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Ableton Live 8.0 Manual

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CHAPTER 32. MIDI FACT SHEET 525
environment would capture this incoming information with perfect timing accu-
racy in relation to the timeline of the song as accurately as an audio recording.
2) Playback refers to two related scenarios when dealing with DAWs. The rst in-
volves sending MIDI note and controller information from the DAW to a hardware
device such as a synthesizer. The second involves converting stored MIDI infor-
mation into audio data within the computer, as played back by a plug-in device
such as the Operator synthesizer. In both cases, an ideal playback environment
would output a perfect reproduction of the stored information.
3) Playthrough involves sending MIDI note and controller information from a hard-
ware device (such as a MIDI keyboard) into the DAW and then, in real-time, back
out to a hardware synthesizer or to a plug-in device within the DAW. An ideal
playthrough environment would feel as accurate and responsive as a physical
instrument such as a piano.
32.2 MIDI Timing Problems
The realities of computer-based MIDI are complex, and involve so many variables that
the ideal systems described above are impossible to achieve. There are two fundamental
issues:
1) Latency refers to inherent and consistent delay in a system. This is a particular
problem in a DAW because digital audio cannot be transferred into or out of an
audio interface in real time, and must instead be buffered. But even acoustic
instruments exhibit a certain degree of latency; in a piano, for example, there is
some amount of delay between the time a key is depressed and the time the
hammer mechanism actually activates the string. From a performance perspec-
tive, small latency times are generally not a problem because players are usually
able to adapt the timing of their playing to compensate for delays as long as
the delays remain consistent.
2) Jitter refers to inconsistent or random delay in a system. Within a DAW, this
can be a particular problem because different functions within the system (e.g.,
MIDI, audio and the user interface) are processed separately. Infor mation often
needs to be moved from one such process to another when converting MIDI
… 527 …


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