘﺳا
ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﳌا فﺎﻘﻳإ
.ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻞﺒﻛ
ّ
ُ
ﻗ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﺐﺠﻳ ،زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻂﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ عﻮﻨﺼﳌا داﻮﳌا زﺮﻓ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا هﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺐﺠﻳ ،هﺮﻤﻋ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻢﻴﻄﺤﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ
.لﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺪﻠﺑ ﰲ ةﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﺤﳌا ﻧاﻮﻘﻟاو ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ﺐﺴﺣو ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻞﺤﻟ تادﺎﺷرإ
!ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺗ
دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓا .ةذﺎﺷ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ رﻮﻔﻟا ﲆﻋ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺄﻔﻃا
.قاﱰﺣﻻا ةرﻮﻄﺧ ﳾﻼﺘﻟ شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ،ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻋ ًﺪﺑ .زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻛﺎﻣ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
ﻦﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ جوﺮﺧ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
فاﻮﺣ
ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧأ ﻞﻤﺘﺤﳌا ﻦﻣ
ﰲ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز
ﺚﻴﺤﺑ ،ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا
ﺔﻳﺎﻬﻨﻟا ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻨ
.ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﲆﻋ
ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
.ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﻞﺧاد
بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﲆﻋ ﻲﻘﺑ
.ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ
ﺔﺷﺎ
ّ
ﻜﻧ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﲆﻋ ﻞﻤﻋا
.ﺞﻨﻔﺳا ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ وأ نﺎﻨﺳأ
(J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ
وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻧ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﻚﻓ .شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا سﻮﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) صﺮﻗ
وأ قوﺮﺤﻣ بﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ
ق
ّ
ﺰﻤﻣ
ّ
ﴪﺘﻟا ﻊﻨﻣ قﻮﻃ لﺪﺒﺘﺳا
ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻪّﻔﻟ ﻢﺘﻳ  ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﲆﻋ
.ﺾﺒﻘﳌا ﲆﻋ ﻂﻐﻀﺗ ﻻ .مﺰﻌﺑ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا
ّ
ﻒﻟ
143
AR
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
وأ جﺮﺨﺗ ﻻ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﻲﻄﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ جﺮﺨﺗ
.ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ
(J) صﺮﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا بﻮﻘﺛ
.ةدوﺪﺴﻣ
وأ تازﺎّﻔﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻧ .ﻖﻳﺮﺑﻹا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ّ
ﻚﻓ .شﻗ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةدوﺪﺴﳌا بﻮﻘﺜﻟا سﻮﺑد وأ ةﺎﺷﺮﻓ
.(6 ﻞﻜﺷ) صﺮﻗ
.اﺪﺟ ﺔﻤﻋﺎﻧ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا.ﻦﺸﺧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا لوﺎﺣ
ﺔﻃﻮﻐﻀﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﳌا ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ﺪﺋاز ﻞﻜﺸﺑ
.ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻔﻟا ﰲ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗأ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿ
ﺮﻌﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻛ تﺎﺒﺳﺮﺗ ﺖﻠﻜﺸﺗ
.ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا
ةﺮﻘﻓ ﰲ ﺒﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﺴﻠﻜﻟا تﺎﺒﺳﱰﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ
."زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ"
اﺪﺟ ﺔﻔﻴﻔﺧ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.ةدرﺎﺑو
ﻦﺸﺧ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
.اﺪﺟ
ﺐﺠﻳ ،ﺔﻨﺧﺎﺳو (ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺛ) ةﺰﻛﺮﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ
.ﻢﻌﻧأ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻧﻮﺤﻄﻣ ةﻮﻬﻗ لﻌﺘﺳا
.ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ةﺪﺋاز ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿو ﻢﺗ
ءﺎﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻟا ﻊﺿو ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ﻊﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺪﻋأ
ﲆﻋ ﱰﻠﻓ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا اذإ نﺎﻣﻷا مﺻ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﱃإ .ﺔﻳّﻼﻐﻟا ﰲ
مﺻ ﺖﺤﺗ .ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺟﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺑرأ ﺔﻌﺴﺑ ﻊﻤﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﻦﻣ ﻧﺎﺠﻨﻓ ﺔﻌﺴﺑ ﺊﻳﺎﻬﳌا صﺮﻘﻟا ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳا اذإ نﺎﻣﻷا
.(3 ﻞﻜﺷ) ةﻮﻬﻘﻟا
ءﺎﳌا ﺔﻳّﻼﻏ/ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻒﺧ زﺎﻬﺟ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌاﻦﻜﻤﳌا ﺐﺒﺴﻟاﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺎﻣ
ﺨﺴﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻒﻗﻮﺘﺗ ةﻮﻏﺮﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗو
.ﺎﻬﻧاوأ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺨﺴﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ءﺪﺒﻟا ﻢﺗ
نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻖﻔﺧو
.ﻦﺧﺎﺳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.زﺎﻬﺠﻟا دﱪﻳ نأ ﺣ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﺘﻧا
ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟا ةرﺎﺷﻹا
زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﱃإ ﺸﺗ
رزأ نﻮﻟ ﻲﻄﻌﺗ
.ةﺪﺋاز زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﻛ ﻊﺿ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﲆﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺷو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
.MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ زوﺎﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ قﻼﻃﻹا
،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ
.ﻪﻘﻔﺧ ﻢﺘﻳ  ﻦﻜﻟو
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ 
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲇﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
،ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﺨﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﻪﻘﻔﺧ ﻢﺘﻳ  ﻦﻜﻟو
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻏ ﻖﺤﻠﻣ لﻌﺘﺳا ﻢﺗ ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
.ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﺢﻠﳌا رﺎﺘﺧا .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
ﲆﻋ وأ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﲆﻋ ﺦﺳو ﺪﺟﻮﻳ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ
.ﻖﺤﻠﳌاو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﻒ
ّ
ﻈﻧ
144
AR
ﺞﻴﺠﺿ رﺪﺼﻳ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا
.ﺐﻳﺮﻏ
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
ﰲﺎﻛ ﻏ
ﻦﻋ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺪﻌﺑأ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﰲ ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﻗ ﺐﻜﺳأ .ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ
مﺪﻋ قﻼﻃﻹا ﲆﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ .ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻣ زﺎﻬﺠﻟا ﻞﻐﺷو ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا
.MAX ﴡﻗﻷا ﺪﺤﻟا ةرﺎﺷإ زوﺎﺠﺗ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا لﺎﺧدإ ﻢﺘﻳ 
ﺪﺟاﻮﺘﳌا دﺎﻨﺴﻟا ﲇﻋ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﺮﻌﻗ ﲆﻋ
ﻦﻣ ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا غ
ّ
ﺮﻓ .ﺎﺑﺮﻬﻜﻟا ﺬﺧﺄﳌا ﻦﻋ ﺲﺑﺎﻘﻟا ﻞﺼﻓأ
ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﺤﻠﳌا ﻞﺧدأ .ﺐﻴﻠﺤﻟا
.ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ
ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻏ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا
ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ
.ءﺎﻋﻮﻟا ﲆﻋ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ءﺎﻄﻐﻟا ﺐﻛر
6


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